• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2020

This study explores the effects of different pre-machining conditions on the deposition characteristics and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel samples repaired using direct energy deposition (DED). In the DED repair process, defects such as pores and cracks can occur at the interface between the substrate and deposited material. In this study, we varied the shape of the pre-machined zone for repair in order to prevent cracks from occurring at the slope surface. After repairs by the DED process, macro-scale cracks were observed in samples that had been pre-machined with elliptic and trapezoidal grooves. In addition, it was not possible to completely prevent micro-crack generation on the sloped interfaces, even in the capsule-type grooved sample. From observation of the fracture surfaces, it was found that the cracks around the inclined interface were due to a lack of fusion between the substrate and the powder material, which led to low tensile properties. The specimen with the capsule-type groove provided the highest tensile strength and elongation (respective of 46% and 571% compared to the trapezoidal grooved specimen). However, the tensile properties were degraded compared to the non-repaired specimen (as-hot rolled material). The fracture characteristics of the repaired specimens were determined by the cracks at the sloped interfaces. These cracks grew and coalesced with each other to form macro-cracks, they then coalesced with other cracks and propagated to the substrate, causing final fracture.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2015

Nowdays, fossil fuels have been used as an important resource in development of industry. But it is limited and caused climate change such as pollution and global warming. So nuclear fusion research is being issued with tritium to develop eco-friendly and sustainable energy. Republic of Korea is in charge of Storage and Delivery System (SDS) in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), weld present in the SDS bottles are easily exposed to the hydrogen embrittlement of special characteristics of the hydrogen in hydrogen atmosphere, When the hydrogen embrittlement is rapidly progresses, the cracking is generated in the weld zone. Due to this cracking, the risk of leakage of tritium into the atmosphere occurs. In this study, hydrogen heat treatment was processed through the Pressure-Composition-Temperature (PCT) device according to the time variation. Also mechanical properties such as rupture strength test, three point bend test and hardness test in accordance with the respective time have been conducted and the fracture was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) after the mechanical properties evaluation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.576-581
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• 2005

Phytase improves the bioavailability of phytate phosphorus in plant foods to humans and animals, and reduces the phosphorus pollution of animal waste. We have engineered the cell surface of the yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by anchoring active fungal phytase on its cell wall, in order to apply it as a dietary supplement containing bioconversional functions in animal foods and a whole cell bio-catalyst for the treatment of waste. The phytase gene (phyA) of Aspergillus niger with a signal peptide of rice amylase 1A (Ramy1A) was fused with the gene encoding the C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from the C-terminus) of yeast ${\alpha}-agglutinin$, a protein which is involved in mating and is covalently anchored to the cell wall. The resulting fusion construct was introduced into S. cerevisiae and expressed under the control of the constitutive glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter. Phytase plate assay revealed that the surface-engineered cell exhibited a catalytically active opaque zone which was restricted to the margin of the colony. Additionally, the phytase activity was detected in the cell fraction, but was not detected in the culture medium when it was grown in liquid. These results indicate that the phytase was successfully anchored to the cell surface of yeast and was displayed as its active form. The amount of recombinant phytase on the surface of yeast cells was estimated to be 16,000 molecules per cell.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.180-185
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• 2001

In the life assessment for plant structural component, the research on deterioration of toughness and material properties occurred in weldments has been considered as very important problems. In general, the microstructures composed in weldments are hugely classified with weld metal(W.M), fusion line(F.L), heat affected zone(HAZ), and base metal(B.M). It has been reported that the creep characteristics on weldments having variable microstructures could be unpredictably changed. Furthermore, it is also known that HAZ adjacent to F.L exhibits the decreased creep strength compared to those in base or weld metals, and promotes the occurrence of Type III and Type IV cracking due to the growth of grains and the coarsening carbides precipitated in ferritic matrix by welding and PWHT processes. However, the lots of works reported up to date on creep damage in power plant components have been mostly conducted on B.M and the creep properties on a localized microstructures in weldments have not as yet been throughly investigated. In this paper, for various microstructures such as coarse grain HAZ(CGHAZ), W.M and B.M in X20CrMoV121 steel weldment, the small punch-creep(SP-Creep) test using miniaturized specimen(t=0.5mm, 0.25mm) is performed to investigate a possibility for creep characteristics evaluation.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.331-343
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• 2002

최근 위성 영상정보를 이용하는 활용 연구의 중요성이 강조되면서 다중 분해능을 갖는 위성 영상정보의 통합적인 적용에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광역적인 분석에서 다중 분해능 위성 영상정보의 광역적 통합 분석에 대한 적용 가능성을 살펴보기 위하여 경기도 남양주시에 대한 Landsat 7 ETM+ 다중 분광 영상정보와 KOMPSAT EOC 영상정보에 대한 화소 값(DN) 분석 및 다중 분해능 영상 분류를 수행한 뒤에, 분류 결과를 같은 지역에 대하여 구축된 토지이용현황 주제도와 대비 분석하고자 하였다. 다중 분해능 영상 분류로 나타난 주요 결과로는 단일 분해능 영상정보 분류결과에 비하여 도로 정보와 같은 선형적인 요소의 추출이 용이한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 연구 지역내 주요 도로에 대한 영향권 설정 분석 또는 거리 질의 방법을 이용하여 수행된 영상 분류 결과와 토지이용현황 주제정보의 대비 분석 결과는 두 가지 정보가 유사한 패턴을 보이므로, 다중 분해능 영상정보의 분류 결과는 도시 환경분석문제에도 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1991

홍조 참보라색우무(Symphyocladia latiuscula (Harvey) Yamada)의 형태적 식별형질들을 야외 및 실내배양 재료를 통해 검토하고 생활사를 밝혔다. 본 종은 엽체의 체장이 5-15 cm이고, 정단을 제외한 전 엽체에 피층이 발달하며, 주축과 측지의 유합정도는 5-7 절편에 달한다는 점에서 Symphyocladia속의 다른 종들과 구분된다. 생식기관의 형태와 발달과정은 속내의 다른 종들과 구분된다. 생식기관의 형태와 발달과정은 속내의 다른 종들과 유사하나 소측지의 변형에 의해 장상의 사분포자탁을 형성하는 것이 특징적이다. 본 종은 야외 및 실내배양 재료 모두에서 영양모상엽이 형성되어 S. pennata와 구분되었고, 따라서 지금까지 polysiphonieae족과 Pterosiphonieae족을 구별하기 위한 기본 식별형질로서 인식되어 왔던 영양모상엽의 존재 유무는 부류학적인 의의가 없음을 확인되었다. 실내배양에서 본 종의 Polysiphonia형 생활사를 반복하나 배우체의 체장이 포자체보다 상재적으로 작아 세대간 크기의 차이가 현저한 이형현상이 관찰되었다. 본 종은 한국 전 해안의 조간대 중부 이하의 지역에서 전 계절에 걸쳐 흔히 채집되며, 하계에 배우체의 출현비율이 높았다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 1999

금소광산은 지질학적 특성에 따라 여러 다양한 유형으로 형성되며, 특정원소나 특정광물종이 농집된다. 그러므로 광물자원탐사는 지질자료와 함께 많은 지구화학적 및 지구물리자료를 종합하여 분석처리 할 필요가 있다. 최근 지구과학정보시스템(GIS)이라는 개념이 도입됨에 따라, 도입됨에 따라 다양한 지질자료를 보다 체계적으로 처리할수 있게 되었고 효율적인 광물자원탐사가 가능하게 되었다. 본 연구대상지역 (37:00N/28:30E∼37:20N/128:45E0은 국내의 대표적인 광대화로 알려진 태백산 지역으로 영남육괴의 변성암을 기반으로 하여, 조선계의 퇴적암과 중생대의 화강암으로 구성되어있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 지질자료와 함께 기보고된 지구화학 및 지구물리 탐사자료들을 디지털화하고 이를 퍼지집합이론에 적용하여 데이터통합을 시도하였다. 본 연구의 결과초써 나타난 스카른 부존가능지역이 기존의 스카론 철광산으로 알려진 신예미 광산 위치와 잘 일치하고 있으며, 이는 본 연구에서 데이터 통합에 사용된 퍼지집합이론이 태백산 지역이 스카른 광상탐사에 효과적이었음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.88-98
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• 1997

Welding defects, such as porosity and spike, have sometimes occurred in deep penetration electron beam welds. These defects are known to be one of the serious problem in electron beam welds. So, effects of active parameters ($a_b$) on bead shape and occurrence of defects in electron beam welds of heavy section 9%Ni steel plates were investigated. Partial penetration welding in flat position, and deep penetration welding of 10 ~ 28mm depth were investigated in this study. It is desirable to select low accelerating voltage and above the surface focus position $a_b$$\geq$1.2 at which a wine-cup shaped bead is obtained to avoid the welding defects such as spike and root porosity. When the accelerating voltage of electron beam was low (90kV), active parameter ($a_b$) did not influence on the bead width, penetration depth and weld defects significantly. However, in case of high voltage ($\geq$120kV), active parameter ($a_b$) was sensitively associated with penetraton depth and weld defects, i.e. when the active parameter (($a_b$) was in the range of 0.6 to 1.0, the depth of penetration was always over the target (23mm), while the depth of penetration was dramatically decreased with further increase of active parameter ($a_b$). The weld defects were decreased with the increase of active parameter $a_b$ resulting in the decrease of energy density of the focused beam in the root part of fusion zone.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2005

Objective: The biomechanical stabilities between the anterior plate fixation after anterior discectomy and fusion (ACDFP) and the posterior transpedicular fixation after ACDF(ACDFTP) have not been compared using human cadaver in bilateral cervical facet dislocation. The purpose of this study is to compare the stability of ACDFP, a posterior wiring procedure after ACDFP(ACDFPW), and ACDFTP for treatment of bilateral cervical facet dislocation. Methods: Ten human spines (C3-T1) were tested in the following sequence: the intact state, after ACDFP(Group 1), ACDFPW(Group 2), and ACDFTP(Group 3). Intervertebral motions were measured by a video-based motion capture system. The range of motion(ROM) and neutral zone(NZ) were compared for each loading mode to a maximum of 2.0Nm. Results: ROMs for Group 1 were below that of the intact spine in all loading modes, with statistical significance in flexion and extension, but NZs were decreased in flexion and extension and slightly increased in bending and axial rotation without significances. Group 2 produced additional stability in axial rotation of ROM and in flexion of NZ than Group 1 with significance. Group 3 provided better stability than Group 1 in bending and axial rotation, and better stability than Group 2 in bending of both ROM and NZ. There was no significant difference in extension modes for the three Groups. Conclusion: ACDFTP(Group 3) demonstrates the most effective stabilization followed by ACDFPW(Group 2), and ACDFP(Group 1). ACDFP provides sufficient strength in most loading modes, ACDFP can provide an effective stabilization for bilateral cervical facet dislocation with a brace.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.30-30
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• 2002

It has been reported that the creep characteristics on weldment which is composed of weld metal(W.M), fusion line(F.L), heat-affected zone(HAZ), and base meta(B.M) could be unpredictably changed in severe service conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. However, the studies done on creep damage in power plant components have been mostly conducted on B.M and not the creep properties of the localized microstructures in weldment have been thoroughly investigated yet. In this paper, it is investigated the creep characteristics for three microstructures like coarse-grain HAZ(CGHAZ), W.M, and B.M in X20CrMoV121 steel weldment by the small punch-creep-(SP-Creep) test using miniaturized specimen(l0×10×0.5mm). The W.M microstructure possesses the higher creep resistance and shows lower creep strain rate than the B.M and CGHAZ. In the lower creep load the highest creep strain rate is exhibited in CGHAZ, whereas in the higher creep load the B.M represents the high creep strain rate. The power law correlation for all microstructures exists between creep rate and creep load at 600℃. The values of creep load index (n) based on creep strain rate for B.M, CGHAZ, and W.M are 7.54, 4.23, and 5.06, respectively and CGHAZ which shows coarse grains owing to high welding heat has the lowest creep loade index. In all creep loads, the creep life for W.M shows the highest value.