• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.4 s.28
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• pp.43-55
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• 2001

Living spaces are the results of social environment and also the reflection of the viewpoints by their residents toward human culture and society. Therefore, in studying living spaces, the true essence of the spaces could be easily distorted when cultural and symbolic motives and values are disregarded and only their apparent characteristics are looked into. Hence, it's necessary to simultaneously understand both physical dwelling spaces from architecture's view points and social ideas, simultaneously, of people who form and interact with the spaces. Hence, this paper tries to study housing religion which is one of shamanistic religions which, in turn, have been the fundamental element of ancient religions and came into existence on the basis of dwelling spaces. This study presumes that house religion may have been permeated with its creators' ideas about living and those ideas could be one of those factors which plays a role in organizing of dwelling spaces. As such, with these prior analyses, this thesis attempts to understand the meaning of various dwelling spaces via the characteristics and functionalities of various house spirits which are mentioned in a local house religion and also will find out spatial harmony of Korean traditional living spaces by way of corelations among living spaces, people, and personalized house spirits. Almost all traditional Korean houses have assigned a house spirit to their individual dwelling space. This means a traditional house was considered as a scared space in a secular world called human society and the space was actually intended to protect sacredness of dwelling places from earthliness outside. So when the hierarchy of house spirits in housing religion is projected to a Korean traditional house, it can be shown that a dwelling house as a building was personified to a respectable human status. In other words, it can be concluded that each space was synonymous with a dwelling place for each house spirit and was considered a sacred godly place. In a nutshell, not only each space in a Korean traditional house was a physical and functional space, but also it formed a scared spatial place along with the concept of house spirits intending to ward off disasters and enjoy a comfortable life through those religious symbols and meanings. Housing shamanistic religion which has long been existing with residents and their lives is seeped with the viewpoints of the residents toward life, and hence understanding the meanings and organization of Korean traditional housing can reveal commonly practiced principles of spatial organization of the traditional houses. Therefore an analysis of Korean traditional housing on the basis of humanistic social ideas will help learn Korea's traditional houses which need to be understood in various methods.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2018

Collagen peptide plays a protective role in skin by increasing the activity of antioxidant, acts like an activator of skin regeneration by positive feedback and is used as a potent candidate for cosmetics or functional food. GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors of both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal processes in vertebrates, is also involved in the synthesis of melatonin and might exert regulatory effects on sleep and reproductive functions. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of a mixture of collagen peptide and GABA (J85091900) on skin and sleep condition in woman experiencing sleep disorder. We found that oral supplement with J85091900 significantly decreased the value of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), increased sleeping time by 7%, and also improved skin roughness (Ra, Rz, Rt), periorbital wrinkle (Ra, Rt), and skin capacitance in human. These findings indicate that dual strategy with which skin improvement is accomplished using collagen peptide and sleeping well is acquired using GABA could be the novel solution for sleeping beauty by edible cosmetics to improve skin status.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the nursing needs and satisfaction of patients who are hospitalized at hospice palliative care institutions. Methods: This study included 80 hospice patients who were in-patients of the hospice department of two general hospitals in S city. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients using the IBM SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The mean score of nursing needs and satisfaction were 3.58 (${\pm}0.31$) and 3.25 (${\pm}0.20$) respectively. Significant differences in hospice nursing needs and satisfaction were observed in terms of general characteristics including gender, education level, occupation, religion, support for medical expense and functional status. Significant positive correlation was found between the overall nursing needs and nursing satisfaction. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, in order to improve the quality of hospice service, further study is necessary in a comprehensive manner to develop nursing intervention to meet physical, psychological/social, spiritual, and educational/referral nursing needs of hospice in-patients.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

Lunate revascularization with the vascularized bone grafts is a current concept in the treatment of Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck disease. The aim of this study is to present our experience and preliminary results of the treatment using the fourth extensor compartment artery (4 ECA) vascularized bone graft for Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck disease. Between May 2009 and June 2010, five patients (3 men and 2 women) with Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck disease were treated with 4 ECA vascularized bone grafts. The mean age was 32.8 years and mean follow-up time was 13 months. The patients were composed of two patients in stage II and three patients in stage IIIa according to Lichtman's classification. Modified Mayo wrist score including pain, grip strength, range of motion and functional status and radiographic parameters such as carpal height ratio and radioscaphoid angle were evaluated at a final follow-up. Pain was markedly diminished and modified Mayo wrist score was 82 at last follow up period. There were no or little changes in carpal height ratio and radioscaphoid angle. All patients showed satisfactory bony union and no further lunate collapse on follow-up radiographs. The 4 ECA vascularized bone graft is a reliable alternative procedures among revascularization procedures for treatment of Kienbo${\ddot{o}}$ck's disease. It is less invasive and has low risk of kinking of pedicle compared to the 4+5 ECA vascularized bone graft. However, long term follow-up and MRI evaluation at follow up period should be needed for the future.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2016

Medicinal plants resources are becoming important assets since their usages have been expanded to the development of functional foods for human health, natural cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, names are different from each country and their phylogenetic origins are not clear. These lead consumers to be confused. In particular, when they are morphologically similar and distributed as dried roots, it is extremely difficult to differentiate their origins even by specialists. Recently, molecular markers have been extensively applied to identify the origin of many crops. In this review, we tried to overview the current research achievements for the development of suitable 'origin identification' regarding to the differentiation of Angelica species. Furthermore, more advanced techniques including amplification genome based marker analyses are also discussed for their practical applications in the authentication of particular medicinal plant in Angelica species.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.9 no.1 s.17
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• pp.45-63
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to develop Family Welfare Program for strengthening Family Life, especially focused on the Family Life Education. In order to perform the above research purpose, this study was organized three sections. First, conceptualizing strong family second, measurement the degree of strong family third, is about the Family Life Education. I defined that the concept of strong family is functional family that is family members(husbands & wives)perform successfully internal family functions. I measured the strong family by means of family function performance scale which is composed by 54 questionnaires. Through the survey study with the family function performance scale. I recognized the necessity of Family Life Education for strengthening family function. Family Life Education(FLE)is an educational specialty which was originated in reaction to changing social conditions, industrialization, and urbanization. It deals with the perceive inadequacies of families to cope with these changes, thereby reducing social problems involved with, and improving family life. With and assumption that the studies about FLE have not been so active in Korea, the present thesis examines the FLE in Korea : i.e., the defintion, the objectives, the scope, the approximation of family life education, and the necessity of marital education in Korea based upon the published theories of FLE in the United States of America. Also, it attemps to formulate tentative plan for the promotion of a FLE program in Korea. The concept of FLE in Korea was mainfested itn the social educational law and lifespan institutional, governmental attention. It is defined as "the family life education to enhance the quality of human life, to solve family problems, to develop and individual's potentiality, and to strengthen the family interaction." Of the FLE program, the marital education is considered one of the crucial subjects because it is the core of the family life. With this premise, FLE tries to support the healthy marital relations, subsequently helping to explore the family potentiality and to strengthen family ties. Considering the seemingly dual characteristics of the contents of marital educations, and effective expressions of mutual affection. In addition, reciprocal understanding and cooperation of the married couples to overcome the differences of value, personality, hobby, and religion, the educational methods in child rearing kids, and the effective management of home economics should be included. The objects of the FLE program are unmarried, pre-married, and married persons. For the married persons, the FLE program should be arranged in accordance with their marital status classified by the family life cycle so that they amy prevent possible family problems t each stages of the family life. Also, to prevent the problems incurred in the course of carrying out family functions, the FLE program should be provided with on the basis of a family unit, there by improving the quality of the family functions.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2008

Nanotechnology(NT) refers to a field of advanced micro-technology covering the creation and manufacturing of materials on the atomic and molecular scale and requires interdisciplinary study with various fields including materials science, physics, chemistry, electronics and others. Whileas nanotechnology is a kind of micro and small scaled science, space technology(ST) is one of the larger and system technologies utilizing broad fields of mechanical, materials, electronics and communication technologies. It is necessary to select and concentrate the functional items of nanotechnology for efficient application to be utilized in space technology, due to the cross-sectional characteristics of nanotechnology within nanomaterials, nanoelectronics, and nanomanufacturing. This paper provides the current state of art of nanotechnology in space technology by evaluating NASA's activities and the 9th frame of the project ANTARES(Analysis of Nanotechnology Applications in Space Developments and Systems) with the support of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Space Flight Management, Division Technology for Space Systems and Robotics. It has shown that it is necessary to apply nanotechnology to space technology in order to achieve international competitiveness, for the nanotechnology can bring the previously impossible things to reality. Since KARI plans to send an unmanned probe to the moon's orbit and land a probe on the moon's surface in 2025, it is urgently needed to incorporate nanotechnology to national space development plan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.6103-6108
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• 2013

Objective: Excision repair cross-complementing group 6 (ERCC6) is a major component of the nucleotide excision repair pathway that plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability and integrity. Several recent studies suggested a link of ERCC6 polymorphisms with susceptibility to various cancers. However, the relation of ERCC6 polymorphism with gastric cancer (GC) risk remains elusive. In this sex- and age-matched case-control study including 402 GC cases and 804 cancer-free controls, we aimed to investigate the association between a potentially functional polymorphism (rs1917799 T>G) in the ERCC6 regulatory region and GC risk. Methods: The genotypes of rs1917799 were determined by Sequenom MassARRAY platform and the status of Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with the common TT genotype, the ERCC6 rs1917799 GG genotype was associated with increased GC risk (adjusted OR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.03-2.08, P=0.035). When compared with (GT+TT) genotypes, the GG genotype also demonstrated a statistical association with increased GC risk (adjusted OR=1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89, P=0.044). This was also observed for the male subpopulation (GG vs. TT: adjusted OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.12-2.62, P=0.013; G allele vs. T allele: adjusted OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.07-1.62, P=0.009). Genetic effects on increased GC risk tended to be enhanced by H. pylori infection, smoking and drinking, but their interaction effects on GC risk did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: ERCC6 rs1917799 GG genotype might be associated with increased GC risk in Chinese, especially in males.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2019

This study was started to study the buffer zone of Daejeon metropolitan city in order to study the policy and environment for the suitability evaluation of the use of green buffer zone. The target of the study was selected as the buffer zone of western buffer, which is frequently used in the Daejeon Metropolitan City, and a preliminary index was selected to evaluate the suitability of the green buffer zone. AHP analysis was conducted to increase the reliability of the preliminary indicators and the weight was analyzed by questionnaires to experts and practitioners. In addition, based on the existing statistical data, we rebuilt the green buffer zone and investigated the current condition, and compared and analyzed the green buffer zone and the places where they did not. The results are as follow. First, unlike the statute interpretation that construction can not be done in buffered green spaces, green buffer zones have been utilized in various ways. However, the lack of advanced citizen consciousness of the residents, the responsibility of the responsible person, and the problem of the management office alone are causing problems. Second, according to the results of AHP questionnaire analysis, functional and stability among the appropriateness indexes of green buffer zone utilization were evaluated highly. Park accessibility and utilization potential also weighed somewhat, and it was judged that the epochal trend was more important in the use of green buffer zones. Third, analysis of the status of Western green buffer zones in Daejeon showed that the utilization rate was more than half. This suggests the necessity of judging the appropriateness of the application of the green buffer zone effectively due to the change of the perception of the green buffer zone of the residents. Fourth, as a result of comparing and analyzing the site where the site is used and the site where it is not, it is found that it is used within a range that does not greatly affect each index. However, as the stability has decreased, we have decided that the utilization method is most damaging to the green zone, and we should strive to improve the stability in future. Finally, the analysis of a red clay road and a red clay road sites decreased from Class I of stability to Grade II. However, the fall figure showed a difference between the 13 % drop rate of the target location and the 5% decline rate of utilization. The difference was analyzed as the difference of width of a red clay road. This can be regarded as one of the ways of damaging the green zone to the minimum extent, which is a great advantage in selecting the future utilization plan.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2008

Phellinus linteus (Sang Hwang mushroom; P. linteusis) has been widely used for a traditional medicine in Japan, Korea and China. In traditional oriental applications, P. linteus and their extracts have been exclusively used to treat various diseases like insomnia, neurasthenia, gastric ulcers, arthritis, nephritis, stress, asthma, bronchitis, neuromuscular disorders, hypertension and also as an immune system stimulator in cancer therapy. In a number of articles, it is indicated how tremendous their therapeutic values are. According to these studies, P. linteus and their extracts show immunomodulatory activities like enhancing immune system function including anti-tumor activity and inhibiting the growth of existing tumors. P. linteus and their extracts have been being studied for use as immunotherapy agents and biological response modifiers (BRMs) for the possible treatment of cancer without side effects. Recently, the cultured mycelium product of P. linteus has been developed and approved as a medicine in Korea. This review shows not only the current status of methods of developmental technology like artificial culture and various biological applications of P. linteus but also recent market trends of functional foods made from P. linteus.