• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

This paper examines the dynamic characteristics of a human carpal muscle through theoretical analysis and experiment. The carpal muscle was modeled as a 1-DOF vibration system and vibration response due to a ramp function force was calculated. The electromyogram signal corresponding to the muscle excitation force was measured, and the excitation force function of an envelope curve from the electromyogram signal was extracted. The ramp input function of electrical stimulation to the carpal muscle was applied by using a device for functional electrical stimulation, and the angular displacements corresponding to steady state response were measured. Theoretical calculations of the vibration response displacements were compared with the experimental results of the angular displacements, and have shown a good agreement with the result that is linearly proportional to the excitation force magnitude. As a result, the relationship between the input current of the electrical stimulation and the excitation force magnitude was inferred. The result was shown that it can be applied to develop rehabilitation training devices.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1018-1023
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• 2005

A new MR cylinder with built-in valves using MR fluid (MR valve) is suggested and fabricated for fluid control systems. The MR fluid is a newly developed functional fluid whose obvious viscosity is controlled by the applied magnetic field intensity. The MR cylinder is composed of cylinder with small clearance and piston with electromagnet. The differential pressure is controlled by the applied magnetic field intensity. It has the characteristics of simple, compact and reliable structure. The size of MR cylinder and piston has ${\varphi}30mm{\times}300mm\;and\;{\varphi}28.5mm{\times}120mm$ in face size, respectively and 0.8mm in gap length. Through experiments, it was found that the differential pressure is controlled by the applied magnetic field intensity under little influence of the flow rate, which corresponds to a pressure control valve. The differential pressure of 0.47MPa and contact force of 320N were obtained with the input current of 1.5A. The rising time of force was 1.1s in step response of a manipulator using the MR cylinder. The effectiveness of the MR cylinder was also demonstrated through the force control.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.402.1-402.1
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• 2014

Photonic force microscopy (PFM) is an optical tweezers-based scanning probe microscopy, which measures the forces in the range of fN to pN. The low stiffness leads proper to measure single molecular interaction. We introduce a novel photonic force microscopy to stably map various chemical properties as well as topographic information, utilizing weak molecular bond between probe and object's surface. First, we installed stable optical tweezers instrument, where an IR laser with 1064 nm wavelength was used as trapping source to reduce damage to biological sample. To manipulate trapped material, electric driven two-axis mirrors were used for x, y directional probe scanning and a piezo stage for z directional probe scanning. For resolution test, probe scans with vertical direction repeatedly at the same lateral position, where the vertical resolution is ~25 nm. To obtain the topography of surface which is etched glass, trapped bead scans 3-dimensionally and measures the contact position in each cycle. To acquire the chemical mapping, we design the DNA oligonucleotide pairs combining as a zipping structure, where one is attached at the surface of bead and other is arranged on surface. We measured the rupture force of molecular bonding to investigate chemical properties on the surface with various loading rate. We expect this system can realize a high-resolution multi-functional imaging technique able to acquire topographic map of objects and to distinguish difference of chemical properties between these objects simultaneously.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.335-353
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• 2022

The current work numerically investigates the transient force and dynamic response of an overhead transmission tower-line structure caused by the passage of a high-speed train (HST). Taking the CRH2C HST and an overhead transmission tower-line structure as the research objects, both an HST-transmission line fluid numerical model and a transmission tower-line structure finite element model are established and validated through comparison with experimental and theoretical data. The transient force and typical dynamic response of the overhead transmission tower-line structure due to HST-induced wind are analyzed. The results show that when the train passes through the overhead transmission tower-line structure, the extreme force on the transmission line is related to the train speed with a significant quadratic function relationship. Once the relative distance from the track is more than 15 m, the train-induced force is small enough to be ignored. The extreme value of the mid-span dynamic response of the transmission line is related to the train speed and span length with a significant linear functional relationship.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2019

Many techniques have been developed for reconstruction of the hand; however, less attention has been paid to foot reconstruction techniques. In particular, reconstruction of the forefoot and big toe has been considered a minor procedure despite the importance of these body parts for standing and walking. Most of the weight load on the foot is concentrated on the forefoot and big toe, whereas the other toes have a minor role in weight bearing. Moreover, the forefoot and big toe are important for maintaining balance and supporting the body when changing directions. Recently, attention has been focused on the aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the body, which are important considerations in the field of reconstructive surgery. In patients for whom flap reconstruction in the forefoot and big toe is planned, clinicians should pay close attention to flap survival as well as functional and cosmetic outcomes of surgery. In particular, it is important to assess the ability of the flap to withstand functional weight bearing and maintain sufficient durability under shearing force. Recovery of protective sensation in the forefoot area can reduce the risk of flap loss and promote rapid rehabilitation and functional recovery. Here, we report our experience with two cases of successful reconstruction of the forefoot and big toe with a sensate anterolateral thigh flap, with a review of the relevant literature.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2005

This paper is proposed maximum thrust design of slotted permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM) using surface harmonic method(SHM) considering slot effect. The genetic a1gorithm is used for optimization. The functional are selected the maximum thrust and the minimum detent force. This time. design parameters are set as permanent magnet(PM) width. PM height and slot width. Thrust is increased from 272[N] to 295[N] and detent force is decreased from 5[N] to 2.43[N] greatly in optimum design. Therefore, thrust ripple isn't generating almost. Also, the results of 2D EMC considering slot-effect are compared with ones of experimental and finite element analysis..

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.260-263
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• 2001

This paper is to develop the sensing system for opening-force measurement such as O-Ring muscular meridian. We designed to overcome the functional limit that the conventional force-sensor can measure just the closing-force. Therefore, the new sensor can meet a variety of application as well as O-Ring test. The structure of the new sensor is an actuator-type system using an electromagnet. That is made up of mechanical system, electromagnet, current transformer and computer interface circuit. Driving software and user interface program of the new sensor system also is explained in this paper.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1510-1519
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• 1994

It is important to understand the friction characteristics between piston-ring assembly and cylinder wall for the friction loss reduction as well as the solution of problem such as scuffing wear and oil consumption. A new system was developed for the piston-ring assembly friction force measurement. This system was applied to the friction force measurement to find its functional relationship with variables such as engine speed, oil viscosity, and engine load. The friction mean effective pressure(fmep) was found to have a linear relationship with$(\vpsilon{U})^{0.42}$ under motering and with$(\vpsilon{U})^{0.45}$ under firing operations, where $\vpsilon$ is the kinematic oil viscosity and U is mean piston speed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 1992

Gait parameters for the Korean normal adults were compared with sex and age. Time-distance measurements and ground reaction force parameters were studied in relation to walking speed. Regression analysis was performed to establish functional relations between walking speed and various gait parameters. It is found that cardence and stride length varied linearly with walking velocity whereas time of double support was inversely proportional to walking velocity. The amplitude of ground reaction force was increased with increasing velocities of gait due to the greater heel-strike force and toe-off forces associated with these higher velocities. The results of this study can be usefull utilized as basic data to design and evaluate prosthetic devices, and to detect abnormal gait performances.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2001

기능적 전기자극(FES)에 의한 사지운동의 효과적인 제어를 위해서는, 전기자극을 입력으로 하여 근력 및 운동을 정확히 출력하는 근골격모델이 요망된다. 이 연구에서는 FES에 의한 근력 및 운동을 보다 정확히 예측할 수 있는 모델을 작성하기 위하여, 기존의 근육모델에서는 포함되지 않았던 근력의 점진적 강화현상에 대한 기초적 성질을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로는, 일정강도의 표면자극에 대한 근력의 강화현상이 주파수, 자극이력, 근육길이에 어떻게 의존하는지를 조사하였다. 실험결과로부터, 자극의 주파수가 높을수록 초기근력에 대한 자극중의 근력의 증가도는 작아지고 근력의 피크에 도달하는 시간이 짧아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 선행 자극에 의해 근육의 내부적인 강화상태가 포화되면 근력은 추가적인 자극에 대해서도 더 이상 증가하지 않았다. 자극시의 근육의 길이는 근력강화에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 근육의 길이가 짧을수록 증가도가 컸다. 장래에는 이러한 결과를 토대로 한 새로운 근력강화의 모델이 요망된다.