• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 1995

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2011

Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) is a common complaint encountered in pediatric clinics and a great concern for patients and their caretakers as well as health care professionals. A constant challenge is detecting individuals with organic diseases or psychosomatic disorders from the majority of patients who have a functional disorder including functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, and abdominal migraine. Beginning with a detailed history and physical examination, physicians must determine a differential diagnosis of CAP by applying the symptom-based Rome III criteria to positively identify a functional disorder. These findings should then be further analyzed based on diagnostic clues and red flags that indicate the presence of specific organic diseases and/or the need for further testing. Once a functional diagnosis has been made or an organic disease is suspected, physicians can initiate an empiric therapeutic trial. Since psychological distress accompanies both organic and non-organic abdominal pain in children, a cooperative diagnostic approach involving pediatricians and psychiatrists is recommended.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2005

Functional constipation is regarded as a long-standing symptomatic manifestation of abnormal defecation expressed by either a reduced frequency of bowel movements and /or an altered act of evacuation. Patients with constipation can be treated with laxatives, diets and regular habits. Thorough evaluation of functional constipation is considered in those in whom conservative treatment with dietary advice and use of laxatives fails. Patients with normal colonic transit and normal anorectal function may only need reassurance, education and dietary advice with fiber supplementation. For constipated patients in whom such treatment modalities fail, laxatives including bulk-forming and osmotic agents may be used Although most laxatives, if used intermittently, are relatively safe, they must be chosen bearing in mind possible side effects, patient compliance and their action mechanisms. A subgroup of patients with slow transit through the colon ay be unresponsive to conventional laxatives, and, in these subjects, a trial with enteroprokinetics and sometimes stimulant laxatives should be attempted. This article presents our view of the assessment and pharmacologic treatment of functional constipation.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.187-214
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• 2008

본고에서는 기록물의 내용이 아닌 기록이 생성된 기능에 기반을 두고 행해지는 전자기록 환경에서의 기능평가 프로세스를 분석하였다. 전자기록 환경에서 기능평가는 가장 보편화된 평가방식으로, 기록물의 생산 이전단계부터 수행되는 연속적인 업무 프로세스를 형성하게 된다. 종국적으로 기능평가를 기반으로 하는 전자기록 환경에서의 평가는 업무맥락 및 기록품질을 지님과 동시에, 조직의 영위 및 업무 수행에 필수적인 전자기록을 선별해 주게 된다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.377-391
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• 2024

This study aimed to explore the characteristics and dimensions of of systematic functional gestures employed by pre-service Earth science teachers during instructional sessions. Data were collected from eight students enrolled in a university's Department of Earth Science Education. The data included lesson plans, activity sheets, and recordings of one class session from participants. The analysis, conducted using the systemic functional multimodal discourse analysis framework, categorized gestures into scientific and social functional dimensions. Further subdivision identified meta gestures, analytical gestures, and interrelated gestures. Additionally, pre-service teachers used gestures to explain scientific concepts, concretely represent ideas and facilitate communication during instruction. This study emphasizes the nonverbal strategies used by pre-service Earth science teachers, highlighting the importance of noverbal communication in teachers' professional development and the need for its integration into education. It also establishes a systematic conceptual framework for understanding gestures in the instructional context.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.127-138
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• 2019

As health and well-being become a global trend, the younger generation is focusing on the balance between work and leisure time and they are interested in sports activities as well as a cultural life. In addition, the range of sportswear is expanding, so that athleisure fashion is getting into daily lives. In particular, consumer groups in the sportswear market are beginning to change since generation Z consumers are more and more interested in sportswear and their needs are also growing of health and functional of sports wear. It's a global trend that athleisure fashion market is growing, which combines professional athletic wear with fashion. As the number of women who enjoy sports and leisure in their spare time, the consumer pattern in the sports wear market is also expanding to female customers. However, most sports functional wears were focused on male consumers, so that functional inner-wears are mostly made for both sexes, which mean the functional inner-wears are produced without considering the physical characteristics of men and women and with not enough size division ending up not suitable for professional athletes. In particular, female professional athletes need functional inner-wear that fits the characteristics of the sport because they are not only different in physical condition and they are also using different muscles for different movements. Therefore, functional inner-wear needs pattern development and size system setting considering the body shape and athletic movement of female professional athlete.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explicate the contemporary concept of the term 'sportswear' by studying the history of sportswear tradition in America where sportswear was first established and developed. American sportswear originated from some functional clothes made for specific sports during the 19th century. Early in 20th century, there occurred many significant events in America while Americans were undergoing two successive world wars. First of all, due to the wars, women's role in labor force became so significant that their social status was enhanced remarkably. With economy growing every decade, the amount of leisure time for American people substantially increased and, therefore they could develop their leisure activity culture. All these changes made Americans demand the need for comfortable and functional clothes suitable for their changed way of life. In response to this demand, the sportswear tradition became mature due to the contribution by many creative All-American designers, most of whom have made their active contributions since 1970s. Now the sportswear, which used to be designed for specific sports, developed into casual wear in general with its extended definition. The contemporary concept of sportswear is no longer limited to those clothes for specific sports. Sportswear has now become more like a casual activity wear which all classes of people can enjoy in their life. Since the concept and scope of sportswear is extended to a great degree today, we need a new professional term to correctly express the extended nature of these contemporary clothes.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.391-407
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• 2012

The loss of connectivity and fragmentation of forest landscapes are seriously hindering dispersal of many forest-dwelling species, which may be critical for their viability and conservation by decreasing habitat area and increasing distance among habitats. For understanding their environmental impacts, numerous spatial models exist to measure landscape connectivity. However, general relationships between functional connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately measure landscape connectivity in whole landscape and individual patches. We reviewed functional and structural definition of landscape connectivity, explained their mathematical connotations, and applied representative 13 indices in 3 districts of Seoul having fragmented forest patches with tits, the threshold distance was applied 500m by considering the dispersal of tits. Results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that connectivity indices could be divided by measurement methods whether they contain the area attribute with distance or not. Betweenness centrality(BC), a representative index measuring distance and distribution among patches, appreciated highly stepping stone forest patches, and difference of probability of connectivity(dPC), an index measuring including area information, estimated integrated connectivity of patches. Therefore, for evaluating landscape connectivity, it is need to consider not only general information of a region and species' characteristics but also various measuring methods of landscape connectivity.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2023

Mitochondrial transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA, as well as several metabolic and neurological disorders. Animal studies have shown that mitochondrial transplantation can improve cellular energy metabolism, restore mitochondrial function, and prevent cell death. However, challenges need to be addressed, such as the delivery of functional mitochondria to the correct cells in the body, and the long-term stability and function of the transplanted mitochondria. Researchers are exploring new methods for mitochondrial transplantation, including the use of nanoparticles or CRISPR gene editing. Mechanisms underlying the integration and function of transplanted mitochondria are complex and not fully understood, but research has revealed some key factors that play a role. While the safety and efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation have been investigated in animal models and human trials, more research is needed to optimize delivery methods and evaluate long-term safety and efficacy. Clinical trials using mitochondrial transplantation have shown mixed results, highlighting the need for further research in this area. In conclusion, although mitochondrial transplantation holds significant potential for the treatment of various diseases, more work is needed to overcome challenges and evaluate its safety and efficacy in human trials.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

Interior space of modern society has a request for non-functional considerations as well as a need for function. French sociologist Jean Baudrillard defined this phenomenon as a dialectical relationship between the functional system and the non-functional system in his book "The System of Objects". The main goal of interior design is the pursuit of non-functional aspects which can satisfy emotional needs of human being without ignoring functional side. This means that designer should exceed the limitation of the functional system and overcome it by his own idea and method. Under this recognition, this paper tried to understand how Shiro Kuramata and Takashi Sugimoto accomplished the overcoming successfully. Sugimoto breaks through mechanical monotony introducing the non-functional objects into the functional system. His objects have power and form of the nature. They also shows traces of manufacture and labor. They works as media transferring old life and values. Sugimoto sometimes adopts the non-functional system such as collection, so it reveals time of collecting and arrangement of various objects. In contrast to Sugimoto, Kuramata erased the form of functional object and turned over the everydayness of the functional system. Instead, aesthetical phenomena substitutes form. Having doubts about the geometrical order of functional system, he opened a discourse for its meaning and limitation. However they have something in common which works as a blueprint for establishing subject's discourse. This discourse is comprised of their own memories of scenes. These subjects' discourse institute worlds through their design works based on each methodology. From the Heideggerian point of view, the worlds offer a foundation which allows the establishment of art in interior design.