• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1997

The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims at analyzing relationships between college life adoption, self-efficacy, and self-esteem in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene to explore the ways to prevent college dropouts and promote and support college life adaptation. Methods: This study was made with the use of a self-completion questionnaire with 200 undergraduate students, aged 19 or older, majored in dental hygiene in three colleges situated in Gyeonggi-do, from September 02 to 11, 2019. The results were analyzed using the SPSS Program Version 22.0. Results: First, the degree of college life adaptation in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene was found to be the highest, in those who were under 20 years old and first grade, decided to major in dental hygiene because of 'its aptitude and future career', and graduated from general high school and with a high economic level. Second, the degree of college life adoption was found to be the highest in the third grade in terms of social adaptation, and of the first grade was higher than the second grade. Third, as for the degree of attachment to college, it was revealed to be the highest in those decided to major in dental hygiene because of 'its aptitude and future career', and the degrees of academic adaptation, emotional adaptation, and attachment to college were found to be higher in general high school graduates than specialized high school graduates. Fourth, the factor having the most significant influence on college life adaptation in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene was found to be self-efficacy, followed by self-esteem and economic level. Conclusion: From these results, it is possible to assume that when developing programs to prevent college dropouts in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene, it should consider their high schools, school grades, and motivations to decide to major in dental hygiene. In addition, in order to take an educational approach to raise self-esteem and self-efficacy in career decision making to raise the degree of college life adaptation.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2019

This study is aim to the effects of job satisfaction on the major satisfaction of science and engineering college students and also analyzed the mediating effects of future outlook of job and major relevance in career choice. To do this, structural equation modeling(SEM) and multi-group SEM were applied to data from 2016 Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey(GOMS). In the results of this study, the major satisfaction, future outlook of job and major relevance were positive effects on job satisfaction and the mediating effects of future outlook of job and major relevance were verified. And results of analysis according to gender difference, the coefficient of woman was smaller than man. Among major satisfaction had a positive effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction fell for women who value their relevance to the major when choosing a job. Based on such results, universities need to further strengthen their role in helping them enhance their expertise through skills and learning about their majors.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

This study was the study verifying dental technicians' motivation and job satisfaction in Seoul through the positive method as well as its purposes were to investigated the effect of dental technicians manpower supply/demand prospect on motivation, job satisfaction and the effect of other job satisfaction factors on dental technicians motivation and job satisfaction. For then, general characteristics of study objects were classified by sex, married/unmarried, age, career, salary, highest level of education, working place, position and job as well as job satisfaction factors were classified with future supply/demand prospect, future prospect, working hours, working environment and salary. We conducted a frequency analysis, crossing analysis and multi-linear regression analysis about the effect of the classified articles on motivation and job satisfaction. Also, for verifying the relationship of motivation and job satisfaction, we conducted correlation analysis and its result is as followed. First, it showed that the job related with making orthodontic appliance influenced on motivation, among the age, career and job of the general characteristics, and other jobs between working place and job influenced on job satisfaction. Second, the dark future prospect was showed to influence on motivation and job satisfaction highly so we could grasp that negative opinions are included in that. And low-paying was showed to highly influence on job satisfaction s fall so we could grasp the subjective low-salary standard at the present. But we expected that the manpower supply/demand prospect would influence on motivation and job satisfaction but there was little influence. Third, the correlation between motivation and job satisfaction was showed to be somewhat high, motivation had the standard which is above average and job satisfaction had the standard which is below the average. So with a little improving of job satisfaction, it s possible that motivation can be very high. Therefore, in rapidly changing generation, we think that the dental technicians are actively coping with the reality of low-paying and high-working. But it's implying that anxiety for uncertain future was reflected. Furthermore, because institutional strategies for dental technicians' efficient management are insufficient in relation with policies so it's necessary the policy consideration for solve the job-unsatisfying factors actively.

• 대한간호
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.39-52
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• 1992

As society has changed, the demand for improved health care has increased. To keep up with this type of social need, professional nursing care is seeking to efficiently satisfy the care needs of human beings. The goal of clinical nurse is to meet nursing care needs of patients. This study was designed to survey attitudes of nursing profession of clinical nurses. The following specific 5 objectives were investigated and the attitudes of clinical nurses were determined. 1. The social position of nursing as a profession. 2. Factors influencing the development of nursing. 3. The future of nursing. 4. Their work. 5. Job satisfaction. The subjects consisted of 120 nurses who are working at 5 general hospital over 150 beds Ill CHONG NAM. The nurses were surveyed by means of a questionnaire from May 24 to Jun 15, 1992. The tool used for this study was based on earlier work by Lee, Nam Hi(1978) and Kim, Myong Hee(1984). Computer was used for Data Analysis. Frequency and Percentage were used to examine the genera] characteristics of the subjects. ANOV A and t.test were used to test the relation in characteristics of the subjects and attitudes Loward nursing prfession. The finding of this study were as follows; 1. Social position of nursing as a profession; The response with the highest agreement was "The professional nursing organization is less power. ful than the other professional organization" 3.333 points, and the response with the lowest agreement was "Nursing get a big salary" 2.225 points. 2. Factors influencing the development of nursing; the response with the highest agreement was "Hospital environment should be improved" 4.267 points, and the response with the lowest agreement was "Nurses satisfaction with salary"2.175 points. 3. The future of nursing; the response with the highest agreement was "Along the deveiopmem of science technique will be elevated educational state and graduate to needed in nursing" 3.958 points, and showed generally positive response toward the future of nursing. 4. Their work; the response with the highest agreement was "Work loading due to nursing staff insufficient" 4. 308 points, the response with the lowest agreement was "Nurses are unkind to patient" 2.508 points. 5. The subject's view regarding job satisfaction;it showed that "Interpersonal nursing staffs" 3.508 points, showed generally unsatisfactory response toward job satisfaction. 6. The relationship between the subject's attitudes toward professional nursing and general characteristics showed a significant difference statistically in regard to the field of work(P<.05). 7. The relationship between general characteristics and the subject's attitudes toward factors influencing the development of nursing showed a significant difference statistically in regard to the age and the status of position(P<.05). The subject's attitude toward the future of nursing showed a significant difference statistically in regard to the age and the period of nursing career and the field of work(P<.05, P<.005). The subject's attitude toward the job satisfaction showed a significant difference statistically in regard to the age and the period of nursing career and the status of position and the field of work(P<.005).

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2013

특성화 고등학교(이하 특성화고)의 교육 목적은 행복한 직업인이 되기 위한 직업 기초능력의 배양에 있고, 학생들은 배운 직업 기초능력을 토대로 사회에 진출하여 자신의 적성과 흥미, 가치관에 맞는 직업을 찾아야 한다. 그래서 특성화고의 목적 달성과 비전제시를 정확히 하기 위해 정부가 많은 노력을 하고 있으며, 정부 주도의 구조 지향적 방향 제시는 사회구조와 개인의 인식에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 다가오는 선진 한국 사회에서 직업인으로서 행복하게 살아가기 위하여 사회구조의 핵심이 될 수 있는 사회편견(차별)과 인식이 전환되어야 하고, 그 해결점은 배우는 학생의 올바른 가치관 형성과 더불어 그들이 안정적인 미래를 보장 받을 수 있는 직업선택의 구조를 만들어 주는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다. 본 연구는 목적을 벗어난 무조건적 진학 위주의 특성화고 문제점을 안고 있는 조경과 학생들을 대상으로 기능인력 양성 만족도에 관한 분석을 수행하고자, 조경과가 설치된 전국 11개 지역의 특성화고 교육계획서, 공통으로 배우고 있는 교과서, 특성화고 직업교육 정책과 관련한 정부간행물, 특성화고에서 조경을 전공하고 있는 학생들의 설문조사를 활용하였다. 그 결과, 교육계획서 분석을 통하여 각 학교별 교과 및 직업교육과정에 대한 프로그램 유형과 빈도를 알 수 있었고, 교과서 내용 분석에서는 취업 시 필요한 전문적인 기능을 양성할 수 있는 교과서 내용의 수준과 가감의 필요성을 확인하였다. 또한, 교육과학기술부의 특성화고 직업교육 정책 분석에서 직업교육 과정 및 체제의 특징을 밝혔으며, 11개 학교 조경전공 학생들의 설문 조사를 통해 교육계획서, 교과서, 정부직업정책, 진로선택으로 나누어, 실제 학교에서 교육 수요자인 학생들이 느끼고 있는 진로 직업교육에 대한 비교 분석을 하였다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.72-93
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 중학생들에게 자신의 소질과 적성에 부합한 직업계고 진학 선택에 필요한 정보를 제공하는 진로교육 체계 구축에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 경기도 중학생의 고등학교 진학 관련 정보 획득 방법, 일반고 및 직업계고에 대한 이해도와 정보 필요도, 직업계고 제공 진로교육 지원 활동 실태 및 효과(진로 선택 도움 정도)를 분석하는 것을 연구 문제로 설정하였다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 설문지를 개발하여 경기도 소재 중학교 627개교, 3학년 4,459명을 대상으로 설문조사 및 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경기도 중학생의 고등학교 진학 정보를 획득하는 방법은 1순위 인터넷 검색(42.0%), 2순위 가족 및 친구와 상담(25.5%), 3순위 선생님과 상담(24.0%)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 직업계고 진학 정보를 획득하는 방법은 1순위 직업계고 운영 학교(학과)설명회(39.4%), 2순위 직업계고 견학(24.9%), 3순위 직업계고 교사와의 상담(15.7%)이 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 경기도 중학생의 진로 희망 유형별 고등학교 이해도(5점 만점)와 정보 필요도(5점 만점)는 일반고 진학 희망 학생의 경우, 이해도 3.65, 정보 필요도 3.67, 이해도와 정보 필요도의 차이는 0.02이고, 직업계고 진학 희망 학생의 경우, 이해도 2.92, 정보 필요도 3.25, 이해도와 정보 필요도의 차이는 0.33으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경기도 중학생의 직업계고 제공 진로교육 지원 활동에 대한 참여 실태는 전체 79.4%가 참여하고 있다. 이 중에서 참여 비율이 높은 활동은 직업계고 홍보 및 안내서(책자, 브로셔 등) 90.3%, 중학교 교실로 찾아오는 직업계고 학교설명회 87.8%, 직업계고 홍보 및 안내 동영상 시청 85.9% 등의 순으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 활동이 중학생에게 진로 선택에 도움을 주는 정도는 3.45이고, 도움을 주는 정도는 일반고 진학 희망 학생보다 직업계고 진학 희망 학생에게 0.13만큼 더 높게 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 고등학교 맥락에서 과학 학습 동기가 높은 학생이 과학 학업 성취도가 오르게 되는지 또는 역으로 과학 학업 성취도가 높은 학생이 과학 학습 동기가 오르게 되는지의 인과 관계를 살펴보고, 이러한 두 요인들이 학생의 이공계 진로 동기에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 2021년 2학기에 서울시 소재 1개 일반계고등학교 1학년 학생을 대상으로 동일 시간 간격으로 3회의 과학 학습 동기 검사를 실시하였고, 마지막 검사 시기에 이공계 진로 동기 검사 역시 실시하였다. 총 171명의 학생 중간고사 및 기말고사 성적을 포함한 자기회귀 교차지연(autoregressive cross-lagged) 모형을 구성하고 적합하였다. 연구 모형은 높은 측정안정성과 적합도를 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 자기회귀 경로와 교차지연 경로는 모두 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 다만 표준화 회귀 계수의 크기는 과학 학습 동기에서 학업 성취도로 향하는 경로가 그 역의 경로보다 큰 편이었다. 이공계 진로 동기로 향하는 경로 중 기말고사 성적은 유의미한 직접 효과를 나타내지 않았으며, 3차 과학 학습 동기 점수만이 유의미한 직접 효과를 나타내었다. 간접효과의 경우 학기 초의 1차 과학 학습 동기가 기말고사 성적 및 이공계 진로 동기에 이르기까지 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 기말고사 성적은 3차 과학 학습 동기 점수를 매개로 이공계 진로 동기에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 그러나 기말고사 성적은 이공계 진로 동기에 유의미한 총 효과를 지니지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 과학 학습 동기와 과학 학업 성취도 간의 상호적이면서도 순환적인 인과관계와 함께, 그 가운데 과학 학습 동기가 높은 학생이 과학 성취도가 오르게 되는 효과가 그 역보다 크다는 점을 보여준다. 연구 결과로써 고등학교에서 과학 학습 동기의 중요성을 재확인하였다. 고등학교에서 학기 초, 중, 후반에 과학 학습 동기를 증진시키기 위한 교수적 함의를 논의하였으며, 후속 연구로서 고등학생의 과학 학습 동기와 학업 성취도가 향후 이공계 직업 생활에 미치는 영향에 대한 종단 연구를 제안하였다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 청소년들의 4차 산업혁명의 인식 부족과 게임에 나타난 직업의 표현 양상 부족을 주장하고 게임을 통한 미래 유망 직업 직업교육을 제안한다. 다양한 선행연구들을 통해 4차 산업혁명에 따른 직업의 변화 청소년들의 직업교육 실태와 한계, 온라인게임의 교육적 효과 등을 검토하고 미래 유망 직업 관점에서 게임에 나타난 직업의 표현 양상 연구를 진행한 결과, 현재 모바일 시뮬레이션 게임 주인공 속 나타난 직업은 200개의 게임 중 45개에 불과했다. 미래 유망 직업의 직무를 살린 온라인게임의 양상과 청소년들의 희망 직업 순위 속 미래 유망 직업을 분석한 결과 미래 유망 직업은 '콘텐츠 크리에이터', '드론 전문가', '소프트웨어 개발자'가 표현되었다. 게임 주인공만의 직업을 조사했다는 한계를 지녔음에도, 현재 게임이 미래 유망 직업에 대한 직업교육의 기능적 측면을 충분히 포괄하고 있지 못함을 지적하고, 미래 유망 직업 반영의 필요성을 제시했다는 의의가 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

이 연구는 '재난안전과 현장응급처치'란 주제로 대학과 고등학교의 주말 연계 프로그램을 활용하여 프로그램에 참여한 학생들의 만족도를 파악하고 대학의 전공연계 프로그램 개발과 교육방법을 만드는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시행되었다. 연구의 분석대상은 전라북도에서 실시한 D일반고와 B대학의 연계 주말 강좌에 참석한 고등학생 98명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Statistics Version 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 결론은 다음과 같다. 학년으로는 2학년이 52%(51명)로 가장 많았으며, 성별은 남자가 56.1%(55명), 여자가 43.9%(43명)를 차지했다. 주말 강좌 프로그램을 스스로 참여했다가 80.6%(79명)였으며, 분명한 동기와 목적을 가지고 있는 사람이 85.7%(84명), 참여이유로는 '응급구조학과에 관심이 많아서' 42.9%(42명)를 차지했다. 프로그램 선택 시 가장 중요하다고 생각하는 기준은 '청소년들에게 도움이 되는 정도'가 4.68점으로 가장 높았으며, '지도자의 전문성' 4.58점, '청소년들의 의견 반영 정도' 4.53점 순으로 높게 나타났다. 프로그램 체험 후 '심폐소생술 응급처치 자격증 과정'이 중요도 4.78점, 만족도 4.83점으로 가장 중요하면서 가장 만족도가 높게 나왔다. 이처럼 다양한 직업체험을 활용한 대학의 진로 프로그램이 고등학생들의 진로정체감과 진로결정의 수준을 높일 수 있는 의미있는 경험이라고 할 수 있기 때문에 고등학교와 대학의 교육과정과의 연계를 강화하고 국가 사회 시스템 환경이 충분히 갖추어야 하겠다.