• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2004

On the basis of design theory of soil inversion, two types of moldboard plow with secondary soil mover was designed and constructed to invert furrow slice at same position with furrow bottom. A series of soil bin experiment was carried to investigate the performance of prototypes. First prototype of new concept plow showed two kinds of problems during the preliminary experiment. For the plowing depth of 6cut the prototype did not invert the furrow slice, instead it just cut furrow bottom and the furrow slice returned to the original position. For the plowing depth of 8cm, there was soil clogging problem at the rear part of plow. From the above results it was concluded that the first prototype can not be used for the inversion of furrow slice at same position with furrow bottom. Second prototype could invert furrow slice at the same position with furrow bottom, but the performance was affected by soil moisture content soil hardness and plowing speed very much. For the higher soil moisture content, for the higher soil hardness and higher plowing speed, the prototype showed higher soil inversion performance. For the second prototype the inversion ratio was almost 100%, inversion angle was in the range of 90 to 100 degree and side displacement was less than 4 cm. But the furrow slice was not continuous, it was cut in the length of 30 to 40 cm. The reason why the furrow slice was cut in that length is blamed for the design of moldboard surface. The specific draft of prototype was in the range of 37.24 kN/㎡ to 42.14 kN/㎡ this value is a little higher than that of the conventional plow, or from 30.38 kN/㎡ to 33.32 kN/㎡. But the difference was not so big. The inversion performance of the second prototype for the field experiment was much better than that of soil bin experiment due to the better soil and operational conditions. Sticky and compacted soil conditions, and higher plowing speed was suitable for the plowing operation of the second prototype

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.531-536
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• 1994

Drainage duration before seeding and furrow depth desirable for establishment and growth in direct drill seeding of rice on puddled paddy soil were investigated. Furrow depths tested were 2, 4 and 6cm in combination with drainage duration 2, 4, and 6days. Dongjinbyeo was used and seeded on May 11, 1993. Seedling establishment were improved by longer drainage duration and by shallower furrow. Lodging occurred moderately at furrow depth of 2cm with 4 and 6days of surface drainage before seeding. This lodging might be attributable to the shallow burying of shoot below soil surface. Rice yield was highest at furrow depth of 4cm with 4days drainage before seeding. In considering seedling establishment and yield, desirable drainage duration before seeding and furrow depth might be 4days and 4cm, respectively. Cone(115g) penetration depth, dropped at 1m above soil surface, was 6 to 7cm on the date after 4days drainage before seeding.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of Rhizome rot incidence of Platycodon grandiflorus by cultivation period and ridge width and furrow depth. The three types of ridge width 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 m and several levels of furrow depth and 6 levels cultivation period. This experiment was done in farmer's farm and the treatments were also classified in the same spot. In this investigation, ridge width, soil water content, soil hardness, and cultivation period were positively related with Rhizome rot incidence, however, furrow depth was negatively related with that. So this experiment could draw a conclusion : excess water damage and soil hardness could directly or indirectly effect on the Rhizome rot incidence, so cultivation method should be developed such as making underground ditch or cultivation in well draining soil for escaping excess waster damage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate of soil hardening degree before sowing, furrow depth at sowing and flooding time after sowing at furrowing in flooded rice paddy field that many people have an interest in as direct sowing method most recently. As hardening period was increased, the percentage of seedling stand and seed floating at flooding were increased slightly, while buried depth of stem at maximum tillering stage and cone penetration depth were decreased, respectively. Therefore, optimum degree of soil hardening was about 3 days after draining, at this time, cone penetration degree was about 6~7cm. According to furrow depth was more and more deep, buried depth of stem was increased gradually, but percentage of seedling stand was decreased considerbly. Also, root distribution ratio on surpace horizon and lodging degree were increased gradually according to furrow depth become more and more shallow. As flooding time after sowing was late, percentage of seedling stand and panicle number per $m^2$ were decreased slightly. These results apparently indicated that sowing after 3 days hardening when cone penetration degree was 6~7cm, furrow depth 3~4cm degree and flooding time just after sowing the best method to good establish of seedling stand.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a 2 row type band furrow tiller for a walking cultivator. The tillage and weeding operations in the furrow of dry fields has been done manually or chemical herbicide has been applied. The application of herbicide induces soil pollution and manual operation requires heavy labor. This 2-row type implement was developed to substitute this manual operation and to minimize soil pollution. The developed implement was composed of power transmitting device, tilling device, frame and tail wheel. The max. plowing width and depth were 300mm and 180mm, respectively. The revolutions of the hexagonal shaft and the tillage shaft were $227{\sim}376rpm$ and $355{\sim}590rpm$, respectively. The adequate working speed was $0.50{\sim}0.83m/s$ and the field capacity was $0.17{\sim}0.28hr/10a$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

Objectives : Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture is a Korean medical treatment technique for face lifting. The authors aimed to evaluate the effects of Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture on facial skin furrows. Methods : 11 patients who made first visits to Hyo-Jun Korean Medical Clinic from October 1, 2009 to October 25, 2009 were each given one-time treatment of Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture treatment. A portable fluorescent dermal diagnostic equipment, ECOSKIN, was used to measure extraocular skin furrows and perioral skin furrows width and depth before and after treatment. Results : Mean width and depth of both the extraocular and perioral skin furrows decreased after one-time Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture treatment. Extraocular skin furrow width, depth, and perioral skin furrow width showed statistically significant decreases(p=0.003, 0.017, 0.041 respectively). Conclusions : Mean depth and width of both the extraocular and perioral skin furrows decreased after receiving Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture treatment. Miso facial rejuvenation acupuncture may be an effective treatment for improving wrinkles in clinic.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.138-141
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• 1982

The insecticides aldicarb$(Temik^{(R)}\;15G)$, carbofuran$(Curaterr^{(R)}\;3G)$, and disulfoton$(Disyston^{(R)}\;5G)$ were evaluated in the field for the control of the pine gall midges(Thecodiplosis joponensis Uchida et Inouye) at rate of 5 a.i.g/cm dbh using the method of circle-furrow treatment(ca. loom in furrow depth), apart 50cm Iron the trunk of the pine trees. In addition, for improving the application method of granular insecticides the effects of conventional circle-furrow treatment were compared with those of pit treatments and radical-furrow treatments. A single root-zone treatment of aldicarb and carbofuran i the pine trees was significanlty effective for the pressure of the gall incidence by the insects. Control effectiveness in three-pit treatment was identical with those in conventional circle-furrow treatment. The pit treatment compared with the circle-furrow and radical furrow treatments would be a further feasible method in saving labor cost.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

The skin is the largest organ of the integument system whose surface is closely related to many physiological and pathological conditions. The skin surface is closely related to functional status of the epidermis and dermis. The outermost surface of the skin shows characteristic pattern defined by small furrows are called micro-relief. The micro-relief change is according to physiological and pathological conditions of the skin. But, there is no data on health Korean skin micro-relief yet. This study presents some aspect of health Korean skin micro-relief from the twenties. The silicon replicas obtained from forearm, dorsum hand and finger were analyzed by profiles were accessed by stereoscopy. We measured density of furrow, width of furrow, and depth of furrow in micro-relief with sectioned silicon replica sample using stereoscope. Stereoscopic analysis showed that male group has a larger density of furrow and depth furrow in finger significantly. The densities of furrow were shown different not only between forearm and finger but also between finger and hand in male with female group. In conclusion, there were differences results between sex different and regional difference in skin replica profile. These quantitative data can be used for basis of further skin research for Korean.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1983

In order to identify the stress distribution on the furrow slice a small soil bin instrumented with soil stress meters was designed and constructed. From a series of experiments conducted in the soil bin the following results were obtained. 1) Neither the cutting conditions nor the soil conditions affected the direction of the principal stress. 2) The magnitude of the principal stress increased as the tillage depth increased. However, no effects due to lift angles were shown on the magnitude of the principal stresses. 3) The maximum principal stress increased with increase of the moisture and clay contents in the soil. 4) In the clay soil, the maximum principal stresses were distributed uniformly over the tillage depth. However, as the sand content increased, the maximum principal stresses decreased gradually on the top layer so that the distribution over the tillage depth became a trapezoidal shape.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

The geomorphic properties of potholes at Naerin River, Inje-gun are analyzed to discover the geosites of DMZ geopark in Gangwon-do. The furrow-type potholes along the river flow are mainly found in the P1 and P2 sites. The P3 site can be divided in to the zones where the furrow-type potholes densely distribute and various types of potholes are scattered, while the various types of small potholes are scattered in the P4 site. After measuring the 44 potholes, the potholes with a U-shaped cross-section, similar directivity with river flow and deposited gravels with in them show large values in length, width, depth and slope. Because the P1 and P2 sites are characteristic in the scales and forms of potholes and show beautiful scapes, it can be suggested that they are suitable for the geosite developments.