• 암석학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2016

거창지역의 쥬라기 화강암에서 발달하는 결의 특성을 분석하였다. 3개 면 및 3개 결에 대한 평가는 (1) 간격의 값 그리고 길이의 값 사이의 감소비율, (2) 미세균열의 간격의 빈도수(N), (3) 총 간격($1mm{\geq}$), (4) 지수의 상수(a), (5) 지수(${\lambda}$)의 크기, (6) 평균 간격($S_{mean}$), (7) 평균 간격과 중앙 간격($S_{median}$) 사이의 차이 값($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) 및 (8) 간격의 밀도(${\rho}$)와 같은 파라미터를 이용하여 수행하였다. 특히 상기 간격의 파라미터 그리고 간격-누적빈도 도표에서 도출한 파라미터 사이의 밀접한 상관성을 도출하였다. 3개 채석면 그리고 3개 결을 대변하는 판별요소들은 이러한 상호 대비를 통하여 획득하였다. 이 연구의 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 3개 결에 대한 빈도수, 평균값, 중앙값, 상기 차이값($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) 및 밀도의 감소비율은 G(2번 결, (G1 + G2)/2) < H(3번 결, (H1 + H2)/2) $\ll$ R(1번 결, (R1 + R2)/2), H < G $\ll$ R, H < G $\ll$ R, H < G < R 및 H < G $\ll$ R의 순이다. 3개 면에 대한 상기 5개 파라미터의 값은 R'(1번 면) $\ll$ H'(3번 면) < G'(2번 면), R' $\ll$ G'< H', R' < H' < G', R' < G' < H' 및 R' $\ll$ H' < G'의 다양한 순을 각각 보여준다. 둘째, (I) 파라미터(2, 3, 4 및 5) 및 (II) 파라미터(6, 7 및 8)의 값은 (I) H < G < R 및 (II) R < G < H의 순서이다. 반면에 3개 면에 대한 상기 두 그룹(I~II)의 파라미터의 값은 역순을 보여준다. 셋째, 여섯도표 사이의 전체적인 배열 특성을 살펴보면, 이들 도표들은 관계도에서 R2 < R1 < G2 < G1 < H2 < H1의 순을 보여 준다. 즉, 상기 여섯 도표는 1번 결(R1 + R2) < 2번 결(G1 + G2) < 3번 결(H1 + H2)의 순으로 요약될 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 미세균열의 간격과 관련된 결의 상대적인 강도를 지시한다. 특히 각 도표의 두 파라미터, 상기 차이값($S_{mean}-S_{median}$) 그리고 평균 간격은 도표 사이의 배열 순위의 예측에 대한 사전 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 3개 면 그리고 3개 결의 종합도를 작성하였다. 관계도에서, 3개 결에 대한 3개 지수 직선의 순서는 R(R1 + R2) < G(G1 + G2) < H(H1 + H2)의 순을 보여준다. 반면에, 3개 면에 대한 3개 지수 직선은 H'(R2 + G2) < G'(R1 + H2) < R'(G1 + H1)의 순을 보여준다. 따라서 관계도로 부터 3개 면 및 3개 결 사이의 상호 역순의 상관성을 도출할 수 있다.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2005

포천 지역에 분포하는 쥬라기 화강암을 대상으로 미세균열 분포특성이 화강암의 역학적 성질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 3종의 방향성 시편을 대상으로 일축압축시험이 실시되었으며, 각 시편은R(riftplane), G(grain plane) 및 H(hardway plane) 축에 각각 직각이다. 다양한 탄성 상수 중, 3 방향에 따른 포아송비의 변화가 검토되었다 파괴 강도 비-포아송비의 관계도에서 포아송비의 범위는 H-시편에서 가장 높은 분포양상을 보이며 G-시편, R-시편의 순으로 감소한다. 분포곡선은 $I\simIII$ 단계에서는 거의 선형이며, IV-3 단계에서는 기울기의 급격한 증가를 보인다. 관계도에서 보는바와 같이 파괴강도비 $0.92\sim0.96$에서 변곡점이 형성된다. IV-3단계는 탄성 영역의 밖에 속한다. 4단계의 파괴단계에서의 거동은 응력-체적변형율 곡선에서 분석되었다 암석의 거동을 지배하는 응력증분-체적변형율 방정식에서 특징적인 재료상수인 a, n, Q, m 및 $\varepsilon_v^{mcf}$가 결정되었다. 이들 상수중에서 미세균열의 폐합영역( I 단계)에서 고유의 미세균열의 공극률$(a, 10^{-3})$ 그리고 압축지수(n)는 각각 $a^R(3.82)>a^G(3.38)>a^H(2.32)$ 그리고 $n^R(3.69)>n^G(2.79)>n^H(1.99)4의 순서로 나타난다. 특히 IV 단계의 미세균열의 임계체적변형율($\varepsilon_v^{mcf}$)은 3번 면에 수직인 H-시편에서 가장높게 나타난다. 이러한 결과에서 포아송비 및 재료상수와 같은 역학적 성질은 2 조의 미세균열과 밀접한 관계를 보이고있다. 강도 이방성과 미세균열의 방향성과의 상관성은 암석의 파괴 연구에 주요하게 적용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.779-878
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• 2004

This study was conducted to analyze the operating conditions of predenitrification process to improve the treatment efficiency in low organic loading sewage plant in use today, and to investigate the treatment efficiency of pilot plant added night soil as well as the nitrogen removal characteristics of pilot plant added carbon sources. In the operation under the condition of $BOD_{5}$ sludge load 0.03-0.28kg $BOD_{5}$/kg VSS/d and oxic ammoniac nitrogen sludge load 0.02-0.24 $kgNH_{4}^{+}$-N/kg MLVSS/d, nitrification efficiency is higher than 95%. In order to achieve 70% nitrogen removal at the T-N sludge loading 0.06kg T-N/kg VSSㆍd and the SRT 6～11 days, optimum operating factors were revealed to $CODc_{r}$/T-N ratio 9, recycle ratio 2.6, and denitrification volume ratio 0.33. At this time, denitrification capacity was approximately 0.09 kg $NO_{3}^{-}$-N/kg $CODc_{r}$; specific nitrification rate was 3.4mg $NH_{4}^{+}$-N/g MLVSS/hr; and specific denitrification rate was 4.8mg $NO_{3}^{-}$-N/g MLVSS/hr.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

Near-fault ground motions are characterized by high values of the ratio between the peak of vertical and horizontal ground accelerations, which can significantly affect the nonlinear response of a base-isolated structure. To check the effectiveness of different base-isolation systems for retrofitting a r.c. framed structure located in a near-fault area, a numerical investigation is carried out analyzing the nonlinear dynamic response of the fixed-base and isolated structures. For this purpose, a six-storey r.c. framed building is supposed to be retrofitted by insertion of an isolation system at the base for attaining performance levels imposed by current Italian code in a high-risk seismic zone. In particular, elastomeric (e.g., high-damping-laminated-rubber bearings, HDLRBs) and friction (e.g., steel-PTFE sliding bearings, SBs, or friction pendulum bearings, FPBs) isolators are considered, with reference to three cases of base isolation: HDLRBs acting alone (i.e., EBI structures); in-parallel combination of HDLRBs and SBs (i.e., EFBI structures); FPBs acting alone (i.e., FPBI structures). Different values of the stiffness ratio, defined as the ratio between the vertical and horizontal stiffnesses of the HDLRBs, sliding ratio, defined as the global sliding force divided by the maximum sliding force of the SBs, and in-plan distribution of friction coefficient for the FPs are investigated. The EBI, EFBI and FPBI base-isolation systems are designed assuming the same values of the fundamental vibration period and equivalent viscous damping ratio. The nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out with reference to near-fault earthquakes, selected and scaled on the design hypotheses adopted for the test structures.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 1998년도 제17회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

In this paper we show design and operation of 1MWth pulverized coal combustion test facility. The test facility is consists of coal feeding system, furnace and flue gas treatment system. The furnace is equipped with a top-fired burner in order to avoid influence of gravity on the coal particles. There are two part of vertical(VP) and horizontal pass(HP) at furnace. We can measure temperature and species of coal flames in vertical pass. Also, there is horizontally arranged section where investigation regarding corrosion and deposit formation will be carried out. The burner of combustor was externally air staging burner(EASB) type made by IFRF. The pulverized high bituminous(Blair athol) coal from Australia was used as fuel, and the particle size less than 80 ${\mu}m$ was 83.4%. Overall excess air ratio was 1.2.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.328-334
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• 1997

Pharmacokinetics of DWP401, a recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF), was studied using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and $^{125}I$-DWP401 in rats. When DWP401 was adm inistered i.v. at doses of 50 and 500 mcg/kg, the plasma DWP401 disappeared biiexponentially with terminal half life of 4.7 and 92.8 min. The $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ after s.c. administration of ti at doses of 50 and 500 ${\mu}g$/kg were determined to be 23.6 and 17.5 ng/ml at 50 ${\mu}g$/kg, and 261.4 ng/ml and 36.8 min, respectively. Both the total urinary and biliary recoveries of intact DWP401 2343 very low (<0.4%), probably due to its extensive degradation in the body. the concentration ratio of DWP401 between the organ and plasma decreased especially in the liver and kidney as the dose and time after the dose increased. For example, the liver/plasma and kidney/plasma concentration ratio of DWP401 at 2.5 min after i.v. doses of 50 ${\mu}g$/kg were comparable and much larger than unity. But, the ratio at 2.5 min after i.v. doses of 500${\mu}g$/kg was much larger in the kidney that in than in the liver. These results suggest that the systemic administration of DWP401 might be subject to rapid and extensive clearance from circulation within several hour after main distrbution to liver and kidney.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1483-1484
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• 2013

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.133-136
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• 1997

The human chromosome analysis is widely used to diagnose genetic disease and various congenital anomalies. Many researches on automated chromosome karyotype analysis has been carried out, some of which produced commercial systems. However, there still remains much room or improving the accuracy of chromosome classification. In this paper, We propose an optimal pattern classifier by neural network to improve the accuracy of chromosome classification. The proposed pattern classifier was built up of multi-step multi-layer neural network(MMANN). We reconstructed chromosome image to improve the chromosome classification accuracy and extracted three morphological features parameters such as centromeric index(C.I.), relative length ratio(R.L.), and relative area ratio(R.A.). This Parameters employed as input in neural network by preprocessing twenty human chromosome images. The experiment results show that the chromosome classification error is reduced much more than that of the other classification methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.718-724
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• 1998

Twelve gilts were used to investigate the effect of lysine to protein ratio (5.2 g lysine/100 g CP vs. 6.7 g lysine/100 g CP) in practical diets on nitrogen retention and the efficiency of utilization in growing pigs. Treatments involved 2 levels of dietary lysine (5.2 or 6.7 g/100 g CP) and 3 levels of dietary crude protein (11, 14 and 17% in diet). Nitrogen retention was greatest when pigs were fed the control diet containing 17% protein. Nitrogen retention progressively increased as dietary protein increased (p < 0.01), but it was not affected by lysine concentration (g/100 g CP). Apparent biological value (ABV, nitrogen retained/apparently digestible nitrogen) was estimated to be ~50% at the maximum nitrogen retention. ABV was not affected by lysine concentration, but declined (p < 0.05) as the dietary protein level increased. The efficiency of intake N used for maximum nitrogen retention was approximately 44%. One gram of lysine supported approximately 9 to 10 g apparent protein accretion (nitrogen retention ${\times}$ 6.25/lysine intake) in pigs fed control diets. The efficiency of lysine utilization for protein accretion was lower in pigs fed high-lysine diets (6.7 g lysine/l00 g CP) so that 1 g of lysine accounted for 7 to 8 g of protein accretion in these pigs (p < 0.01). The lysine required to support maximum nitrogen retention in pigs fed high-lysine diets was higher than that in pigs fed control diets, which suggests that lysine was over-fortified relative to crude protein, since practical diets can not be formulated without excess of some amino acids. In summary the concentration of 5.2 g total lysine/100 g CP in diet is more appropriate for corn-soybean diets than the commonly suggested the content of 6.7 g total lysine/100 g CP.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.757-762
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• 2008

In this study, korean wheat composite flour and dough were prepared with 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6% Nelumbo nucifera G. tea powder(NNTP). The samples and a control were then compared qualitatively in terms of moisture, protein, ash, and wet gluten content. The farinogram, amylogram, and extensogram characteristics of the dough were also examined, in order to determine the optimal ratio of NNTP for the formulation. According to our results, the moisture content of the flour decreased with increasing NSPP content, whereas its protein and ash content, resistance, and R/E ratio at 135 min of extensogram increased. The NNTP samples had a significantly higher water absorption and weakness of farinogram and maximum resistance at 45, 90, and 135 min. Additionally, samples had an R/E ratio at 45 min of extensogram, 90 min less than the control group. However, stability of the farinogram, temperature of maximum and maximum viscosity of the amylogram, and extensibility of the extensogram showed the reverse effect. The control and NNTP samples showed significant differences in gelatinization beginning temperature of the amylogram, while development time of the farinogram was not significantly different. With regard to the extensogram characteristics of the dough, the area of the control and 1.5% NNTP increased with increasing testing time, whereas at 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% NNTP, extensibility, and resistance, maximum resistance, and R/E ratio of control and NNTP samples decreased. An area of 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% NNTP and extensibility of 1.5% NNTP were not significantly different among the testing times. In conclusion, these results show that 1.5% NNTP may prove very useful as a substitute for korean wheat flour where the production of korean wheat white bread is concerned. It may also provide good nutritional and functional properties.