• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.558-564
• /
• 2019

Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the metabolic syndrome that is often observed as a result of lipid abnormalities. It is associated with other lipids, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and liver disease. Korean red ginseng is known to affect obesity, dyslipidemia, liver disease and liver function, but the mechanism of its effect is not clear. This study examined the beneficial effects of hypertriglyceridemia and the mechanism of action of Jinan red ginseng extract (JRG) in hepatoma cells. To measure the levels of triglyceride accumulation, we studied the expression of proteins and mRNAs related to lipidogenesis in hepatoma cells (Huh7 and HepG2). JRG decreases the lipidogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ which are major regulators of triglyceride synthesis in hepatoma cells. We also found that JRG reduced sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), C/EBPα and C/EBPβ by regulating liver X receptor (LXR) and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) expressions. In addition, the first-limited step of synthesis triglyceride (TG), glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is decreased by JRG. These results suggest that the anti-hypertriglyceride effect of JRG in hepatoma cells could be accompanied with the inhibition of lipidogenic transcription factors by regulating LXR and SCD expression.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 1977

We have investigated for amino acid composition and molecular weight of the sunflower main protein which was purfied by Sephadex column. The results were obtained as fellow. 1. The salt-soluble sunflower proteins were highly dispersible in 0.02M sodium phosphate buffer, containing 10% sodium chloride. 2. The sunflower proteins were characterized by comparatively high levels of essential amino acids. 3. Seven bands of component of sunflower proteins were found in disc electrophoretic gel column. 4. The sunflower main protein was purified by Sephadex G-150 and A-25 column chromatography 5. The molecular weight was estimated 86,000 for the sunflower main protein.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2017

This study investigated the effect of centrifugation on tryptic digestion. This was done by applying different centrifugation speeds (6,000, 8,000, 10,000, 20,000, and $30,000{\times}g$) over various durations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) to digest two model proteins - cytochrome c and myoglobin. The intact proteins and resulting peptides were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Centrifugation greatly improved the tryptic digestion efficiency of cytochrome c, where either an increase in centrifugation speed or in digestion duration significantly improved the digestion of cytochrome c. However, centrifugation did not noticeably improve the digestion of myoglobin; 16 h of centrifuge-assisted tryptic digestion at $30,000{\times}g$ barely removed the myoglobin protein peak. Similar results were also obtained when using conventional tryptic digestion with gentle mixing. When acetonitrile (ACN) was added to make 10% ACN buffer solutions, the myoglobin protein peak disappeared after 6 h of digestion using both centrifuge-assisted and conventional tryptic digestions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1403-1410
• /
• 2014

Epigenetic regulators like histone deacetylases (1 and 2), and viral onco-proteins (E6/E7) are known to be overexpressed in cervical cancer cells. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of curcumin on HDACs (1 and 2) and HPV E6/E7 in the cervical cancer cell line SiHa and a drug resistant clone $SiHa^R$ (derived from SiHa). It was further intended to investigate whether curcumin could sensitize the cells towards cisplatin induced cell killing by modulation of multi drug resistant proteins like MRP1 and Pgp1. Curcumin inhibited HDACs, HPV expression and differentially increased acetylation and up-regulation of p53 in SiHa and $SiHa^R$, leading to cell cycle arrest at G1-S phase. Up-regulation of pRb, p21, p27 and corresponding inhibition of cyclin D1 and CDK4 were observed. Cisplatin resistance in $SiHa^R$ due to over-expression of MRP1 and Pgp1 was overcome by curcumin. Curcumin also sensitized both the cervical cancer cells towards cisplatin induced cell killing. Inhibition of HDACs and HPVs led to cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase by alteration of cell cycle regulatory proteins. Suppression of MRP1 and Pgp1 by curcumin resulted in sensitization of cervical cancer cells, lowering the chemotherapeutic dose of the drug cisplatin.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.43-52
• /
• 1998

The embryogenesis stimulating activity(ESA) had been shown in co-culture of embryos with bovine oviduct epithelial cell(BOEC) and culture in BOEG-conditioned medium. The present study was undertaken to purify and quantify the embryotropic proteins and to determine the optimum concentration of the embryotropic protein for the proper development of embryos. In BOEC-conditioned medium, five major bands of proteins were detected(66, 53, 40, 32 and 24 kDa) by SDS-PAGE. From these proteins, 288pg of protein that had a 32kDa molecular weight was purified by gel filtration column and perfusion chromatography ion-exchange column. When purified protein was supplemented to the in vitro culture media at various concentrations in protein-free media, 2.5$\mu$g /ml supplement group showed significantly higher rates of embryo development into morula /blastocyst stages than other groups(p<0.05). In conclusion, we purified 32kDa protein from BOEC-conditioned medium and this protein showed optimum embryogenesis stimulating effect at 2.5$\mu$g /ml.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 1984

Effects of protein-sources on Kimchi fermentation and on the stability of ascorbic acid were investigated at $7{\pm}1^{\circ}C.$ Kimchi samples with various protein sources showed the higher pH and total acidity through the fermentation period than kimchi without the proteins. The results revealed that the proteins have acted as good buffer and lactobacilli-growth enhancer in the fermentation, and the milk proteins showed the most significant effect among the samples. The lactobacilli were at the highest growth at 15th day in all the samples. The amounts and changes in ascorbic acid content during the fermentation did not differ significantly between the control and protein added samples. The fresh, unfermented kimchi contained 14.5-15.7mg of ascorbic acid per 100g of sample and decreased continuously by the 12th day of fermentation. After then the vitamin increased in all the samples and then again decreased slowly after 18th day. The contents of ascorbic acid at the end of the 3 weeks-fermentation(16.3-17.3mg/100g) were still higher than the contents of fresh, unfermented kimchi.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.12
• /
• pp.2005-2017
• /
• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population and is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Despite current therapeutics including intensified glycemic control and blood pressure lowering agents, renal disease continues to progress relentlessly in diabetic patients, albeit at a lower rate. Since synthetic drugs for diabetes are known to have side effects, fungal mushrooms as a natural product come into preventing the development of diabetes. Our previous report showed the hypoglycemic effect of extracellular fungal polysaccharides (EPS) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of rat kidney proteins from normal, STZ-induced diabetic, and EPS-treated diabetic rats, to discover diabetes-associated proteins in rat kidney. The results of proteomic analysis revealed that up to 500 protein spots were visualized, of which 291 spots were differentially expressed in the three experimental groups. Eventually, 51 spots were statistically significant and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Among the differentially expressed renal proteins, 10 were increased and 16 were decreased significantly in diabetic rat kidney. The levels of different proteins, altered after diabetes induction, were returned to approximately those of the healthy rats by EPS treatment. A histopathological examination showed that EPS administration restored the impaired kidney to almost normal architecture. The study of protein expression in the normal and diabetic kidney tissues enabled us to find several diabetic nephropathy-specific proteins, such as phospholipids scramblase 3 and tropomyosin 3, which have not been mentioned yet in connection with diabetes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.767-771
• /
• 2005

Expression in yeast may prove more amenable to generating large amounts of viral antigens for a vaccine candidate. We, therefore, cloned the gene encoding the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) structural proteins (C-El-E2, c740) fused in-frame with, and immediately 3' to, the chicken-lysozyme signal peptide (C-SIG) gene and under the control of the yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter. In yeast, the HCV structural proteins were expressed in two different forms: a processed and a nonprocessed aggregated form. Biophysical characterization by sucrose linear gradient centrifugation revealed that both forms were present in the same fractions with a buoyant density of 1.127-1.176 g/$cm^3$. These findings suggest that the efficient synthesis of HCV structural proteins in yeast may be an important tool to study virus assembly and may lead to the development of an HCV vaccine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1496-1502
• /
• 2006

Skeletal muscle contains slow and fast twitch fibers. These skeletal muscle fibers express type I and type II myosin, respectively, and these myosin isoenzymes have different ATPase activity. The aim of this study was to investigate protein profiles of bovine skeletal muscles by proteomic analysis. Fifty seven spots of distinct proteins were excised and characterized. The expression of sixteen spots was differed in longissimus dorsi muscle with a minimal 2-fold change compared to biceps femoris muscle. The majority of differentially expressed proteins belonged to metabolic regulation-related proteins such as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase and carbonic anhydrase 3. The real time-PCR assay confirmed an increase or induction of specific genes: RGS12TS isoform, GAPDH, triosephosphate isomerase and carbonic anhydrase. These results suggest that the expression of metabolic proteins is under a specific control system in different bovine skeletal muscle. These observations could have significant implications for understanding the physiological regulation of bovine skeletal muscles.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2022

Conserved domains are defined as recurring units in molecular evolution and are commonly used to interpret the molecular function and biochemical structure of proteins. Herein, the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) amino acid sequences of three species of the Ipomoea genus [Ipomoea trifida, I. triloba, and I. batatas (L.) Lam. (sweetpotato)] were identified to investigate their physicochemical and biochemical characteristics. The molecular weight, isoelectric point, instability index, and grand average of hyropathy markedly differed among the three species. The aliphatic index values of sweetpotato AGPase proteins were higher in the small subunit than in the large subunit. The AGPase proteins from sweetpotato were found to contain an LbH_G1P_AT_C domain in the C-terminal region and various domains (NTP_transferase, ADP_Glucose_PP, or Glyco_tranf_GTA) in the N-terminal region. Conversely, most of its two relatives (I. trifida and I. triloba) were found to only contain the NTP_transferase domain in the N-terminal region. These findings suggested that these conserved domains were species-specific and related to the subunit types of AGPase proteins. The study may enable research on the AGPase-related specific characteristics of sweetpotatoes that do not exist in the other two species, such as starch metabolism and tuberization mechanism.