• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.291-295
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• 2014

Mycoflora was assessed in the commercial meju from four well-separated geographic origins. A total of 112 fungal isolates were identified by phenotypic characteristics and molecular taxonomy using sequencing the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA and revealed 19 species from 13 genera. Enzymatic characteristics of protease and amylase, and mycotoxin production were analyzed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1526-1532
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• 2021

Suaeda australis, Phragmites australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda glauca Bunge, and Limonium tetragonum in the Seocheon salt marsh on the west coast of the Korean Penincula were sampled in order to identify the endophytes inhabiting the roots. A total of 128 endophytic fungal isolates belonging to 31 different genera were identified using the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. Fusarium, Paraconiothyrium and Alternaria were the most commonly isolated genera in the plant root samples. Various diversity indicators were used to assess the diversity of the isolated fungi. Pure cultures containing each of the 128 endophytic fungi, respectively, were tested for the plant growth-promoting abilities of the fungus on Waito-C rice germinals. The culture filtrate of the isolate Lt-1-3-3 significantly increased the growth of shoots compared to the shoots treated with the control. Lt-1-3-3 culture filtrate was analyzed and showed the presence of gibberellins (GA₁ 2.487 ng/ml, GA₃ 2.592 ng/ml, GA₉ 3.998, and GA₂₄ 6.191 ng/ml). The culture filtrate from the Lt-1-3-3 fungal isolate produced greater amounts of GA₉ and GA₂₄ than the wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus known to produce large amounts of gibberellins. By the molecular analysis, fungal isolate Lt-1-3-3 was identified as Gibberella intermedia, with 100% similarity.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2005

Fungicides and antagonists were tested for their efficacy in the management of fungal pathogens of watermelon. The fungal species in different genera were isolated from the seeds of watermelon and their vulnerability was assessed against an array of chemicals and bioagents. Among the fungal pathogens, Fusarium species were effectively controlled by Bavistin. Topsin also showed the promising effects against all the fungal pathogens, and Dithane M-45 effectively controlled Didymella bryoniae. Seed treatment with antagonists like Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride improved the seed germination, seedling vigour and reduced the incidence of seed-borne fungal pathogens. Bavistin and Topsin among chemicals increased significantly the seed germination and vigour index. Trichoderma harzianum showed its efficacy against all Fusarium species and even stood effective than Captan and Blitox. However, Pseudomonas fIuorescens also showed promising effect against Didymella bryoniae over fungicides. Under field condition, Topsin and Dithane M-45 showed better yield than Bioagents.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.180-184
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• 2006

The mycobiota of 160 hair and nail samples collected from 4 different governorates in upper Egypt were estimated using soil plate method for isolating keratinophilic and dermatophytic fungi. Twenty-three fungi were recorded on both hair and nail samples collected from the four governorates. Highest fungal diversity (20) was collected from Red Sea samples followed by Qena (18) and Aswan (17) while lowest fungal diversity was recorded from Sohage samples. The common genera were Aphanoascus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Chrysosporium. The most prevalent species belonging to these genera were: A. fulvescens, Aphanoascus sp. A. flavus link, A. flavus var. columnaris, P. chrysogenium. P. lilacinus and C. sulfureum. True dermatophytes such as Nannizzia fulva appeared in $20{\sim}30%$ of the male samples.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1972

The determination of fungal flora in various kinds of local grains have been carded out in order to obtain an appropriate information of the population of toxigenic fungi in Korean local grains. Results of fungal examination on nine kinds of grain such as soy bean(18 samples), red bean(12 samples), rice(8 samples), kidney bean(8 samples), millet(7 samples), barley(5 samples), malze(5 samples), wheat(4 samples) and sesame(3 samples) were described in this report. 1. Of the 70 various grains, 283 colonies of fungi were isolated. Among the 283 colonies, 262 were possible to identity into 15 genera. 2. Predominant genera of fungi in most local grains were Penicillium sp.(24.39%), Aspergillus sp.(20.49%) and Alternaria sp.(13.43%).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2022

Many investigations have been conducted on the biological damage and environmental conditions necessary to preserve the Janggyeong Panjeon and Daejanggyeongpan (woodblocks). We performed a survey on the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in the Janggyeong Panjeon and compared them with the results of a survey from 2012. The temperature of the Beopbojeon building was slightly lower, while the relative humidity was higher than those found at the Sudarajang building. The concentration of airborne fungi in the Beopbojeon was 1.44-fold that of the Sudarajang. It was confirmed that the concentration and diversity of airborne fungi in the Janggyeong Panjeon differed depending on the sampling site. In total, 23 fungal genera were identified from the air samples, and 11 fungal and 1 bacterial genera were identified from the surface of the woodblocks. Among these, only five types of fungi were commonly distributed in the indoor air and surface of the Daejanggyeongpan; however, 58.3% of the fungi identified on the surface of the woodblocks were not observed in the in the air samples. The surface-dwelling fungi may accumulate dust to form microbial communities over time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 1992

Seven genera and 15 species of fungi were isolated from 50 samples of then different steps of dried onion (5 samples of each step) collected from an onion factory in Sohag Governorate, Egypt, and grown on glucose-Czapek's agar (7 genera and 15 species) and 10% NaCl glucose-Czapek's (2 genera and 6 species). The average total counts of fungi were gradually decreased throughout the different steps of drying from 2090 to zero and 152 to zero colonies/g on glucose-Czapek's agar and 10% NaCl glucose-Czapek's agar media, respectively. Aspergillus was the most common genus on the two types of media used. The dominant species were Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium of oxysporum on glucose-Czapek's agar and A. terreus and A. niger on 10% NaCl glucose-Czapek's agar. The chloroform extracts of different samples were tested for the presence of mycotoxins using thin layer chromatographic analysis. The results indicated that aflatoxin was present at concentrations decreased throughout the different steps of the drying from step No. 1, onion bulbs, $120\;{\mu}g/kg$; to step No. 8, standard A, $20\;{\mu}g/kg$ while step Nos. 9 & 10 (completely dry powdered onion) were free from aflatoxin. Citrinin was also present in the first three steps at concentrations gradually decreased from 30 to 10 mg/kg.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.2
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• pp.289-294
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• 2021

A mushroom survey was conducted in Mt. Cleopatra Needle Forest Reserve (CNFR) northeast of Puerto Pincesa, the capital city of Palawan island, from August 2018 to September 2019. During this period, 433 fungal fruiting bodies were collected from 3 different from survey sites, Concepcion, Kalakwasan, and Tanabag Barangays. The specimens were identified based on their morphological and molecular analyses and classified into 176 species, 114 genera, 55 families, and 22 orders. The mushrooms belong to Ascomycota were classified into 20 species, 15 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders, while those belongs to Basidiomycota were classified into 156 species, 99 genera, 43 families, and 15 orders, respectively. Among these mushrooms, the families with high frequency were Polyporaceae (18.9%), Marasmiaceae (11.5%), Xylariaceae (9.7%), Agaricaceae (8.3%), Auriculariaceae (4.8%), Ganodermataceae (4.2%), Hypoxylaceae (3.2%), and Sarcoscyphaceae (3.0%), and comprised 63.7% of the total specimens identified. This report may be the first checklist of mushrooms in Mt. CNFR and could be used for developing conservation strategies of the critical habitat in Palawan island.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.686-695
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• 2021

Tricholoma matsutake is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with the root of Pinus densiflora. Soil microbial communities greatly affect the growth of T. matsutake, however, few studies have examined the characteristics of these communities. In the present study, we analyzed soil fungal communities from Gyeongju and Yeongdeok using metagenomic pyrosequencing to investigate differences in fungal species diversity, richness, and taxonomic composition between the soil under T. matsutake fruiting bodies (Sample 2) and soil where the fairy ring of T. matsutake was no longer present (Sample 1). The same spot was investigated three times at intervals of four months to observe changes in the community. In the samples from Yeongdeok, the number of valid reads was lower than that at Gyeongju. The operational taxonomic units of most Sample 2 groups were less than those of Sample 1 groups, indicating that fungal diversity was low in the T. matsutake-dominant soil. The soil under the T. matsutake fruiting bodies was dominated by more than 51% T. matsutake. From fall to the following spring, the ratio of T. matsutake decreased. Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum in most samples. G-F1-2, G-F2-2, and Y-F1-2 had the genera Tricholoma, Umbelopsis, Oidiodendron, Sagenomella, Cladophialophora, and Phialocephala in common. G-F1-1, G-F2-1, and Y-F1-1 had 10 genera including Umbelopsis and Sagenomella in common. From fall to the following spring, the amount of phyla Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota gradually decreased but that of phylum Ascomycota increased. We suggest that the genus Umbelopsis is positively related to T. matsutake.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2014

Since Darwin and Wallace introduced the concept on the evolution of species, scientists have been furiously debating what species are, and how to define them. This basic yet intriguing question has bothered us ever since, as communicating to fellow biologists about fungal species is the very cornerstone of mycology. For the species presently known, this has largely been accomplished via Latin binomials linked to morphology in the absence of DNA barcodes. In recent years mycologists have embraced the ribosomal ITS as official barcode region for Fungi, and this locus is also mainly used in environmental pyrosequencing studies. Furthermore, DNA data can now also be used to describe sterile species in the absence or lack of distinct morphological structures. Recent developments such as the registration of names in MycoBank, and linking the phenotype to the genotype, have significantly changed the face of fungal systematics. By employing the Consolidated Species Concept, incorporating genealogical concordance, ecology and morphology, robust species recognition is now possible. Several international initiatives have since built on these developments, such as the DNA barcoding of holdings of Biological Resource Centres, followed by the Genera of Fungi Project, aiming to recollect, and epitypify all type species of all genera. What these data have revealed, is that most genera are poly- and paraphyletic, and that morphological species normally encompass several genetic entities, which may be cryptic species. Once we provide a stable genetic backbone capturing our existing knowledge of the past 250 years, we will be able to accommodate novelties obtained via environmental sequencing platforms. Being able to communicate these species to other biologists in a clear manner that is DNA-based, will enable scientists to elucidate the importance, role and ecological interactions that these fungi have on our planet.