• 한국연초학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

Genome walking is a par ticular application for identifying sequences of unknown genomic regions adjacent to a known region. Many genome walking methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are available. Even if earlier techniques suffer from low reproducibility, inefficiency, and non-specificity, improved strategies have been developed. In this study, we present an alternative strategy: the genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes. After cytosine overhangs at 5' ends, the fragments are ligated to linker adaptor s had guanine overhang at 3' ends. Then nested PCR is performed. The improvements in this strategy focus on two points. The first is the C tailing method using Pfu polymerase instead of the A tailing method based on nontemplate-dependent terminal transferase activity of Taq polymerase. Therefore unintended modification of target DNA can be prevented without A tailing error. The second point is the use of C/G-specific ligation had advantage in the ligation efficiency compared with A/T-specific ligation. Therefore, the C-G linker PCR method increases ligation efficiency between digested genomic DNA and adaptor DNA. As a result, the quantity of target DNA to amplify by PCR is enriched. We successfully used G-C linker PCR to retrieve flanking regions bordering the phophinothricin resistance gene in genetically modified tobacco (GMO).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1394-1399
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• 2001

Influence of pre-weaning nutrition on post-weaning gain was assesses under intensive feeding in Malpura lambs. Thirty six Malpura (15 days old) lambs divided in to 3 equal groups were maintained on high (G1), medium (G2) and low (G3) energy and protein containing creep mixture with free suckling and ad libitum roughage (pala leaves: Ziziphus nummularia) up to 90 days of age. The lambs during post-weaning phase were fed on a 40:60 roughage and concentrate based composite diet to assess their post-weaning growth response. Total dry matter intake in pre-weaning phase was higher (p<0.01) in G3 than G2 and G1 while feed conversion efficiency was better in G1 than G2 and G3. The birth weight, 15 days body weight and weaning weight were however similar in the three groups. The finishing body weight, total body weight gain and average daily gain during post-weaning phase were higher (p<0.01) in G3 than in G1 and G2. The lambs in G3 consumed more (p<0.01) dry matter during post-weaning phase along with better feed conversion efficiency than other two groups. However, the DCP intake/kg body weight gain was higher in G1 than G2 and G3. Digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and energy were similar among the three groups during post-weaning phase. Percent nitrogen retention as nitrogen intake was higher (p<0.01) in G3 (71.1%) than G1 (67.7%) and G2 (69.7%) during the post-weaning phase of study. The G1, G2 and G3 lambs in post-weaning phase consumed 8.1, 7.7 and 8.1 g DCP and 246.8, 227.2 and 246.1 kcal $DE/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$ and had 84.4, 80.0 and 111.1 g average daily gain, respectively. It is concluded that the lambs fed on low energy and protein containing creep mixture in pre-weaning phase showed improvement in growth during post-weaning phase under optimum feeding regime.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2001

포그냉방시스템의 냉방효과는 온실 내부의 상대습도, 공기유동과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 냉방설계용 VETH선도에서 냉발효율은 환기회수의 증가와 그에 상응하는 분무수량의 증가로 인하여 개선될 수 있다. 시간제어방식을 이용한 무차광 실험온실에서 분당 환기회수가 평균 0.77회, 분무수량이 2,009g 일 때 온실 내부의 기온이 31$^{\circ}C$로 외부기온과 거의 같게 나타났으며, 이 때의 증발효율은 82%이다. 분당 환기회수가 평균 0.26회, 분무수량이 1.256g인 경우 무냉방 온실의 기온과 비슷한 37.1$^{\circ}C$였다. 차광율 70%인 실험온실의 분당 환기환수가 평균 2.59회, 분무수량이 2,009g 일 때, 내부의 상대습도는 증가하나 기온은 하강하지 못했다. 그러나 분당 환기회수가 평균 2.33회, 분무수량이 2,009g인 경우 내부의 기온이 31.4$^{\circ}C$로 이 때 온실의 유입구 풍속은 최고 1.9m.s$^{-1}$였다. 시간제어의 경우 일정간격으로 일정한 수량을 분무하기 때문에 분무입자가 모두 증발하지 못하고 온실 내부에 누적되어 온실 내부의 상대습도를 증가시켜 냉방효율을 감소 시키는 원인이 되고 차광망이 온실내부의 공기흐름을 차단하여 증발효율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 포그냉방시스템의 냉방효율을 높이기 위해서는 온실 내부의 상대습도에 의한 제어방식과 내부 공기의 순환에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.330-342
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• 2022

We aimed to investigate candidate proteins related to long-term caloric restriction and feed efficiency in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle (LM). A total of 31 Korean native steers were randomly distributed to ad libitum (n = 16) or caloric restriction group (n = 15) to conduct two feeding trials for 13 mon. In the first trial (10-18 mon of age), steers were fed with 100% ad libitum (NE_g = 0.63 Mcal/kg) or caloric restriction (80% of the previous day's feed intake of ad libitum group). In the second trial (18-23 mon of age), the energy value of 100% ad libitum diet was 1.13 Mcal/kg NE_g and those in caloric restriction group diet was 0.72 Mcal/kg NE_g. At the endpoint of this experiment, in each group, 6 animals were selected with high (n = 3) or low feed efficiency (n = 3) to collect muscle tissue samples (6 animals/group). From muscle tissues of 23 mo of age, we excavated 9 and 12 differentially expressed (two-fold or more) proteins in a nutritional group and feed efficiency group using two-dimensional electrophoresis, respectively. Of these proteins, heat shock protein beta-6 was up-regulated in both the caloric restriction and the low feed efficiency group. In bovine embryonic fibroblasts, the mRNA expression of heat shock protein beta-6 increased after adipogenic differentiation, however, decreased after myogenic differentiation. Our data provide that heat shock protein beta-6 may be an adipogenic protein involved in the mechanism of caloric restriction and feed efficiency in the LM of the steer.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.21-24
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 폐기물 자원화 공정에서 발생하는 음폐수를 UF 분리막을 결합한 혐기성 소화 파일럿 에서 처리하면서 혐기성 소화효율, 바이오가스 생산량과 운전인자를 도출하였다. 운전방식은 막내부에서 외부로 고액분리가 이루어지는 가압식이었으며, 투과 플럭스는 15∼20 LMH, 막간 차압은 $1{\sim}3 kgf/cm^2$였다. 분리막 운전은 직접순환방식으로 운전한 결과, 메탄조의 수질악화로 간접순환방식으로 운전하였다. 유입수의 TCOD 와 SCOD 는 각각 113 g/L, 62 g/L 이었고, 유출수의 TCOD 와 SCOD는 각각 25 g/L, 12 g/L 이었다. TCOD 및 SCOD 제거효율은 각각 77% 및 81%였다. 하지만 UF 공정을 추가했을 때는 제거효율이 93% 및 86%로 증가하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1992

이중절연층구조 ZnS:Sm,F 박막 EL 소자를 전자선 가열 증착법으로 제작하여 제작한 소자들의 발광특성과 발광효율을 조사하였다. ZnS:Sm,F 박막 EL소자의 발광 스펙트럼은 Sm/sup 3+/ 이온의 /sup 4/G/sub 5/2/ .rarw. /sup 6/H/sub 9/2//sup 4/G/sub 5/2/.rarw./sup 6/H/sub 7/2/, /sup 4/G/sub 5/2/.rarw./sup 6/H/sub 5/2/.rarw.전이에 의한 발광이다. 이들 중 650nm를 발광하는 /sup 4/G/sub 5/2/.rarw./sup 6/H/sub 9/2/전이가 가장 우세하며 주홍색 발광을 한다. ZnS:Sm, F 박막 EL 소자의 최적 농도와 기판온도는 1wt%, 200.deg.C이며 최적조건으로 제작한 소자의 발광효율이 가장 크다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

In order to enhance the gene delivery efficiency and decrease the cytotoxicity of polyplexes, we synthesized Solutol-g-PEI by conjugating polyethyleneimine (PEI) to Solutol (polyoxyethylene (10) stearate), and evaluated its efficiency as a possible nonviral gene carrier candidate. Structural analysis of synthesized polymer was performed by using $^1H$-NMR. Gel retardation assay, particle sizes and zeta potential measurement confirmed that the new gene carrier formed a compact complex with plasmid DNA. The complexes were smaller than 150 nm, which implicated its potential for intracellular delivery. It showed lower cytotoxicity in three different cell lines (Hela, MCF-7, and HepG2) than PEI 25 kDa. pGL3-lus was used as a reporter gene, and the transfection efficiency was in vitro measured in Hela cells. Solutol-g-PEI showed much higher transfection efficiency than unmodified PEI 25 kDa.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2022

The ongoing adoption of 5G will increase the data traffic, throughput, multimedia services, and power consumption for future wireless applications and services, including sensor and mobile networks. Multipath fading on wireless channels also reduces the system performance and increases energy consumption. To address these issues, device-to-device (D2D) and cooperative communications have been proposed. In this study, we propose two inter-clustering models using the relay selection method to improve system performance and increase energy efficiency in cooperative D2D networks. We develop two inter-clustering models and present their respective algorithms. Subsequently, we run a computer simulation to evaluate each model's outage probability (OP) performance, throughput, and energy efficiency. The simulation results show that inter-clustering model II has the lowest OP, highest throughput, and highest energy efficiency compared with inter-clustering model I and the conventional inter-clustering-based multirelay method. These results demonstrate that inter-clustering model II is well-suited for use in 5G overlay D2D and cellular communications.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

Four clays (both natural and commercial types) mainly used in Korea were tested for removal efficiency of Microcystis spp. and ecotoxicity on Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri. Four clays (clay A~D) were composed of 91.9~100% of sand (0.02~0.2 mm in particle size). Clay D consisted of lager particles than other clays. Major elements of the four clays were $SiO_2$ (45.3~62.8%), $Al_2O_3$ (18.5~29.7%) and $Fe_2O_3$ (5.4~7.9%). They contained kaolinite (clay mineral), quartz, muscovite, and so on. Clay C and D contained montmorillonite, one of the clay minerals improving clay-cell aggregation. For clay A, B and C, removal efficiency of Microcystis spp. was over 60% at 2 g/L. It reached about 100% at over 5 g/L. For clay D, it was over 60% and 95~100% at 5 g/L and 20 g/L respectively. After adding clays, pH decreased. The greatest drop of pH appeared at clay C. Except for addition of 100 g/L clay C, ecotoxicity on D. magna and V. fischeri didn't appeared at all dose of clays.