• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.386-391
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• 2007

Mercury contamination and its health effects have become major concern of environmental health study in Korea. Mercury exposure of some group were investigated to get the accurate data for policy making and study. About 2,000 children at 26 elementary schools participated in this survey to evaluate the exposure levels and to investigate main exposure source of mercury. Analysis of mercury levels in the whole blood and urine samples were conducted and questionnaire survey was done about the factors influencing exposures simultaneously. Mercury exposure levels of domestic children were N.D. to 17.26 ppb in blood, 0.17 to $21.67{\mu}g/g$-creatinine in urine. The mean(arithmetic) levels are 2.42 ppb in blood and $2.53{\mu}g/g$-creatinine in urine. Both of them were below the recommendation levels of US EPA and German CHBM I $5.8{\mu}g/l$ and $5{\mu}g/l$ in blood, $5{\mu}g/g$-creatinine of German CHBM I in urine. But 1%, 0.51% of levels in blood exceed the level of CHBM I and US EPA, 8%, 0.85% of children were over the level of CHBM I and CHBM II in urine. Multi-valuable regression analysis showed that the existence of road near the residence in addition to the preference for fish have significance with blood mercury exposure level of domestic children. The existence of factory near the house and the experience of dental amalgam treatment had statistical relations with urine mercury level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5307-5312
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• 2012

Introduction: Breast cancer cells and tumor stroma produce different cytokines and soluble factors. Cytokines, while playing crucial roles in immune responses to tumors, also favour tumor growth and progression. IL-7 and G-CSF are two cytokines that may exert influences on the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Sera were collected from 136 females with breast cancer before receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The control group comprised of 60 healthy age-matched females without any acute or chronic diseases with no family history of breast cancer. Serum levels of IL-7 and G-CSF were measured by commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: While there was no significant difference in the level of G-CSF between patients ($92.81{\pm}594.54$ pg/ml) and controls (0.00 pg/ml), G-CSF level in sera of patients with advanced stages of breast cancer was elevated compared to early stages (p=0.0001). Moreover, the highest level of G-CSF was seen in patients with N3 phase tumors (p=0.0001). IL-7 was slightly but not significantly higher in the control group ($0.04{\pm}0.11$ pg/ml) in comparison with patients ($0.02{\pm}0.10$ pg/ml). Interestingly, a significant increase in the level of IL-7 in patients with skin involvement was observed (p=0.001). Conclusion: Our results showed an elevation of G-CSF in sera of patients with advanced stages of tumor, while IL-7 elevation correlated with skin involvement of breast cancer. IL-7 can be produced by keratinocytes in skin tissue and may be involved in the pathologic establishment of metastatic tumor cells in skin.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.1724-1727
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• 2001

A trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and carcass characteristics of LW ${\times}$ Mukota $F_1$ crosses when fed diets containing graded levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen LW ${\times}$ Mukota $F_1$ crossbred pigs of approximately 4.5 months of age, were randomly allocated to four diets that contained 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cobs/kg, which corresponded to 276.4, 360.3, 402.9 and 523.5 g NDF/kg, respectively. The pigs were fed ad libitum for 14 weeks. The diets were formulated to contain similar levels of energy (ca. 9MJ ME/kg) and protein (ca.160 g CP/kg). Average daily feed intake (ADFI), daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored for 14 weeks. At slaughter, the cold dressed weight (CDM) and backfat thickness (BFT) were determined. There was no significant linear relationship (p>0.05) between level of cob inclusion and ADFI. The ADG decreased as level of maize cobs increased (p<0.001). The pigs that were on 300 g cobs/kg had the highest FCR (p<0.05) as compared to pigs on the other three diets. No differences (p>0.05) were observed in the CDM between pigs that were fed diets that had 0 and 100 g maize cobs/kg. In addition, pigs on 100 and 200 g cobs/kg diets had the same CDM (p>0.05). The diet that contained 300 g cobs/kg gave the lowest (p< 0.001) CDM. Both BFT parameters showed a decrease (p<0.05) as level of maize cobs increased. An increase in CDM was associated with an increase in BFT (p<0.001), with the correlation coefficient between K7.5 and CDM being 0.84 (p<0.001). It can, therefore, be concluded that crossbred pigs perform well on diets containing up to 200 g/kg maize cobs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 제5회 영호남 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.103-106
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• 2003

In this study, an ultrasonic transducer is fabricated with 1-3 type composite resonators. Pulse-echo responses of an ultrasonic transducer are investigated in underwater dependent on the variable designated water-level. LED Output signals of a level limit with changing a water level is obtained by the 1-3 type self-made composite transducer and electric measuring unit. LED is turned on at above the up-limit level with increasing a water level, and LED is turned on at less than the down-limit level with decreasing a water level. There was good agreement between the virtual water level and output LED signal by using the self-made water-detecting system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.16
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• pp.292-295
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• 2003

In this study, an ultrasonic transducer is fabricated with 1-3 type composite resonators. Pulse-echo responses of an ultrasonic transducer are investigated in underwater dependent on the variable designated water-level. LED Output signals of a level limit with changing a water level is obtained by the 1-3 type self-made composite transducer and electric measuring unit. LED is turned on at above the up-limit level with increasing a water level, and LED is turned on at less than the down-limit level with decreasing a water level. There was good agreement between the virtual level and output LED signal by using the self-made water-detecting system.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2020

이 연구는 G광역시 초등학교 교사의 국가수준 교육과정에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 연구를 위해 G광역시 초등학교 교사 124명의 설문조사 결과를 이용하였다. 연구결과, 초등학교 교사의 국가수준 교육과정 인식 평균점수는 3.48점, 국가수준 교육과정 인식에 대한 자기평가는 3.75점으로 국가수준 교육과정 인식에 대한 자기평가 점수가 국가수준 교육과정 인식보다 높게 나타났다. 또한 초등학교 교사들의 특성에 따른 인식 차이를 비교해 본 결과, 20학급 미만 학교에 근무하는 교사가 31학급 이상의 학교에 근무하는 교사보다 국가수준 교육과정 인식이 높고, 연구학교 경력이 있는 집단이 연구학교 경력이 없는 집단보다 높고, 연구 및 혁신학교 경력을 모두 가지고 있는 집단이 연구 또는 혁신학교 경험이 없는 집단보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 국가수준 교유과정에 영향을 미친 변인을 알기 위해 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 학교규모 변수가 13.1%의 설명력을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 교사들이 교육과정 개발과정에 접근할 수 있는 기회가 더 많이 제공될 때 국가수준 교육과정에 대한 인식이 향상될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.375-377
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• 2008

The KOMPSAT2 Terminal Polar Station was recently installed at near North Pole, Tromso, and Toulouse. The K2PS consists of one receiving station and two processing sites. The receiving station has been installed at SvalSat ($N78^{\circ}$, $E15^{\circ}$ ), and the two receiving sites have been installed at KSAT (Kongsberg Satellite Service AS), Tromso, Norway ($N69^{\circ}$ ,$E18^{\circ}$ ) and SISA, Toulouse, France ($N43^{\circ}$ ,$E1^{\circ}$ ). The products ofK2PS system can be classified to two categories: Level 1R product and Level 1G product. The Level 1R product is radiometric corrected product with RPC (Rational Polynomial Coefficients) and the Level 1G product is geometric corrected product with POD (Precise Orbit Data) and PAD (Precise Attitude Data) data based on Level 1R product. To meet a SISA (Spot Image SA)'s requirement, K2PS system has high performance product producing capability. This paper describes overall K2PS systems' production generation flow and the mass production test result of K2PS systems.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.719-731
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• 2011

국립해양조사원 39개소 조위관측소의 후빙기조륙운동(Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, GIA)에 의한 지각변동 속도를 ICE-3G와 ICE-5G 모델로 예측하였다. 또한 위도 $32^{\circ}-38.5^{\circ}N$, 경도 $124^{\circ}-132^{\circ}E$ 범위의 한반도 지역을 $0.5^{\circ}{\times}0.5^{\circ}$ 격자로 분할하고 각 격자점에서의 GIA 지각변동 속도를 계산하였다. 그 결과 ICE-3G 모델의 경우 한반도 GIA 수직 지각변동은 평균 0.33 mm/yr이고, ICE-5G 모델의 경우 평균 1.21 mm/yr의 속도로 지각변위가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 최신 Ice model인 ICE-5G 모델을 사용할 경우 한반도에서도 약 1 mm/yr 이상의 비교적 높은 GIA 수직 지각변동이 발생하므로 절대해수면 변동을 산정하기 위해서 GIA에 의한 수직변위를 보정해야 함을 확인하였다. 따라서 국립해양조사원에서 제공하는 13개 조위관측소의 상대해수면 변동률에서 ICE-5G 모델에 의한 GIA 지각변동 속도를 보정하여 절대해수면 변동률을 결정하였다. 절대해수면 상승속도를 분석한 결과 GIA 지각변동 속도를 보정한 절대해수면 변동률은 한반도 해역에서 평균 5.04 mm/yr의 상승속도를 나타냈으며, 제주 해역은 평균 8.84 mm/yr로 다른 해역보다 높은 이상 상승률을 나타냈다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.1005-1013
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• 2008

In this study, in order to analyze the air quality of the indoor environments of schools, we measured the indoor, outdoor and personal exposure concentration level of $PM_{10}$ for 40 classrooms(20 old, 20 new) in chungnam area from June 22 to July 19 and from November 21 to December 30, 2003. 1. Old classrooms contained more dust than new classrooms; the average of respirable dust is $43.27\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for new classrooms while $53.38\;{\mu}g/m^3$ for old one. The exposure concentration level of respirable dust in new classrooms were in summer higher outdoors than indoors. The values were indoors $46.71\;{\mu}g/m^3$, outdoors $50.46\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and personal $41.62\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Meanwhile in winter indoors had a higher concentration level than outdoors, the values being indoors $39.11\;{\mu}g/m^3$, outdoors $34.86\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and personal $49.01\;{\mu}g/m^3$. 2. Cr concentration level within dust was slightly higher in summer indoors ($101.50{\pm}32.10\;ng/m^3$) and outdoors ($100.89{\pm}35.18\;ng/m^3$) than winter indoors ($85.80{\pm}48.95\;ng/m^3$) and outdoors ($74.43{\pm}38.93\;ng/m^3$), but in personal concentration level, winter was higher. The results of this research show insufficient understanding of health risks from indoor air pollution, and shows possible health problems to students from school indoor air pollution. As such, a logical and systematic education program for students about the importance of indoor air quality should be carried out. Also the results of $PM_{10}$ concentration level measurements emphasize the need for regular measurements of indoor / outdoor and personal concentration level. New classrooms in particular needs to be used after measuring pollutants and safety, and requires installation of a ventilation device in all classrooms to improve air quality.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2002

This study was carried to identify whether acupuncture at several meridian points can affect the human anesthesia or not through the analysis of serum intermediates, such as, melatonin, serotonin, TSH, cortisol in human serum. We investigated the effect of accupuncture on the change of serum intermediates which have frequently been made a subject of discussion owing to its hyponic and sedative properties in practice. The result obtained were as follow ; 1. Serum melatonin levels was hardly affected at 40 minutes after general acupuncture on Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan, and the other meridian points as compared with that($5.64{\pm}1.02pg/ml$) of resting control group. But on day 1 after acupuncture, these tend to increase significantly ($7.95{\pm}2.05pg/ml$ to $8.21{\pm}1.57pg/ml$, p <0.05). On the other hand, control group under sleep showed the serum level of $7.39{\pm}1.03pg/ml$. Additional acupuncture at In-Dang induced the increased melatonin level, especially at 40minutes after acupuncture(p <0.05). 2. Serotonin level in resting control serum recorded $51.14{\pm}8.17{\mu}g/ml$. Acupuncture at determined meridian point intend to increase average level of serotonin, but not significant. However observation on day 1 after acupuncture at Hab-Gwan meridian point and under sleeping showed the significantly increased serotonin level, $74.05{\pm}35.83{\mu}g/ml$, $70.44{\pm}13.08{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. 3. TSH level in intact human serum recorded $0.85{\pm}0.24{\mu}IU/ml$. and the serum exposed to acupuncture showed the irregular pattern of TSH level in a mean range of $0.76{\pm}0.44{\mu}IU/ml$ to $1.06{\pm}0.38{\mu}IU/ml$, regardless of meridian point or time after acupuncture. 4. The values of serum cortisol in control group were $11.76{\pm}2.06{\mu}g/dl$ in resting, $7.51{\pm}2.85{\mu}/dl$ under sleep, respectively. The level of serum cortisol in 40minutes after acupuncture was markedly (p <0.05) reduced to the serum levels of $5.65{\pm}2.58{\mu}g/dl$ (Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), $7.58{\pm}3.21{\mu}g/dl$ (Gyo-Gam, Sin-Mun besides Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), $6.43{\pm}3.54{\mu}g/dl$ (In-Dang besides to Hab-Gog, Nae-Gwan), respectively, as compared with control, intending to increase a little on day 1 after acupuncture. From the above results, the analysis of serum intermediates suggest that acupunctuation at meridian points applied to at this study act upon the phase of light anaesthesia or hypnosis, at the same time affect pituitary-adrenal axis rather than hypothalamus-pituitary axis in the secretary system of hormone and also don't affect dorsal-raphe nucleus according to the observation of change transition in serum intermediates, such as TSH, serotonin, and cortisol.