• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.453-462
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• 2010

Nowadays, the challenges of ensuring good water quality and quantity of river are becoming more important for human society, but there has been troublesome for purifying river water. In this study, we performed the fundamental study of a river water treatment system using riverside soil and eco-friendly optimal media for improving river water quality and can also treat a large amount of river water. As the results of the physical and chemical characterization of the two different soils (Kyungan and Chungrang, The Republic of Korea), which were collected from real stream sides in the Han River basin, and five kinds of media (zeolite, perlite, steel slag, woodchip and mulch), both soils were all classified as a sand, and effective size ($D_{10}$) and uniformity coefficient (U) of the soil were about 0.2 mm and 4 or so, respectively. Through the batch and column experiments with the soil and eco-friendly media, zeolite and mulch were found to be efficient for decreasing nitrogen. In addition, steel slag was especially superior to the other media for phosphorus removal. From soil reforming tests volume ratios were 2.8, 1, and 1 of Kyungan soil, zeolite, and steel slag hydraulic conductivity of mixed soil was increased $1.30{\times}10^{-2}$ from $2.85{\times}10^{-3}$ of Kyungan soil, and the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus were also improved. These results show that reforming of the soil enhanced the purification of a large amount of water, and zeolite, mulch, and steel slag might be facilitated as proper functional media.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2020

Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a lipid carrier in mammals including humans that consists mainly of polar lipids, like phospholipids and glycolipids. In this study, a process to enrich polar lipids in commercial butter and whey powder, including polar lipids of MFGM, was developed. WPC (whey protein concentrate) 60 was selected as the most suitable raw material based on the yield, phospholipid, protein, and lactose content of the polar lipid fraction obtained by ethanol extraction of two WPC (WPC60 and WPC70) and two buttermilk (A and B). After fractionation under optimum conditions, the polar-lipid enriched fraction from WPC60 contained 38.56% phospholipids. The content of glycolipids, cerebroside, lactosylceramide, ganglioside GM3, ganglioside GD3, was 0.97%, 0.55%, 0.09%, and 0.14%, respectively. Rancimat results showed that the oxidation stability of fish oil increased with an increase in the polar-lipid fraction by more than 30 times. In addition, the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with 0.1 to 100 ppm of the polar lipid fraction. In this study, polar lipid concentrates with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, were prepared from milk processing by-products. The MFGM polar lipid concentrates made from by-products are not only additives for infants, but are also likely to be used as antioxidants in cooking oils and as active ingredients for functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.10 s.281
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• pp.665-671
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• 2005

LSGM is known to show very serious interfacial reaction with other unit cell components, such as electrode, electrode functional or buffering layers. Especially, the formation of very resistive LaSr$Ga_{3}$$O_{7}$ phase at the interface of an anode and an electrolyte is the most problematic one in LSGM-based SOFCs. In this study, we investigated the interfacial reactions in LSGM-based SOFCs under different unit cell configurations. According to the microstructural analysis on the interfacial layer between an electrolyte and its neighboring component, serious interfacial reaction zone was observed. From the electrical and electrochemical characterization of the cell, we found such an interfacial reaction zone not only increased the internal ohmic resistance but also decreased the OCV(Open Cell Voltage) of the unit cell, and thus consequently deteriorated the unit cell performance.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2004

A gene coding for epoxide hydrolase (EH) of Aspergillus niger LK, a fungus possessing the enantioselective hydrolysis activity for racemic epoxides, was characterized by phylogenetic analysis. The deduced protein of A. niger LK epoxide hydrolase shares significant sequence similarity with several bacterial EHs and mammalian microsomal EHs (mEH) and belongs to the a/${\beta}$ hydrolase fold family. EH from A. niger LK had 90.6% identity with 3D crystal structure of lqo7 in Protein Data Bank. Sequence comparison with other source EHs suggested that Asp$\^$l92/, Asp$\^$374/ and His$\^$374/ constituted the catalytic triad. Based on the multiple sequence comparison of the functional and structural domain sequence, the phylogenetic tree between relevant epoxide hydrolases from various species were reconstructed by using Neighbor-Joining method. Genetic distances were so far as 1.841-2.682 but characteristic oxyanion hole and catalytic triad were highly conserved, which means they have diverged from a common ancestor.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.448-454
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• 2008

Two full-length cDNAs, PutPMP3-1 and PutPMP3-2, encoding PMP3 family proteins were isolated from Puccinellia tenuiflora, a monocotyledonous halophyte. Expression of both genes was induced by low temperature, salt stress, dehydration, ABA, and $NaHCO_3$. Transcripts of PutPMP3-2 were more strongly induced by these stresses relative to those of PutPMP3-1, particularly under low temperature and dehydration conditions. Expression of PutPMP3-1 and PutPMP3-2 in yeast mutants lacking the PMP3 gene can functionally complement the membrane hyper-polarization and salt sensitivity phenotypes resulting from PMP3 deletion. To compare the functions of PutPMP3-1 and PutPMP3-2, the orthologous genes in rice (OsLti6a and OsLti6b) were isolated. Both OsLti6a and OsLti6b could functionally complement the loss of PMP3 in yeast. PutPMP3-2 and OsLti6a were more effective in reversing membrane hyperpolarization than PutPMP3-1 and OsLti6b. However, the four yeast transformants each showed similar levels of salt tolerance. These results imply that these PMP3 family members don't function identically under different stress tolerance conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.913-919
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• 2015

In vertebrates, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, binds the biologically active ligand $1{\alpha},25-(OH)_2$-vitamin $D_3$ (1,25 $D_3$). Nearly all vertebrates, including Agnatha, possess a VDR with high ligand selectivity for 1,25 $D_3$ and related metabolites. Although a putative ancestral VDR gene is present in the genome of the chordate invertebrate Ciona intestinalis, the functional characteristics of marine invertebrate VDR are still obscure. To elucidate the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi VDR (HrVDR), we cloned full-length HrVDR cDNA and investigated the transcriptional activity of HrVDR in HEK293 cells. HrVDR consists of 1,680 nucleotides (559 amino acids [aa]), including a short N-terminal region (A/B domain; 26 aa), DNA-binding domain (C domain; 72 aa), hinge region (D domain; 272 aa), and C-terminal ligand-binding domain (E domain; 161 aa). The amino acid sequence identity of HrVDR was greatest to that of C. intestinalis VDR (56%). In the luciferase reporter assays, the transcriptional activity of HrVDR was not significantly increased by 1,25 $D_3$, whereas the farnesoid X receptor agonist GW4064 increased the transactivation of HrVDR. These results suggest the presence of a novel ligand for and a distinct ligand-binding domain in ascidian VDR.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.749-758
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• 2006

The cytosolic members of the HSP70 family of proteins play key roles in the molecular chaperone machinery of the cell. In the study we cloned and sequenced the full-length cDNA of Delia antiqua HSP70 gene, which is 2461 bp long and encodes 643 a.a. with a calculated molecular mass of 70,787 Da. We investigated gene copies of cytosolic HSP70 members of 4 insect species with complete genome available, and found that they are quite variable with species. In order to characterize this protein we carried out an alignment and a phylogenetic analysis with 41 complete protein sequences from insects. The analysis divided the cytosolic members of the family into two classes, HSP70 and HSC70, distinguishable on the basis of 15 residues. HSP70 class members were slightly shorter in length and smaller in molecular mass relative to the HSC70 class members, and the conservative and functional regions in these sequences were documented. Mainly, we investigated the expression of Delia antiqua HSP70 gene, in response to diapauses and thermal stresses. Both summer and winter diapauses elevated HSP70 transcript levels. Cold-stress led to increased HSP70 expression levels in summer- and winter-diapausing pupae, but heat-stress elevated the levels only in the winter-diapausing pupae. In all cases, the expression levels, after being elevated, gradually decreased with time. HSP70 expression was low in non-diapausing pupae but was up-regulated following cold- and heat-stresses. Heat-stress gradually increased the mRNA level with time whereas cold-stress gradually decreased levels after an initial increase.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2004

Polymer-clay nanocomposite containing the low amounts of clay shows improved physical, mechanical properties. In this study, allyl ester prepolymer was synthesised by reactions of the diallyl terephthalate monomers and the 1,3-butanediol monomers. Nanocomposites of allyl ester prepolymer and the two kinds of the organically layered silicate were prepared by using the intercalation method as well as the in-situ polymerization method using. By varying the amount of clay content, curing conditions, and feeding conditions. the nanocomposite was studied using X-ray diffraction. From XRD results, allyl ester-Cloisite 30 B nanocomposite made by the in-situ polymerization method shows better exfoliation behavior compared with the intercalation method. It can be said that the transesterification reaction between functional groups (-OH) of intercalant and monomers results in the increased gallery distance. Also mechanical and thermal properties indicate that the dispersity of clay is an important factor for improving physical properties of the nanocomposite.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2004

Odontoblasts are responsible for the formation and maintenance of dentin. They are known to synthesize unique gene products including dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Another unique genes of the cells remain unclear. OD314 was isolated from the odontoblasts/pulp cells of rats and partially characterized as an odontoblast-enriched gene (Dey et al., 2001). This study aimed to elucidate the biological function of OD314, relating to odontoblast differentiation and dentinogenesis. After determining the open reading frame (ORP) of OD314 by transient transfection analysis using green fluorescent protein (GPP) expression vector, mRNA in-situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western analysis were performed. The results were as follows: 1. In in-situ hybridization, OD314 mRNAs were expressed in odontoblasts of developing coronal and root pulp. 2. OD314 was a novel protein encoding 154 amino acids, and the protein was mainly expressed in cytoplasm by transient transfection analysis. 3. Mineralized nodules were associated with multilayer cell nodules in the culture of human dental pulp cells and first detected from day 21 using alizarin-red S staining. 4. In RT-PCR analysis, OD314, osteocalcin (OC) and DSPP strongly expressed throughout 28 days of culture. Whereas, osteonectin (ON) mRNA expression stayed low up to day 14, and then gradually decreased from day 21. 5. Western blots showed an approximately 17 kDa band. OD314 protein was expressed from the start of culture and then increased greatly from day 21. In conclusion, OD314 is considered as an odontoblast-enriched gene and may play important roles in odontoblast differentiation and dentin mineralization.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2015

This study compared the meat quality of sea rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss frame muscle (S-FR-TY) and fillet (S-FI-TY) with the frame muscle of freshwater rainbow trout (F-FR). There was a difference of < 1% in the proximate composition of S-FR-TY vs. S-FI-TY, and of S-FR-TY vs. F-FR. The Hunter a value of F-FR-TY was lower compared with that of F-FR cultured in Jecheon (F-FR-JC), but higher than that of F-FR cultured in Pyeongtaek (F-FR-PT). However, no difference in the Hunter a value of S-FR-TY compared with any other F-FR was observed. The odor intensity of S-FR-TY was lower compared with that of F-FR, while the taste of S-FR-TY was milder than that of S-FI-TY, but stronger than that of F-FR. Although its total amino acid content was lower, the essential amino acid content of S-FR-TY was higher compared with S-FI-TY; the potassium content of S-FR-TY was also significantly greater. S-FR-TY contained high levels of nutritional and functional components, such as anserine, lysine, threonine, and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid. These results suggest that S-FR-TY could be used as a resource of canned food or fish jerky for children.