• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 1989

The experiment was carried out to study the profile of uterine specific protein during early pregnancy in sows and to test it's immunosuppressive activity. Uterine protein samples were obtained by flushing the uterine horn on Day 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 of the estrous cycle and the pregnancy respectively and the protein concentration of each sample was determined. The change of uterine protein was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-PAGE. The immunosuppressive activity of uterine secretory protein was investigated according to the lymphocyte blastogenesis response to mitogen. The results of this experiment are summarized as follows ; 1. The uterine protein during estrous cycle and early pregnancy was relatively constant up to Day 9, but increased on Day 12. Maxium total protein values were found on Day 15. The concentration of serum proteins were about 82-95 mg during estrous cycle, but decreased to about 70-82 mg during early pregnancy. 2. The proteins components similar electrophoretic patterns(PAGE) that were no differences (band ; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, I) on Days 3, 6 and 9 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. But there were more 2 bands specifically on Day 12 of the pregnancy and on Day 15 of estrous cycle and showed more 4 bands on Day 15 of early pregnancy. They seemed to be acidoprotein and their average molecular weight were 38,000, 22,300 and 12,600. 3. When uterine protein were added 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, there was no immunosuppresive activity on Day 3 of estrous cycle and lymphocyte blastogenesis was slightly suppressed on Day 3 of pregnancy. The immunosuppressive activity on Day 9 of estrous cycle and pregnancy appeared in 500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively the uterine protein on Day 12 and 15 showed immunosuppresive activity, which at the level of 150$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml during non-pregnancy and at the level of 100 to 125$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml during early pregnancy, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.704-713
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• 1997

This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the protein metabolism of pigs during growth depending on the feed protein quality and to describe quantitatively amino acids requirements, using a simulation model. The used model has a non-linear structure. In the used model, the protein utilization system of a pig, which is in the non-steady-state, is described with 15 flux equations and 11 differential equations and is composed with two compartments. Protein deposition(g/day) of pigs on the 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th day of feeding duration with three-quality protein, beginning with body weight 20kg, were calculated according to the empirical model, PAF(the product of amino acid functions) of Menke, and was used as object function for the simulation. The mean of relative difference between the simulated protein deposition and PAF calculated values, lied in a range of 8.8%. The simulated protein deposition showed different behavior according to feed protein quality. In the high-quality protein, it showed paraboloidal form with extending growth simulation up to 150eh day. So the maximum of protein deposition was acquired on the 105th day of simulate growth time and then it decreased fast. In the low-quality protein, this form of protein deposition in the course of simulated growth did not appear until 150th day. The simulated protein mass also showed a difference in accordance with feed protein quality. The difference was small on the 30th day of simulated growth, but with duration of the simulated growth it was larger. On the 150th day the simulated protein deposition of high quality protein was 1.5 times higher as compared to the low-quality protein. The simulated protein synthesis and break-down rates(g/day) in the whole body showed a parallel behavior in the course of growth, according to feed protein quality. It was found that the improvement of feed protein quality increased protein deposition in the whole body through a increase of both protein synthesis and breakdown during growth. Also protein deposition efficiency, which was calculated from simulated protein deposition and protein synthesis, showed a difference in dependence on the protein qualify of feed protein. The protein deposition efficiency was higher in pigs fed with high quality protein, especially at the simulation time 30th day. But this phenomena disappeared with growth, so on the 150th day of growth, the protein deposition of the high feed protein quality was lowest among the three different quality of feed protein. The simulated total requirement of the 10 essential amino acids for the growth of pigs was 28.1(g/100g protein), similar to NRC. The requirement of lysine was 4.2(g/100g protein).

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.161-164
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• 2003

An Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus strain (IHNV-RTK) was isolated from cultured rainbow trout at Kumi and Jechun area in Korea during 2000 and 2001. In the RT-PCR amplification with the specific primer set designed from IHNV G protein region, a 540 bp PCR product was amplified from the RTK strain. The RTK strain showed higher sequence homology with the published IHNV G protein genes (RB-76, LR-73, Col-85, and Carson-89)

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1996

The gene encoding gIII of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) PQ strain was cloned and expressed in baculovirus. Although the gIII gene is located in Hind III I fragment as the case of the other BHV-1 strains, differences in size and restriction endonuclease site within the fragment were identified. The gIII expression was predominantly detected on the surface on insect cells by indirect immunofluoresecnce assay using monoclonal antibody. The western blotting analysis also revealed the presence of expressed protein of a similar molecular size to the original gIII protein. The immunogenicity of expressed protein were tested in guinea pigs. The immunized guinea pigs with expressed protein developed the neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1980

Myofibrilar Protein from Korean Duck Muscle was extracted and ATPase activities were studied. The results were as follows: 1. Mg-activated ATPase activity of Myofibril from Korean Duck, muscle exhibited a biphasic response, ATPase activity was high at a low ionic strength and low activity was showed at high ionic strength. 2. Effect of EDTA on the Myofibrillar protein ATPase activity was studied, it was investigated that the EDTA inhibition was showed at the concentration of $6.9{\mu}g$ and it above. 3. It showed that the effect of Ca++ on ATPase activity was decreased at the lower than $3{\mu}g$. Inhibition showed at the concentration of $6.9{\mu}g$ and it above. 4. It showed that the effect of Mg++ on ATPase activity was decreased at the lower than $3.6{\mu}g$. Inhibition showed at the concentration of $3.9{\mu}g$ and it above.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2000

The signal transduction pathway for most neurotransmitter induced inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ channels in sympathetic neurons involves a G-protein mediated, membrane-delimited mechanism without the participation of any known protein kinase. However, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has been proposed as one of the intracellular mechanisms mediating some neurotransmitter induced $Ca^{2+}$ channel inhibition. In the present study, we investigated the effects of phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu) on $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents of acutely dispersed neurons from adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons using whole cell variant of the patch clamp technique. PDBu (500 nM), the activator of PKC, increased $Ca^{2+}$ channel currents and retarded the deactivation of tail currents. The effects of PDBu were voltage dependent and the maximal increase in the current amplitudes was observed between -10 to 10 mV (n=4). PDBu attenuated $Ca^{2+}$ current inhibition induced by norepinephrine (NE), which modulates $Ca^{2+}$ channels via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive pathway. Inhibition of PDBu by staurosporine (1 $\mu$M) blocked the effects of PDBu on current amplitudes and NE-induced G-protein mediated inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ currents. Further experiment should be done to know if G-protein or $Ca^{2+}$ channel itself is the target of PKC phosphorvlation.phosphorvlation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.365-373
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• 1990

The effects of the protein fraction of Panax ginseng on primary cultured chicken embryonic brain cells and DRG cultured with a deficient medium were studied. The protein fraction was further fractionated into four groups according to the molecular weight; larger than 10,000 dalton(fraction A), between 5,000 and 10,000 daltons(fraction B), between 1,000 and 5,000 daltons(fraction C), between 500 and 1,000 daltons(fraction D). All four protein fractions at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ significantly increased the number of the brain cells which promoted the neurite outgrowth. The activity of PDHC in the brain cells was elevated significantly by the protein fraction B at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was noted that $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ protein fraction C and D significantly enhanced the synthesis of protein in the brain cells. At the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$, the protein fraction B enhanced RNA synthesis and the protein fraction A significantly enhanced DNA synthesis in the brain cells. The protein fractions B, C, and D significantly promoted the neurite outgrowth of DRG at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.401-407
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• 1990

This study was performed to investigate the effect of protein intake on kidney development and function in growing rats. Fourty-two male Spraque-Dawley rats of weighing $97.5\pm1.9g$ were divided into 3 groups and given 5%, 15% or 50% casein diets for 6 weeks. Body weight gain was higher in the 50% group. The kidney weight was selectively affected more by the level of dietary protein compared to the other organs. DNA and RNA content were significantly higher in the 15% and 50% groups than in the 5% group but the differences disappeared when DNA and RNA were expressed per g of kidney weight. Protein and protein/g kidney content were increased with increasing level of protein in diet. GFR/animal and GFR/100gB. W. were significantly higher in the 50% group compared to the 5% and 15% groups. There was no differences in PAH clearence and RBF. Osmolality was not affected by dietary protein level. BUN and urinary nitrogen excretion were increased with the increasing dietary protein level. Although urinary Ca excretion was not significantly difference among 3 groups, the rats in the 5% group showed 30% less Ca excretion compared to the other groups. Above results suggest that dietary protein level has a great effect on the kidney weight and GFR in growing rats. Especially the hyperfiltration inhanced by high protein diet may accelerate the kidney senescence.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.219-225
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the inhibition mechanism of cancer cell proof iferation caused by the petroleum-ether extract of ginseng against human rectum (HRT-18), colon (HT-29), llepatoma (Hep G2) and prostate (LNCaP) cancer cells and monkey kidney cells (Vero 76). Cells were treated with the petroleum-ether extract of ginseng (50 to 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) in G1 or S phase of the cell cycle, and proliferation and protein kinase C activity were measured. The petroleum-eth or extract of ginseng inhibited proliferation of HRT-18, HT-29, Hep G2 and LNCaP when treated in Gl phase, but not in S phase. This result shows that the ginseng extract arrests the cell cycle in G1 phase, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation. At the same concentrations, treatment of the ginseng extract in G1 phase decreased protein kinase C activity, while the treatment in S phase had no effect. This reault suggests that protein kinase C might be involved in the inhibition of the cell cycle and proliferation of cancer cells caused by the petroleum-ether extract of ginseng.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.512-519
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• 1997

To investigate the energy, protein, lipid, and lactose intakes of breast-fed infants of lacto-ove-vegetarians, 25 infants(13 boys, 10 girls) were examined on the 0.5th, 1st, 2nd, and 3nd months of lactation. The amount of breast milk intake was determined by a test-weighing method, and the energy content of protein, lipid, and lactose was calculated using the Atwater factor. Thedaily energy intake for boys averaged 316, 436, 447, and 431kcal and that of girls averaged 284, 399, 401, and 390kcal during lactation, respectively. Average energy intake of boys from milk from 2nd week to the 3rd month postpartum was significantly higher than that of girls(p<0.05), because milk intake volume of boys was much higher than that of girls. The protein intake of boys on 2nd week-3rd month averaged 7.33g/day and that of girls averaged 6.29g/day. The lipid intake of 2nd week, months averaged 21.8g/day and that of girls averaged 20.1g/day. The lactose intake of boys averaged 45.48g/day, while that of girls averaged 41.09g/day. The mean intake of protein and lactose in boys was significantly higher than that of girls.