• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.339-342
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• 2012

Inter-individual pharmacokinetic variation of H2-receptor antagonist is related to genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19. We investigated the frequency of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism and the treatment duration of cimetidine by CYP2C19 genotypes in functional dyspeptic patients without definite causes who were treated with cimetidine in Korea. One hundred subjects with functional dyspepsia participated in this study from March 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011. They were tested by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and treated for their dyspepsia with cimetidine. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP2C19 were genotyped using the Seeplex CYP2C19 ACE Genotyping system. There were no significant differences in the demographic, clinical, or laboratory findings among the CYP2C19 subgroups which are wild type homozygote (W/W), heterozygote (W/V), and variant homozygote (V/V). The frequencies of CYP2C19 subgroups were 33 (33%) in W/W, 49 (49%) in W/V, and 18 (18%) in V/V, respectively. The mean duration of cimetidine treatment (in weeks) was the shortest in the V/V among the CYP2C19 genotypes (W/W: $5.1{\pm}1.5$, W/V: $4.0{\pm}1.7$, V/V: $2.1{\pm}0.7$; p<0.001). This study can also act as a basis for further investigation to identify the underlying genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors in CYP2C19 enzyme activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.390-397
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• 2020

To synthesize non-corrosive metallic gold colored α-Al₂O₃ nanoplate-TiO₂ core-shell pigments with controlled roughness, we systematically checked the morphological variation of the TiO₂ shell with the mole ratio of TiCl₄ and NaOH from 1 : 1 to 1 : 1.5, 1 : 2, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 3, 1 : 3.5, and 1 : 4. The more increased mole ratio of TiCl₄ and NaOH resulted in the smoother TiO₂ shell due to the promoted formation of anatase TiO₂ than that of the rutile one. By the heat-treatment of pigments at 500 ℃, we could improve the adhesiveness between TiO₂ shell and α-Al₂O₃ nanoplates without changing their topology and roughness. In addition, the α-Al₂O₃ nanoplate with the robust TiO₂ by heat-treatment exhibited comparable photo-stability against photo-catalytic degradation by UV exposure compared with the commercially available α-Al₂O₃/TiO₂ lustering pigment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.621-628
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate changes of gastric vagal nerve activity and pyloric valve function after execution of combination treatments of both electroacupuncture at Zusanli(ST36) and manual acupuncture at other acupoints in patient with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Bowel sounds of 49 patients (18 male, 31 female) were recorded and their % of bowel sound (%BS) and ratio of dominant frequency (DF) were analyzed. Postprandial %BS was used to indicate the gastric vagal activity after eating. Ratio of postprandial/fasting dominant frequency was used to present the degree of pyloric valve function. According to values of %BS and DF ratio, each patient was classified into normal or abnormal (<6 %BS, hypoactivity: <1 DF ratio, dysfunction) group. For 2 weeks, patients received a treatment consisting of both electroacupuncture stimulation at Zusanli (ST36) and acupuncture at other meridian points. Variation of parameters shifting normal to abnormal or abnormal to normal was observed, and total cure rate was calculated. Results : Total cure rate of %BS was 16%, and that of DF was 37%. Patients who improved to normal value from abnormal or aggravated to abnormal level showed both significant difference in both vagal nerve hypoactivity and pyloric valve dysfunction, respectively. Conclusions : Analysis of bowel sound might be useful to evaluate both gastric vagal nerve activity and pyloric valve function. Combination effects of Zusanli (ST36) electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture of other acupoints showed a bidirectional effect in which their activity and function were in general improved. sometimes from aggravated to abnormal level.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2014

Human organic cation/carnitine transporter 1 (OCTN1) plays an important role in the transport of drugs and endogenous substances. It is known that a missense variant of OCTN1 is significantly associated with Crohn's disease susceptibility. This study was performed to identify genetic variants of the OCTN1 promoter in Korean individuals and to determine their functional effects. First, the promoter region of OCTN1 was directly sequenced using genomic DNA samples from 48 healthy Koreans. OCTN1 promoter activity was then measured using a luciferase reporter assay in HCT-116 cells. Seven variants of the OCTN1 promoter were identified, two of which were novel. There were also four major OCTN1 promoter haplotypes. Three haplotypes (H1, H3, and H4) showed decreased transcriptional activity, which was reduced by 22.9%, 23.0%, and 44.6%, respectively (p<0.001), compared with the reference haplotype (H2). Transcription factor binding site analyses and gel shift assays revealed that NF-Y could bind to the region containing g.-1875T>A, a variant present in H3, and that the binding affinity of NF-Y was higher for the g.-1875T allele than for the g.-1875A allele. NF-Y could also repress OCTN1 transcription. These data suggest that three OCTN1 promoter haplotypes could regulate OCTN1 transcription. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify functional variants of the OCTN1 promoter.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.519-527
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• 2016

Purple blotch, caused by Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cifferi, is a serious disease incurring heavy yield losses in the bulb and seed crop of onion and garlic worldwide. There is an immediate need for identification of effective resistance sources for use in host resistance breeding. A total of 43 Allium genotypes were screened for purple blotch resistance under field conditions. Allium cepa accession 'CBT-Ac77' and cultivar 'Arka Kalyan' were observed to be highly resistant. In vitro inoculation of a selected set of genotypes with A. porri, revealed that 7 days after inoculation was suitable to observe the disease severity. In vitro screening of 43 genotypes for resistance to A. porri revealed two resistant lines. An additional 14 genotypes showed consistent moderate resistance in the field as well as in vitro evaluations. Among the related Allium species, A. schoenoprasum and A. roylei showed the least disease index and can be used for interspecific hybridization with cultivated onion. Differential reaction analysis of three A. porri isolates (Apo-Chiplima, Apn-Nasik, Apg-Guntur) in 43 genotypes revealed significant variation among the evaluated Allium species (P = 0.001). All together, the present study suggest that, the newly identified resistance sources can be used as potential donors for ongoing purple blotch resistance breeding program in India.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 1987

Fulvic acids extracted from seven plant materials were tested. The IR spectra and the data obtained from chemical analyses in terms of oxygen-containing functional groups complemented one another. Selected samples covered straws of grain crops (rice, barley, wheat and rye), hay of wild grass, and leaves of trees (deciduous and coniferous). 1. No significant variation in IR spectra of fulvic acids was observed among samples taken from different plant residues and at different stages of humification. 2. Oxygen-containing functional goups, such as carboxyls, phenolics, alcoholics, carbonyls, and quinones were identified on IR spectra and confirmed by chemical analyses. 3. The acidity of fulvic acids was directly related with the content of carboxyl groups. 4. Alcoholic hydroxyl groups predominated over phenolic hydroxyls. 5. The major part of fulvic acid structure appeared to be strongly aliphatic in many respects of chemical characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1980-1990
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to discover the functional impact of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) that were found in selective sweep regions of the Landrace genome Methods: Whole-genome re-sequencing data were obtained from 40 pigs, including 14 Landrace, 16 Yorkshire, and 10 wild boars, which were generated with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. The nsSNPs in the selective sweep regions of the Landrace genome were identified, and the impacts of these variations on protein function were predicted to reveal their potential association with traits of the Landrace breed, such as reproductive capacity. Results: Total of 53,998 nsSNPs in the mapped regions of pigs were identified, and among them, 345 nsSNPs were found in the selective sweep regions of the Landrace genome which were reported previously. The genes featuring these nsSNPs fell into various functional categories, such as reproductive capacity or growth and development during the perinatal period. The impacts of amino acid sequence changes by nsSNPs on protein function were predicted using two in silico SNP prediction algorithms, i.e., sorting intolerant from tolerant and polymorphism phenotyping v2, to reveal their potential roles in biological processes that might be associated with the reproductive capacity of the Landrace breed. Conclusion: The findings elucidated the domestication history of the Landrace breed and illustrated how Landrace domestication led to patterns of genetic variation related to superior reproductive capacity. Our novel findings will help understand the process of Landrace domestication at the genome level and provide SNPs that are informative for breeding.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.419-442
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• 2020

The majority of the natural gas demand in South Korea is mainly determined by the heating demand. Accordingly, there is a distinct seasonality in which the gas demand increases in winter and decreases in summer. Moreover, the degree of sensitiveness to temperature on gas demand has changed over time. This study firstly introduces changing temperature response function (TRF) to capture effects of changing seasonality. The temperature effect (TE), estimated by integrating temperature response function with daily temperature density, represents for the amount of gas demand change due to variation of temperature distribution. Also, this study presents an innovative way in forecasting daily temperature density by employing functional principal component analysis based on daily max/min temperature forecasts for the five big cities in Korea. The forecast errors of the temperature density and gas demand are decreased by 50% and 80% respectively if we use the proposed forecasted density rather than the average daily temperature density.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the status of quality control using multipurpose phantom of ultrasound equipment used in hospital of veterinary college in South Korea by using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom so as to examine quantitative and objective new image evaluation method. Specialists discussed and analyzed multipurpose phantom images acquired by using convex transducer of 10 ultrasound imaging devices, currently used in 9 veterinary colleges, at 4.0-6.0 MHz. Total 8 items that can be measured with ATS-539 multipurpose phantom including dead zone, vertical and horizontal measurement, axial/lateral resolution, sensitivity, focal zone, functional resolution and gray scale/dynamic range were evaluated. For qualitative evaluation, valid decisions were made based on dead zone, axial/lateral resolution, and gray scale/dynamic range which are resolution index, and coefficient of variation (COV) and blind referenceless image spatial quality evaluator (BRISQUE) were found to increase objectivity. As a result of experiment, all the targeted ultrasonic devices were found appropriate from qualitative evaluation items of dead zone, axial/lateral resolution, and gray scale/dynamic range. In other evaluation items, they were found to be appropriate from focal zone and vertical measurement of quantitative evaluation while inappropriate from horizontal measurement, sensitivity, and functional resolution. COV value was 0.12 ± 0.04, and BRISQUE value was 47.77 ± 2.77, both analysis results show that the noise level of all ultrasonic devices was located within tolerance range. Upon image examination using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom, they were 100% appropriate with inspection standards of dead zone, axial/lateral resolution, and gray scale/dynamic range, and besides, focal zone and functional resolution can be used as evaluation items. In the field of veterinary medicine, 8 standard items using ATS-539 multipurpose phantom and image evaluation items using COV and BRISQUE can be used as standards for quality control of ultrasonography machine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.225-225
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• 2022

Rice is a major food crop consumed by approximately half of the world's population. Heading date is one of the major agronomic traits and has a wide impact on the productivity and quality of rice. Recently, shortening the growth period of rice through modulating heading date has been emphasized as one of the most effective strategies for reducing methane emissions from paddy fields. OsPRR37, a major heading date gene in rice, represses flowering under both short-day and long-day conditions. Plants carrying the loss-of-function alleles of OsPRR37 have been reported to flower approximately seven days and 20 days earlier than those carrying the functional alleles in short day and long day conditions, respectively. In this study, we investigated the nucleotide sequence variation existing in the exonic regions of OsPRR37 and catalogued the allelic distribution in 208 Korean rice cultivars. We used four sets of primers for amplifying and sequencing the eight exons of OsPRR37. As a result, two types of loss-of-function alleles and four types of functional alleles were found in 208 Korean rice cultivars. Interestingly, only three cultivars (Jinbuolbyeo, Jinseolchal, and Mimyeon) carried loss-of-function alleles while 205 carried functional alleles, indicating that OsPRR37 loss-of-function alleles have been used very rarely in Korean rice breeding programs. To generate useful information for the development of early-maturing rice cultivars, our future work will focus on analyzing the effect of different OsPRR37 alleles on heading date and other major agronomic traits.