• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6215-6223
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• 2015

Tyrosine phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating human physiological and pathological processes. Functional stabilization of tyrosine phosphorylation largely contributes to the balanced, coordinated regulation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Research has revealed PTPs play an important suppressive role in carcinogenesis and progression by reversing oncoprotein functions. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase O (PTPRO) as one member of the PTPs family has also been identified to have some roles in tumor development. Some reports have shown PTPRO over-expression in tumors can not only inhibit the frequency of tumor cell division and induce tumor cell death, but also suppress migration. However, the tumor-suppression mechanisms are very complex and understanding is incomplete, which in some degree blocks the further development of PTPRO. Hence, in order to resolve this problem, we here have summarized research findings to draw meaningful conclusions. We found tumor-suppression mechanisms of PTPRO to be diverse, such as controlling G0/G1 of the tumor cell proliferation cycle, inhibiting substrate phosphorylation, down-regulating transcription activators and other activities. In clinical anticancer efforts, expression level of PTPRO in tumors can not only serve as a biomarker to monitor the prognosis of patients, but act as an epigenetic biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis. In addition, the re-activation of PTPRO in tumor tissues, not only can induce tumor volume reduction, but also enhance the susceptibility to chemotherapy drugs. So, we can propose that these research findings of PTPRO will not only support new study ideas and directions for other tumor-suppressors, importantly, but also supply a theoretical basis for researching new molecular targeting agents in the future.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2007

A bridge is a space used as a passage. This space should be functional, solid, and beautiful. Since the beginning of human life, bridge architecture has given importance to function as a connection from one place to another. Stepping stones in the stream were the connections between divided spaces in the agricultural life, the bridge on the entrances of a town was the place for separation, expectation, and communication for people gathering around the community. Southern Chinese provinces such as Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan, and Guizhon is famous for it's spectacular scenary, and tribes like the 'Miao' and 'Dong' live in a cooperate community. The 'Dong' tribe is one of the 'Yue' genealogy where the people have settled down in this place in the days of 'Qin Shi Huang(Qin dynasty)'. As the population of the 'Dong' tribe growed, they used a bridge to connect town to town. The scale became larger with additional design, giving splendid achievement to bridge architecture. The 'Fungyu bridge' in Tongdao and 'Chungyang bridge' in Sanjiang are some fine examples. The Fungyu bridge could be defined as a bridge which blocks wind and rain, this has the same function as the lounge bridge in Taishun located in southern Zhejiang province. In Taishun, 5 minority races such as the 'Dong' and 'Miao' people have been living together as a clan society for centuries on mountains as high as 1000m following their own tradition. The 'Xiliu river' flowing thorough has a variety of bridges remaining in it's original form, and it is recently known as a museum of ancient bridges. The formation of the bridges in Tongdao and Taishun shows that it is different with the arch and straight bridges remaining in Korea. In this study, it is readjusting the base data, showing plan characteristics and describing the construction of the wooden structure above the bridge post.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find out distributional principles of the shop-houses in residential district through physical composition of residential area. Through the research that are based on literature and field survey, it analysed the relation between physical composition of residential area and the shop-houses of selected four sites under similar urban condition where land readjustment project were held. The consequences of this study are summarized as follows; 1) A road that is not penetrating the inside a residential area is seemed to have low occupancy of shops comparing to other roads with similar hierarchy. And the shops functions as convenience facilities. It can be inferred from the statement above that even a road with higher hierarchy is not easy to form commercial area if without penetrating the residential area. 2) According to the size and the arranged method of Inner blocks of residential area towards major roads, distribution of shop-houses appear to be different. In other words, when shop-houses are located along the roads, the proportion of shop was higher than when located perpendicular to the roads. 3) When the number of average lots are little and the size of block is small, usually, street ratio and the number of corners gets higher, which eventually increases the number of shop-houses.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2000

For the regeneration of osseous defect on the furcation area, autogeneous bone graft has been primarily used. But it has the limitation of donor site, additive surgical operation etc. Recently anorganic xenogenic bone graft materials of removing all organic components are commonly used for the regeneration of periodontal defects. This study was the comparison of the effect on the regeneration with two types xenografts($Bio-oss^{(R)}$ and Ca-P thin coated Bovine bone powder) on the furcation involvement in Beagle dogs. After surgically induced chronic periodontitis in bifurcation area of premolar, $Bio-oss^{(R)}$ and Ca-P BBP were grafted on the osseous defects. Tissue blocks including defects with soft tissues were harvested following a four-& eight-week healing interval and prepared for histologic analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. $Bio-oss^{(R)}$ group: there were significant differences among the $Bio-oss^{?}$ group at 4weeks and 8weeks, but the control group had various appearances : new bone formation, resorption of graft materials by multinuclear giant cells, connective tissue cells intervention in the bone graft sites etc. 2. Ca-P BBP group: lots of new bone formation were observed but the arrangement of periodontal ligament was not completed at 4weeks. New bone were replaced mature bone and the periodontal ligaments showed the functional arrangement at 8weeks. 3. By reason of undergrowing the epithelium within the osseous defects, new bone formation was not happened in the upper area of bifurcation in $Bio-oss^{(R)}$ group. 4. In Ca-P BBP group, epithelial undergrowth was not seen and generally showed much more new bone formation. 5. Ca-P BBP group showed the osteocyte-like cells at the inner portion of the graft materials 6. Both groups were similar to resorptive appearances of graft materials, but Ca-P BBP group had the better effects of osteoconduction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2006

Platelets are anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes, and endothelial cells constitute the barrier between bloodstream and adjacent tissues. Although platelets are thought to regulate the biological functions of endothelial cells, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. With human umbilical vein endothelial cells and freshly isolated platelets, we established an in vitro model of platelet-induced endothelial cell proliferation. Platelets stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and transwell experiments with semi-permeable membranes suggested that direct cell-to-cell contacts were required. We developed mAbs against platelets and selected a mAb that blocks their proliferative effect. We purified the antigen by immunoprecipitation and identified it by Q-TOF MS analysis as the tetraspanin CD9. Since both platelets and endothelial cells expressed CD9 strongly on their surfaces we carried out a pre-treatment experiment that showed that CD9 molecules on the endothelial cells participate in the mitogenic effect of the platelets. The inhibitory effect of our mAb was comparable to that of a well-known functional anti-CD9 mAb. These results suggest that the tetraspanin CD9 plays an important role in endothelial regeneration.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권11호
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• pp.1663-1668
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• 2017

A BLDC motor with higher number of phases has several advantages, compared to the conventional three-phase BLDC motors. It can reduce the commutation torque ripple and the iron loss without increasing the voltage per phase and increase the reliability and power density. Higher number of phases increase the torque-per-ampere ratio for the same machine volume and output power by widening the electrical conduction period. In this paper, the proposed seven-phase BLDC motor drive system is made into several functional modular blocks, so that it can be easily extended to other ac motor applications: back-EMF block, hysteresis current control block, pwm inverter block, phase current block, and speed/torque control block. Also in a system of BLDC motor drive, the PI controller has been widely used in the speed controller because of the simple implementation. To obtain a good speed response in a general drive system using the PI controller, the high bandwidth of a controller is established. therefore, in this paper, a Fuzzy controller is applied to the 7-phase BLDC motor drive system in order to improve the speed control performance. The Fuzzy controller is compared with a conventional PI controller through the experiment with respect to speed dynamic responses. These experimental results show that the Fuzzy controller of the 7-phase BLDC motor drive system is superior over the conventional PI controller. The algorithm using the Fuzzy controller can improve a comfortable ride in the field of high performance 7-phase BLDC motor drive applications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2018

Background: It was previously found that Korean Red Ginseng water extract (KRGE) inhibits the histamine-induced itch signaling pathway in peripheral sensory neurons. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether KRGE inhibited another distinctive itch pathway induced by chloroquine (CQ); a representative histamine-independent pathway mediated by MrgprA3 and TRPA1. Methods: Intracellular calcium changes were measured by the calcium imaging technique in the HEK293T cells transfected with both MrgprA3 and TRPA1 ("MrgprA3/TRPA1"), and in primary culture of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Mouse scratching behavior tests were performed to verify proposed antipruritic effects of KRGE and ginsenoside Rg3. Results: CQ-induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx was strongly inhibited by KRGE ($10{\mu}g/mL$) in MrgprA3/TRPA1, and notably ginsenoside Rg3 dose-dependently suppressed CQ-induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx in MrgprA3/TRPA1. Moreover, both KRGE ($10{\mu}g/mL$) and Rg3 ($100{\mu}M$) suppressed CQ-induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx in primary culture of mouse DRGs, indicating that the inhibitory effect of KRGE was functional in peripheral sensory neurons. In vivo tests revealed that not only KRGE (100 mg) suppressed CQ-induced scratching in mice [bouts of scratching: $274.0{\pm}51.47$ (control) vs. $104.7{\pm}17.39$ (KRGE)], but also Rg3 (1.5 mg) oral administration significantly reduced CQ-induced scratching as well [bouts of scratching: $216.8{\pm}33.73$ (control) vs.$115.7{\pm}20.94$ (Rg3)]. Conclusion: The present study verified that KRGE and Rg3 have a strong antipruritic effect against CQ-induced itch. Thus, KRGE is as a promising antipruritic agent that blocks both histamine-dependent and -independent itch at peripheral sensory neuronal levels.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.735-737
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• 2017

An Off grid or remote solar electric systems are an energy supply to our home or to our companies without the utility of Grid at all. Off grid solar systems are very important for those who live in remote locations especially for developing countries where getting the electric grid is extremely expensive, inconvenient or for those who doesn't need to pay a monthly bill with the electric bill in general. The main critical components of any solar power system or renewable energy harvesting systems are the energy storage systems and its charge controller system. Energy storage systems are the essential integral part of a solar energy harvesting system and in general for all renewable energy harvesting systems. To provide an optimal solution of both high power density and high energy density at the same time we have to use hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), that combine two or more energy storage technologies with complementary characteristics. In this present work, design and simulation we use two storage systems supercapacitor for high power density and lithium based battery for high energy density. Here the system incorporates fast-response supercapacitors to provide power to manage solar smoothing and uses a battery for load shifting. On this paper discuss that the total energy throughout of the battery is much reduced and the typical thermal stresses caused by high discharge rate responses are mitigated by integrating supercapacitors with the battery storage system. In addition of the above discussion the off grid solar electric energy harvesting presented in this research paper includes battery and supercapacitor management system, MPPT (maximum power point tracking) system and back/boost convertors. On this present work the entire model of off grid electric energy harvesting system and all other functional blocks of that system is implemented in MATLAB Simulink.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1933-1940
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• 1997

본 논문은 4개의 생체에서 계측된 생체신호를 처리할 수 있는 기능을 가진 시스템을 CMOS 기술을 사용하여 단일칩화하여 포토다이오드와 LED의 적외선을 전송매체로 하여 외부 관측시스템으로 미소 생체신호를 송수신하는 광전송시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 전원전압에 대한 의존성을 감소시키고, 연속된 4 생체 4 채널 텔레미터를 구현하기 위해 적외선 통신이 가능한 강제 동기식 방법을 제안하였다. $5.1{\times}5.1mm^2$ 크기의 신호처리용 IC는 외부 명령신호 수신, 내부 블럭 초기화, 생체 선택신호 해독, 생체신호 시분할 다중화, 외부 시스템에 데이터 전송 및 자동 전원차단 등의 기능이 있다. 또한 본 논문에서 개발된 생체신호처리용 IC 검증을 위해 외부관측시스템을 상용 IC를 사용해 조립후 심전도를 송신해 외부관측시스템에서 수신하는 광전송시스템을 구현하였다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2017

처음 스마트폰이 출시된 이후 다양한 모바일 디바이스들의 발전으로 모바일 트래픽의 사용이 폭발적으로 증가하고 있다. 특히 개인 방송, TV 콘텐츠를 지원하는 OTT(On-The-Top) 서비스가 발전하고 이를 이용하는 사용자가 많아질수록 높은 전송률을 요구하는 영상 트래픽이 증가하게 되어 망의 과부화가 발생할 수밖에 없다. 본 논문에서는 D2D(Device-to-Device) 통신과 위치기반 서비스를 이용하여, OTT 서비스 트래픽에서 발생하는 망 과부화를 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 무선통신망의 OTT 서비스 트래픽을 효과적으로 처리하기 위하여 기존 셀룰러 네트워크에 위치기반 서비스와 D2D 단말 관리를 수행할 수 있는 D2DS(D2D Server)와 LCS(Location Server) 기능블록을 추가하였다. D2DS와 LCS를 통해 OTT 서비스에서 콘텐츠 제공자나 수신자의 역할을 하는 사용자에게 위치기반 D2D를 제공할 수 있는 절차를 추가로 제안하였다.