• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

A knee joint's longevity depends on the proper integration of structural components in an axial alignment. If just one of the components is abnormally off-axis, the biomechanical system fails, resulting in arthritis. The complexity of various failures in the knee joint has led orthopedic surgeons to select total knee replacement as a primary treatment. In many cases, this means sacrificing much of an other-wise normal joint. Here, we review novel computational approaches to describe knee physiotherapy by introducing a new dimension of foot loading to the knee axis alignment producing an improved functional status of the patient. New physiotherapeutic applications are then possible by aligning foot loading with the functional axis of the knee joint during the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.241-260
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• 2019

Prebiotics are defined as substrates that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring various health benefits. Current prebiotic researches not only focus on non-digestible oligosaccharides, but also extend to polyphenols and peptides. However, the extended scope of prebiotic research pertains its original purposes: promotion of beneficial bacteria in host guts and production of valuable metabolites. Maintenance of optimal gut microflora plays a key role in host health care benefits including anti-cancer activity, immune response modulation, blood lipid level reduction, increased mineral absorption, and weight loss. With increasing probiotics markets, prebiotics have also received much attention in functional food markets. Hence, many global food companies tempt to develop new prebiotics applicable for preventing human diseases as well as modulating immune system. In this review, we discuss current status of prebiotics research, market progress, and future perspectives of prebiotics.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2020

Milk proteins, such as casein and whey protein, exhibit significant potential as natural emulsifiers for the preparation and stabilization of emulsion-based delivery systems. This can be attributed to their unique functional properties, such as the amphiphilic nature, GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status, high nutritional value, and viscoelastic film-forming ability around oil droplets. In addition, milk protein has been used as a coating material in emulsion-based delivery systems to protect bioactive compounds during food processing and storage owing to its unique functional properties. These properties include the ability to bind lipophilic bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. In this review, we present the use of milk proteins as emulsifiers for the formation of emulsions and food applications of milk protein-stabilized emulsion delivery systems.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

Tongue reconstruction remains a major aspect of head and neck reconstructive procedures. Surgeons planning tongue reconstruction should consider several factors to optimize the overall outcomes. Specifically, various technical aspects related to tongue reconstruction have been found to affect the outcomes. Multidisciplinary teams dedicated to oncologic, reconstructive, and rehabilitative approaches play an essential role in the reconstructive process. Moreover, operative planning addressing certain patient-related and defect-related factors is crucial for optimizing functional speech and swallowing, as well as quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, tongue reconstruction is a delicate process, in which overall functional outcomes result from proper flap selection and shaping, recipient vessel preparation and anastomosis, surgical approaches to flap insetting, and postoperative management. The second part of this review summarizes these factors in relation to tongue reconstruction.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explicate the contemporary concept of the term 'sportswear' by studying the history of sportswear tradition in America where sportswear was first established and developed. American sportswear originated from some functional clothes made for specific sports during the 19th century. Early in 20th century, there occurred many significant events in America while Americans were undergoing two successive world wars. First of all, due to the wars, women's role in labor force became so significant that their social status was enhanced remarkably. With economy growing every decade, the amount of leisure time for American people substantially increased and, therefore they could develop their leisure activity culture. All these changes made Americans demand the need for comfortable and functional clothes suitable for their changed way of life. In response to this demand, the sportswear tradition became mature due to the contribution by many creative All-American designers, most of whom have made their active contributions since 1970s. Now the sportswear, which used to be designed for specific sports, developed into casual wear in general with its extended definition. The contemporary concept of sportswear is no longer limited to those clothes for specific sports. Sportswear has now become more like a casual activity wear which all classes of people can enjoy in their life. Since the concept and scope of sportswear is extended to a great degree today, we need a new professional term to correctly express the extended nature of these contemporary clothes.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.138-142
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• 2015

Most of the existing studies on functional safety testing for the railway signaling system software have focused on verifying the functional safety through the monitoring of internal memory embedded railway signaling system. However, the railway signaling system is one of the typical embedded control system in the railway sector, and the embedded software has a characteristic of generating an appropriate outputs through the combination of internal processing in consideration of the current internal status and external input. Therefore, the test approach of using the interface communication channel can be effective way for the functional testing for railway signaling system software in consideration of these characteristic. Since a communication interface specification of the railway signal system has a the properties of the sequence input and output signals, test-case for software testing is the most effective methodology by MSC (Message Sequence Chart) language, one of the graphic language. The MSC-based test-case generating methodology for signaling system software was proposed in this paper.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2020

Purpose- This study examines the multi-mediation effect of personal self-congruity and social self-congruity to perceived value and brand attitude on aircraft customers in China. Research design, data and methodology- Survey was conducted on Chinese citizens who had flown via Chinese airlines and lived mainly in the Yangtze River delta. 727 cases were analyzed. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used to analyze the data. Results - First, perceived economic value has a positive impact on personal self-congruity and social self-congruity but has no effect on brand attitude. Second, perceived functional value has a positive impact on personal self-congruity, social self-congruity, and brand attitude. Third, based on this, perceived economic value is not directly related to brand attitude. However, there is a relationship between perceived functional value and brand attitude, with personal self-congruity and social self-congruity having mediation effects. Conclusions - The Results show that perceived economic and functional value such as competitive airfare, mileage membership, check-in processes, diversified vouchers and coupons, and also basic services such as flight security and flight attendant service having an effect on personal self-congruity. To improve consumer brand attitude, airlines should take into consideration personal self-congruity factors such as their values and lifestyles, and their social self-congruity factors such as their social status and social security.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Sericulture is a traditional agro-industry, which involves mulberry cultivation and silkworm rearing, has made great contributes to the human civilization. With the development of national economy and modem technology, mulberry and silkworm are being used to develop products with functionality besides the traditional cocoon production in China. In this paper, we brief the current developing situation of sericultural byproducts with functionality in the following aspects. (1) Functional products from silkworm larvae: silkworm powder, white muscardine silkworm, isolation and purification of anti-bacterial proteins from the larvae and production of medically valuable substances by Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) vector. (2) Utilization of silkworm feces: for pillow and for isolation of chlorophyll etc. (3) Production of valuable Chinese traditional medicine like Cordyceps sinensis with pupae, functional utilization of pupa protein and chitin. (4) Silk as additives to cosmetics, silk food and medical materials. (5) Functional utilization of mulberry: cultivation of edible fungus on mulberry shoots as medium, mulberry fruit drinks, mulberry tea, etc. The prospect of sericultural byproduct industry in China is also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 1988

Health, a major concept in nursing, has not yet consistent or agreed upon definition. Although effective health care depends on clear communication between health care provider and client clear definition of health would enhance the promotion of quality in health care. There are no agreed definitions or criteria for overall health. An essentialstep would seem to be to determine commonly held meaning about the concept of health. Therefore, the study was aimed at identifying the Adult's perceptions of health concept. The subject's consisting of 312 adults, who were sampled through area sampling from May 10 to May 30,1988. The instruments used for this study were Health Conception Scale, which was developed by Smith, Laffrey's revised and tested its reliability. The data was Analyzed by S.P.S.S. program and the results were as follows ; 1. The results of the reliability test for content of health concept was $\alpha$＝.87. 2. The respondents perception of Health Meaning were inclined to emphasize the functional / role performance dimension rather than clinical dimension. 3. The perceptual level of health concept was proved to be significantly different by the variable : age, sex, religion, area marital status. In conclusion, adult's perception of Health Concept is revealed that functional and role performance dimension is more important than other dimensions. Futher study is necessary to clarify the structure of functional, adaptive, eudaimonistic dimension and systematic study with subculture will be and repetitive verification and modification of this tool is demanded.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2020

Probiotics are actively being studied for their efficacious anticancer, anticholesterol, and antidiabetic properties. As novel probiotic strains are being developed continuously, new strain-specific safety issues may be reported. Therefore, a procedure for the safety evaluation of probiotic strains is needed. In this study, we investigated the current status of domestic and foreign guidelines for the evaluation of safety of probiotics and suggested a general probiotic safety evaluation process. In other countries, the guidelines for probiotic evaluation are provided and managed separately. However, in Korea, general guidelines are provided regarding the use of functional ingredients, and specific guidelines for the use of probiotics are lacking. A review step based on the characteristics of the probiotics has been introduced in the procedure for safety evaluation of probiotics. Additionally, it has been suggested that the safety evaluation process should consider the results of the functional and genomic analysis for strain identification. Moreover, the factors to be evaluated are presented separately for the notified and non-notified strains. The suggested evaluation procedure may ensure the safety of probiotics, thereby promoting enhanced utilization of probiotics as functional products.