• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2022

The imbalance of oxidative stress due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the pathogenesis of liver disease. To prevent this, the role of antioxidant mechanisms is important. Antioxidant studies have been reported on the Filipendula glaberrima Nakai. However, studies applied to HepG2 cells, which are human liver cells, have not yet been conducted. In this study, 70% ethanol extract of Filipendula glaberrima Nakai (FGE) was prepared and antioxidant activity was investigated. It was confirmed whether FGE pretreatment could reduce hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The increase in gene expression of antioxidant biomarkers and the scavenging ability of ROS were measured, and Hoechst 33342 staining was used to know the inhibitory effect of the apoptosis. As a result, FGE significantly increased SOD (2.6-fold), CAT (4.4-fold), MT-1A (3.1-fold), GPx (4-fold), and G6PD (2.4)-fold compared to the H₂O₂-treated group. FGE directly inhibited ROS production from 13.4 to 3.6 (the fluorescence mean of DCF-DA) and also reduced apoptotic cells from 45% to 10% (Hoechst 33342 staining) at 2.5 ㎍/mL. These results demonstrate the excellent antioxidant activity of FGE and show that it can be used as a functional food to prevent liver disease.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate functional activities of the free radical scavenging and germ of Glycin max. Merrill fur cytotoxicity toward P338 and L1210 cells derived from mouse. Effect of crude saponin were examined to oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver fractions of Spragae-Dawley(SD) rats. Male rats were fed basic diets of control and experiment diets of 0.5∼1.0% crude saponin. There were no significant differences in hydroxy radical($.$OH) formation of liver mitochondria and microsomes in 1.0% group, while $.$OH formations were significantly decrease in 0.5% and 1.0% saponin compared with control group. Their oxygen radical(O$_2$$\^$$.$/) scavenging activities were significantly decrease in liver cytosol of 0.5% and 1.0% saponin group compared with control group. Soybean germ saponin was isolated purified by the method of HPLC to investigate the cytotoxicity of mouse cells by using the MTT assay. SA-1 saponin fraction of soybean germ showed to inhibit toward growth cell of P338 and L1210 cells and its showed less than 50% cytotoxicity These results suggest that the saponin may play a effective role in attenuating a oxygen radical formations and increasing a scavenger enzyme activities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

Objective : We investigated the neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin, oxygen radical scavenger extracted from raspberries, after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : The animals were divided into two groups : the vehicle-treated group (control group, n=20) received an oral administration of normal saline via stomach intubation immediately after SCI, and the anthocyanin-treated group (AT group, n=20) received 400 mg/kg of cyanidin 3-O-${\beta}$-glucoside (C3G) in the same way. We compared the neurological functions, superoxide expressions and lesion volumes in two groups. Results : At 14 days after SCI, the AT group showed significant improvement of the BBB score by $16.7{\pm}3.4%$, platform hang by $40.0{\pm}9.1%$ and hind foot bar grab by $30.8{\pm}8.4%$ (p<0.05 in all outcomes). The degree of superoxide expression, represented by the ratio of red fluorescence intensity, was significantly lower in the AT group ($0.98{\pm}0.38$) than the control group ($1.34{\pm}0.24$) (p<0.05). The lesion volume in lesion periphery was $32.1{\pm}2.4\;{\mu}L$ in the control and $24.5{\pm}2.3\;{\mu}L$ in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05), and the motor neuron cell number of the anterior horn in lesion periphery was $8.3{\pm}5.1$ cells/HPF in the control and $13.4{\pm}6.3$ cells/HPF in the AT group, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : Anthocyanin seemed to reduce lesion volume and neuronal loss by its antioxidant effect and these resulted in improved functional recovery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 1993

Background: Positive end, expiratory pressure (PEEP) has become one of the standard therapies for adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Total static compliance has been proposed as a guide to determine the size of PEEP ('best PEEP') which is of unproven clinical benefit and remains controversial. Besides increasing functional residual capacity and thus improving oxygenation, PEEP stimulate prostacyclin secretion and was proposed for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. But little is known about the effect of PEEP on hemodynamic and gas exchange disturbances in acute pulmonary embolism. Methods: To study the validity of total static compliance as a predictor of 'best PEEP' in ARDS and acute pulmonary embolism, experimental ARDS was induced in mongrel dog with oleic acid and acute pulmonary embolism with autologous blood clot. Then hemodynamic and gas exchange parameters were measured with serial increment of PEEP. Results:In ARDS group, total static compliance and oxygen transport were maximal at 5 cm$H_2O$, and decreased thereafter (p<0.05). With increment of PEEP, arterial oxygen tension ($PaO_2$) and arterial carbon dioxide tension ($PaCO_2$) increased and cardiac output and physiological shunt decreased. In pulmonary embolism group, total static compliance, oxygen transport, physiological shunt and cardiac output decreased and $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$ increased with increment of PEEP (p<0.05). Comparing the change induced by increment of PEEP by 1 cm$H_2O$ in ARDS group with that in pulmonary embolism group, there was no significant difference between two groups except cardiac output which decreased more in pulmonary embolism group (p<0.05). In ARDS group, oxygen transport and total static compliance increased after PEEP application, and total static compliance was maximal at the PEEP level where oxygen transport was maximal. However in pulmonary embolism group, oxygen transport and total static compliance decreased after application of PEEP. There was significant correlation between change of total static compliance and change of oxygen transport in both groups. Conclusion: In both ARDS and acute pulmonary embolism, it can be concluded that total static compliance is useful as a predictor of 'best PEEP'.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose: Cardiomyopathy is becoming the leading cause of death in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy because mechanically assisted lung ventilation and assisted coughing have helped resolve respiratory complications. To clarify cardiopulmonary function, we compared cardiac function between the home ventilator-assisted and non-ventilator-assisted groups. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy from January 2010 to March 2016 at Gangnam Severance Hospital. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function, and echocardiography data were investigated. Results: Fifty-four patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were divided into 2 groups: home ventilator-assisted and non-ventilator-assisted. The patients in the home ventilator group were older ($16.25{\pm}1.85years$) than those in the nonventilator group ($14.73{\pm}1.36years$) (P=0.001). Height, weight, and body surface area did not differ significantly between groups. The home ventilator group had a lower seated functional vital capacity ($1,038{\pm}620.41mL$) than the nonventilator group ($1,455{\pm}603.2mL$). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening were greater in the home ventilator group, but the data did not show any statistical difference. The early ventricular filling velocity/late ventricular filling velocity ratio ($1.7{\pm}0.44$) was lower in the home ventilator group than in the nonventilator group ($2.02{\pm}0.62$. The mitral valve annular systolic velocity was higher in the home ventilator group (estimated ${\beta}$, 1.06; standard error, 0.48). Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy on a ventilator may have better systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. Conclusion: Noninvasive ventilator assistance can help preserve cardiac function. Therefore, early utilization of noninvasive ventilation or oxygen may positively influence cardiac function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to improve the adsorption capacity of adsorbent made from MSWI (Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator) fly ash by surface oxidation. Used oxidation agents were $HNO_{3}$, $H_{2}SO_{4}$ and $(NH_{4})_{2}S_{2}O_{8}$. These agents can modify the surface property of an adsorbent such as specific surface area, pore volume, and functional group. The surface structure was studied by BET method with $N_{2}$ adsorption. The acid value and base value were determined by Boehm's method. The adsorption properties were investigated with benzene and MEK (Methylethylketone). According to the results, the specific surface area of the adsorbent was increased from 309.2 $m^{2}$/g to 553.2 $m^{2}$/g by $HNO_{3}$ oxidation. But $H_{2}SO_{4}$ and $(NH_{4})_{2}S_{2}O_{8}$ oxidation was decreased slightly. After Oxidation, surface acid value increased, but base value decreased. FAA-N shows the highest acid value. The content of oxygen increased greatly and oxygen group was created on the adsorbent surface. The surface oxidation improved the adsorbing capacity for MEK. The amount of adsorbing MEK was increased from 189 $m^{2}$/g to 639 $m^{2}$/g by $HNO_{3}$ oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2006

The first quantitative structure determination has been obtained for Cu(100)/glycine $(NH_2CH_3COOH)$. The molecule is adsorbed on the surface via two functional groups: the nitrogen of the amino group and one or both two oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group are bonded in near atop site. The Cu-N is tilted $5^{\circ}\pm4^{\circ}C$, away from the surface normal whilst the Cu-O is tilted by $9^{\circ}\pm2^{\circ}C$. The chemical bonding lengths are determined with $2.05\pm0.02\;{\AA}$ for both Cu-N and Cu-O. This bonding geometry is similar to that of glycine on Cu(110). A reanalysis of O Is from the Cu(110)$(2\times3)$pg-glycine show two oxygen atoms are inequivalent, with one being offset $0.29\;{\AA}$ more than the other.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1996

To investigate the structure and function of photosystem I, cartridge mutagenesis technique was used to inactivate the psaB gene of photosystem I. From the screen, many strains which have potential defects in photosystem I were generated. Biochemical analysis revealed that B2, one of the mutant, had a reduced amount of chlorophyll. Electron transfer activitx from photosystem II to photosystem I as oxygen uptake was the rate of 64 % of wild type. Also B2 showed a decreased photosystem I activity when measured by 77 K fluorescence emission spectrum. Particularly, immunodetection analysis showed that the B2 had reduced amount of PsaA/PsaB, but a normal range of PsaC and PsaD. Here we present a photoheterotrophic mutant for psaB gene as a unique model strain for future study of structural/functional relationship and biogenesis of photosystem I.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2012

Single and few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNs) have successfully synthesized by a modified Hummer's method followed by chemical reduction of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of hydrazine monohydrate. GO and GNs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractions (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Optical microscopy (OM) and by electrical conductivity measurements. The result showed that electrical conductivity of GNs was significantly improved, from $4.2{\times}10^{-4}$ S/m for GO to 12 S/m for GNs, possibly due to the removal of oxygen-containing functional group during chemical reduction. In addition, the $NO_2$ gas sensing characteristics of GNs are also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2012

Chemically modified graphene has been great interest for the application of printed electronics using solution prossesable technique. Here, we demonstrate a large area graphene exfoliation method with fewer defects on the basal plane by application of shear stress in solution to obtain high quality reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Moreover, we introduce a novel route to preparing highly concentrated and conductive RGO in various solvents by monovalent cation-${\pi}$ interaction. Noncovalent binding forces can be induced between a monopole (cation) and a quadrupole (aromatic ${\pi}$ system). The stability of this RGO dispersion was more sensitive to the strength of the cation-${\pi}$ interactions than to the cation-oxygen functional group interactions. The RGO film prepared without a post-annealing process displayed superior electrical conductivity of 97,500 S/m. Our strategy can facilitate the development of large scalable production methods for preparing printed electronics made from high-quality RGO nanosheets.