• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권1호통권76호
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• pp.67-80
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• 1996

Ganoderma속균은 약효가 인정되어 많이 인공 재배되어 이용되고 있으나 본 속균에 대한 기초적인 연구가 미흡한 실정이므로 본 연구에서는 영지 속균을 채집하여 분리 동정하였으며, 또한 배양적 특성과 형태적인 특징을 조사하였다. 영지속균은 경기도와 강원도 11개 장소의 참나무, 아카시나무, 오리나무 등에서와 6재배농가에서 채집되었다. 대부분의 영지는 하나의 버섯이 그루터기에서 형성되나 오리나무에서는 다수가 형성되었다. 영지속균의 균사 생장적온은 G. applanatum, G.lucidum, G. neo-japonicum에서는 $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$이었고, G. tsugae에서는 $26^{\circ}C$이었으나 $32^{\circ}C$에서는 천천히 생장하였다. Hamda배지를 pH 6.2로 조정하였을 때 균사생장이 가창 좋았다. 6종의 공시균주에 대한 균사의 형태적인 특정으로 G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. neo-japonicum은 staghorn를 형성하였으나 G.oregonens, G. ualeosiacum은 포도형의 가지를 가진 staghorn균사를 형성하였다. Clamp connection은 G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. oregonense, G. valeosiacum균의 균사에서 관찰되었으나 node형을 가진 G. neo-japonioum에서는 형성되지 않았다. 후막포자는 G. applanatum, G. neo-japonicum에서 형성되었으며, cuticular cell는 G. lucidum, G. neo-japonicum, G. oregonense, G. tsugae의 균사에서 형성되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1992

Chitin합성 저해제인 buprofezin이 Coriolous versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum, 및 G. applanatum 균사의 생장과 원형질체 나출 및 재생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 buprofezin은 C. versicolor, G. lucidum 및 G. applanatum의 균사생장을 심히 저해하였고 첨가농도가 높을수록 균사생장 억제가 심하였다. Buprofezin처리에 의하여 기균사 및 oidia 형성량은 증가하였으나 균사의 형태에는 변화가 없었다. G. applanatum은 buprofezin 처리에 의하여 원형질체 나출량과 재생율이 현저히 증가하였으나, G. lucidum은 원형질체의 나출량과 재생율이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 C. versicolor의 경우에는 원형질체 나출량이 증가하였으나, 재생율은 무처리와 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.261-271
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• 2021

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract (ME) and hot water extracts (HE) from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum were investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 2.0 mg/mL ME (94.83%) was comparable to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (96.97%), the reference standard. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of ME and HE were similar to that of BHT at 2.0 mg/mL, whereas lipid peroxidation activity of the ME and HE were significantly lower than that of BHT. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the G. applanatum fruiting bodies contained nine phenolic compounds, which might contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The survival rate of RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with 2.0 mg/mL ME and HE were 65.23 to 68.12% at 2.0 mg/mL, thereby indicating that the extracts were slightly cytotoxic at the concentration tested. The extracts also inhibited the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The study results demonstrated that the fruiting bodies of G. applanatum possessed good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which might be used to develop novel anti-inflammatory agents.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2024

This study investigated the microscopic characteristics and genetic relationships of Ganoderma applanatum fruiting bodies. Basidiospores were brown, ellipsoid, and had one or two large vacuoles and a double wall. The surface of basidiospores was smooth or wrinkled and most had numerous small and shallow holes. The length and width of basidiospores of Ganoderma applanatum isolates GBGA-01, GBGA-02, ASI 50167, ASI 52821, ASI 52822, ASI 52823, and ASI 53399 were on average 7.6×4.8 ㎛, 7.9×4.6 ㎛, 7.7×4.9 ㎛, 8.2×5.3 ㎛, 7.7×5.0 ㎛, 8.0×4.9 ㎛, and 7.9×4.9 mm, respectively. In contrast, the basidiospores of Ganoderma lucidum isolate ASI 7125 were 7.7×5.2 ㎛. Using the universal ITS1/ITS4 primer set, the ITS region of the isolates were amplified and sequenced. The ITS sequences were very closely related to G. applantum isolate GBGA-01, GBGA-02, ASI 50167, ASI 52821, ASI 52822, ASI 52823 and ASI 53399, but were not the same species. Whereas, G. lucidum isolate ASI 7125 belongs to different group.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2009

The effect of fermentation parameters and medium composition on the simultaneous mycelial growth and exo-polymer production from submerged cultures of Ganoderma applanatum was investigated in shake-flask cultures. The optimum initial pH for mycelial growth and exo-polymer production was 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. The optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ and the optimum inoculum content was 3.0% (v/v). The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and corn steep powder, respectively. After 12 days fermentation under these conditions, the highest mycelial growth was 18.0 g/l and the highest exo-polymer production was 3.9 g/l.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

잔나비불로초 배양에 적합한 생물반응기를 선발하기 위하여 4종류의 생물반응기 형태별 균사체 생장특성과 다당체 생산량을 비교하였다. 균사체 생산량은 기포통기형 생물반응기($7\;g/{\ell}$) > 풍선형 생물반응기($6.2\;g/{\ell}$) > 교반형 생물반응기($6\;g/{\ell}$) > 컬럼형 생물반응기($5\;g/{\ell}$) 순으로 나타났으며, 기포통기형 생물반응기에서 가장 높은 세포외 다당체($1\;g/{\ell}$)와 세포 내다당체(2.7%)를 생산하여 기포통기형 생물반응기가 잔나비불로초 균사체 배양에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 세포외 다당체의 분자량도 생물반응기의 형태별에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 기포통기형 생물반응기에서 가장 높은 분자량을 나타냈다. 기포통기형 생물반응기에서의 적정한 공기공급율은 0.05부터 0.1 vvm 사이로 나타났다. 특히 잔나비불로초 균사체는 배양하면서 배지의 점도가 높아져 점차 공기 공급량을 높여 주는 것이 좋은 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권1호통권88호
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• pp.39-43
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• 1999

불로초의 계통 분류학적 조사를 위해 불로초속 중 8종(Ganoderma lucidum, G. tsugae, G. pfeifferi, G. resinaceum, G. australe-applanatum, G. oregonense, G. neo-japonicum, G. applanatum) 12균주와 out-group 균주로는 Inonotus xeranticus의 rDNA ITS II를 PCR로 증폭하여 염기서열을 비교 조사하였다. 불로초 속 중 ITS II 영역의 길이는 $247{\sim}257\;bp$로 분포하였고 종간 상동성은$70{\sim}100%$ 로 조사되었다. 계통도를 분석한 결과는 5개의 군(cluster)을 형성하였고 G. tsugae는 각각의 G. lucidum과 하나의 clade를 이루어 두 종은 서로 매우 밀접하게 진화된 것으로 사료되었다. 본 조사에서는 국내에서 재배되고 있는 불로초(G. lucidum)는 그 발생지 및 국외 ITS염기서얼 자료와 비교 및 분석할 때 G. tsugae로 하는 것이 타당할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2021

Anti-melanogenesis and skin anti-wrinkle effects of methanol (ME) and hot water (HE) extracts from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum were investigated in this study. The total phenolic contents of the ME and HE of the mushroom were 11.68 and 3.15 ㎍ GAEs/mg, respectively, whereas the total flavonoid contents of the ME and HE were 21.82 and 2.69 ㎍ QEs/mg, respectively. The survival rate of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells treated with 750 ㎍ ME and HE were 83.46% and 85.54%, respectively, thereby suggesting that mushroom extracts were slightly cytotoxic at the tested concentration. The in vitro tyrosinase inhibition by ME (83.15%) and HE (83.44%) was significantly lower than that of kojic acid (99.61%), the positive control, at 2.0 mg/mL. Although the inhibition of cellular melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells by 2.0 mg/mL of ME (50.24%) and HE (51.24%) was lower than that of arbutin (64.84%), the inhibition by both ME and HE was higher than 50%. Collagenase inhibition by HE was comparable to 2.0 mg/mL epigallocatechin (EGCG), the positive control; however, elastase inhibition by ME and HE was lower than that of EGCG at the concentration tested. The results showed that the fruiting bodies of G. applanatum had good anti-tyrosinase, good anti-collagenase, and moderate anti-elastase activities, which might be useful for developing novel skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle agents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3650-3654
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• 2011

Two new unusual soyasaponins named 6"-O-methyldehydrosoyasaponin I(7) and desglucosylsoyasaponin $A_1$ (10) along with eight known saponins, dehydrosoyasaponin IV (1), dehydrosoyasaponin III (= impatienoside A) (2), soyasaponin III (3), dehydrosoyasaponin II (= soyasaponin Bg) (4), soyasaponin II (5), dehydrosoyasaponin I (= soyasaponin Be) (6), soyasaponin I (8), and kudzusaponin $SA_3$ (9), were isolated as their methyl esters and identified from the liquid culture of G. applanatum. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic analyses including 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of the reported in literatures. Although dehydrosoyasaponin IV was identified by LC-MS/MS method from soy protein isolate, this is the first report of the isolation of this compound. Dehydrosoyasaponin III (2) and kudzusaponin $SA_3$ (9) were also isolated for the first time from soybean. The presence of soyasaponins in Ganoderma species seems to be unusual feature. Thus, we presumed that compounds 1-10 might all be derived from the defatted soybean flour which was added to the culture medium as a nitrogen source.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.479-483
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• 2006

Eight compounds were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum, and were identified as 2-methoxyfatty acids (1), 5-dihydroergosterol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3) $3{\beta},7{\beta},20,23{\zeta}-tetrahydroxy-11,15-dioxolanosta-8-en-26-oic$ acid (4), $7{\beta},20,23{\zeta}-trihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8-en-26-oic$ acid (5), cerevisterol (6), $7{\beta},23{\zeta}-dihydroxy-3,11,15-trioxolanosta-8,20E(22)-dien-26-oic$ acid (7), and $7{\beta}-hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-8,20E(22)-dien-26-oic$ acid methyl ester (8) by spectral analysis. All compounds were isolated for the first time from this fruiting bodies, and their effect on rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) activity was tested. Among these eight compounds, ergosterol peroxide (3) was found to exhibit potent RLAR inhibition, its $IC_{50}$ value being $15.4\;{\mu}g/mL$.