• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to examine the relation between diabetes and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: Eighty community-dwelling patients with diabetes and 506 subjects without diabetes were studied with cognitive function test. Cognitive function was measured by Full-scale IQ, Basic IQ, Executive IQ, Attention Function Index, Working Memory Index, Language Function Index, Visuospatial Function Index, Memory Function Index, and MMSE-K1. Results: In model controlling for education, the diabetic group showed significantly lower scores than the non-diabetic group in in Full-scale IQ (p=.012), Basic IQ (p=.034), Executive IQ (p=.014), Attention Function Index (p=.002), Working Memory Index (p=.037), and Memory Function Index (p=.043). The diabetic and non-diabetic groups that were matched for gender, age, and education showed similar differences in 7 out of 9 cognitive measures. The impairments of Full-scale IQ and Memory Function Index in the diabetic group were, respectively, 2.7 and 2.8 times greater than that in the diabetic group. Conclusion: These results showed that diabetes should be considered to a factor of cognitive impairment in older adults.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1998

Characteristics of Superior Children as a Screening Test of Gifted students The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of Korean version of checklist for behavioral characteristics of superior children as a screening test for gifted students. Total 397 children were tested KEDI-WISC (Korean version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children), and their parents or primary caretakers took the checklists for behavioral characteristics of superior children individually. Total subjects were divided into 3 groups based on their Full IQ score of KEDI-WICS. The children of IQ 130 and over was gifted group, and those of IQ 115-130 was superior group, and those of below IQ 115 was average group. The analyses of behavioral checklist scores among the groups, gender, grades differences and item analysis of behavioral checklist were done for the purpose of discrimination among 3 groups. As a result, it was found that the Korean version of checklist for behavioral characteristics of superior children was very useful as a screening test for gifted correlations between checklist scores and verbal, performance and full IQ scores were significantly high, which means that IQ and checklist scores were very related. Twenty out of 50 items were found to be discrimination items between gifted and superior group. However, there was no significant difference between grades and gender on the checklist score.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2011

Objectives : To investigate the cognitive functions of pediatric cancer patients and to test the hypotheses that the impairment of processing speed and working memory are more prevalent in children with medulloblastoma (MBL) compared to children with neuroblastoma (NBL). Methods : We gave the Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligent Scale for Children-III to 21 children with MBL and 24 children with NBL during outpatient follow-up after the treatment was completed. Results : Children with MBL showed below average performance across most of the sub-tests. The full scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ of children with MBL were significantly lower than those of children with NBL. There were significant differences between two groups in coding and Digit Span subtest scores. Children with MBL performed especially poorly in the coding subtest. Conclusion : These findings support previous reports of generally low IQ and the dysfunction of processing speed and working memory among children with MBL, a kind of central nervous system tumor. Further investigation is needed to determine how the deficit of processing speed and working memory affect neurocognitive development and general intelligent functions.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 가정환경의 자극 특성과 연령에 따른 웩슬러 아동용지능검사의 소검사별 수행을 알아보는데 있었다. 이를 위하여 만 6-16세 아동 청소년 128명을 대상으로 훈련받은 검사자가 K-WISC-IV를 실시하였으며 아동의 어머니에게 가정의 물리적, 정서적 특성에 대한 HOME를 실시하였다. 연령에 따라 만 6-10세와 11-16세 집단별로 분석한 결과 두 연령집단 모두 전체 지능 및 언어이해 지표와 가정환경자극 간 유의미한 정적 상관이 발견되었다. 6-10세 집단의 경우 가정환경자극의 하위영역 중 언어적 자극 및 학습자료가 언어이해, 작업기억, 지각추론, 전체 지능과 유의미한 관련성이 있었으며, 11-16세 집단의 경우, 자기조력 장려 및 학습자료가 전체지능, 언어이해, 작업기억 지표와 유의미한 정적 상관이 있었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과가 논의되었으며, 향후 지능검사의 개정을 반영한 새로운 소검사의 수행과 가정환경자극 간 관련성이 연구되어야 할 필요성이 제시되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (K-WISC-IV) and General Ability Index (GAI) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The GAI and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) in K-WISC-IV were compared for a group of 79 children with ADHD and 234 normal children. The mean differences within each group were testified by the t-test and Cohen's d. The Wechsler's descriptive classifications for each GAI and FSIQ score were analyzed in the children with ADHD. Additionally, the critical value for the difference between the means of the FSIQ and GAI was calculated in the normal children. Results: The score on the GAI was higher than that on the FSIQ in the children with ADHD, with a mean difference of 2.19 points. The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the cognitive characteristics of the children with ADHD. According to Wechsler's descriptive classification, the application of the GAI showed a lower (7.59%), equal (61.65%) or higher (60.76%) prevalence of ADHD compared to the application of FSIQ. Conclusion: The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the cognitive characteristics of the children with ADHD. The GAI reflecting the attention and behavioral problems in children with ADHD could be utilized as an alternative global intelligence estimate that considers their potential for development.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2017

Objectives: The current study examined the effect of birth weight on the relationship between age and IQ of children, who were born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW) or extremely low birth weight (ELBW). Methods: The study subjects were 82 children, aged between 3-5 years, who visited the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital located in Seoul. The children had been born prematurely with VLBW or ELBW. Their IQ was tested using the performed Korean-Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence fourth edition. Results: A hierarchical regression analysis showed a significant interaction effect of birth weight and age on Full Scale IQ (FSIQ); the effect of age on FSIQ differed according to birth weight. For the group with VLBW, FSIQ was more likely to be higher with increasing age. Conversely, for the group with ELBW, FSIQ remained low regardless of the age level. In addition, birth weight and age had a significant interaction effect on the Visual Spatial Index. Birth weight had a significant main effect on Verbal Comprehension Index. Conclusion: This research suggested the possibility of predicting the cognitive developmental of premature children, by highlighting the fact that prematurely born children, with VLBW/ELBW, have different cognitive developmental trajectories.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2017

본 연구는 K-WISC-IV 프로파일을 통해 고기능 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(ASD) 아동의 인지적인 특성을 확인하여 고기능 ASD 아동의 진단에 도움을 주며, 임상 및 교육 장면에서 효과적인 개입을 위한 정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이에 6~16세의 고기능 ASD 아동 90명을 대상으로 K-WISC-IV의 전체 IQ, 지표 점수와 소검사 환산점수의 평균을 살펴보았으며, 이와 같은 점수들이 규준 집단과 차이가 있는지 확인하고자 단일 집단 t 검정을 시행하였다. 그 결과 처리속도 지표, 작업기억 지표에서 고기능 ASD아동이 규준 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮은 점수를 얻었고, 소검사 수준에서는 이해, 공통그림찾기, 빠진 곳찾기, 순차연결, 산수, 동형찾기, 기호쓰기에서 유의미하게 부진한 수행을 보였다. 다시 말해, K-WISC-IV 프로파일을 통해 고기능 ASD 아동들이 처리 속도가 느리고 사회적 판단력이 부족하며 비언어적인 자극을 빠르게 포착하거나 시각 자극의 핵심적 측면을 파악하는 것이 어렵다는 특성을 알 수 있었다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1996

The Evaluation of patients complaining of psychiatric symptoms following head injury is much affected by the results of various tests. The objecive of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of each lest by comparing the structual and fuctional brain studies. The subjects were 93 organic menial disorder in and out patients at the Dept. of Neuropsychiatry of the Kyung Hee University Hospital. After carrying out MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG, the results of each were analysed for the sesitivity and ability to detect focal lesion. The degree of inter-test correlations of lest results were also investigated. Furthermore, the characteristic features of psychological tests were studied and the relationship between each of above mentioned tests and psychological test was examined. As for the test sensitivity to diagnosis, the SPECT was the most superior followed by MRI, CT, EEG in thai order. In the case of abnormality, SPECT ranked 1st in detection of focal lesion, followed by MRI, CT in that order. In the inter-test result correlation, the correlation of SPECT-MRI was statistically significant. When mare than moderate abnormality EEG finding was reported, it correlated significantly with that of MRI findings. In the MMPI, the average scores on F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales were above 60. Abnormal SPECT group scored significantly high on the F, Pd, Pa, Sc, Ma scales and therefore in comparison ot the SPECT normal group, displayed more psychotic features. In K-WAIS, the mean full scale IQ was down to 77. 23(Verbal IQ : 78.76, Performance IQ : 77.44) but there was no characterogic significant relationship between the lowered to and abnormal SPECT, MRI, CT and EEG results. In conclusion, 1) The SPECT was mast superior in sensitivity and detection of focal lesions. In comparision with other tests, the results of SPECT correlated well with MRI had thus is thought to be very usefull testing method in the evaluation of organic mental disorder patients. 2) The MRI had relatively high sensitivity, ability to detect focal lesion and superior correlation with other test. 3) Although EEG fared less an sensitivity in comparison to other tests, the results of above moderate abnormal grade group and that of MRI correlated significantly. 4) In the MMPI highly scored in F, Hs, D, Hy, Pa, Pt, Sc subscales and abnormal SPECT patients were shown to display more sever psychotic features. There was no significant character relationship between the lowered IQ(in K-WAIS) and abnormal findings on MRI, CT, SPECT, EEG.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2007

목 적: 소아에서 혈액 및 종양질환 치료가 성장 및 신경정신기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 본 연구에서는 대조군을 일란성 쌍생아로 하여 여기에 영향을 주는 많은 인자들은 배제하였다. 방 법: 1995년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 전남대학교병원 소아과에서 혈액 및 종양질환으로 치료받은 일란성 쌍생아 7명을 대상으로 하였다[급성 림프구성 백혈병, n=2; DBA, n=2; 중증 재생불량성 빈혈, n=3]. 이들의 진단 시 정중 연령은 5.2세(0.3-15세)이었고, 정중 관찰기간은 7.2년(4.9-10년)이었다. 대조군은 건강한 일란성 쌍생아 형제이었고, DBA를 가진 쌍생아는 1살 어린 동성의 동생을 대조군으로 사용하였다. 환자에게서 신장, 체중을 반복적으로 측정하여, 백분위수 통로를 평가하였다. 인지기능은 K-WISC III를 이용하였는데, 5쌍에서 비교가 가능하였다. 결 과: 성장은 환자와 건강한 쌍생아 간에 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 진단 시 3명의 환자에서 3-10 백분위수, 2명에서 25-50 백분위수, 그리고 나머지 2명에서는 50-75 백분위수를 보였다. 비만아가 된 1명을 제외하고 나머지 환자들은 추적관찰기간 동안 자신의 백분위수 통로를 유지하였다. IQ 검사 결과를 보면 행동성, 언어성, 전체 지능 지수의 평균치는 각각 88.0, 93.8과 89.8이었고, 대조군에서는 각각 92.2, 97.0과 91.8로 차이가 없었다. 하지만 급성 림프구성 백혈병으로 치료받은 두 명의 환아는 부분적 인지기능 저하가 나타났으며 그 중 방사선조사를 받은 환아에서는 인지기능 저하 외에도 심리적 장애인 주의력결핍 과다행동증후군이 나타났다. 결 론: 신장과 체중으로 본 성장은 환자나 일란성 쌍생아 형제나 비슷한 소견을 보였다. 환자의 IQ 지수는 쌍생아 대조군과 비슷하였다. 하지만 중추신경계 예방요법을 시행한 백혈병 환자에서는 IQ 지수가 낮아 질 수 있었다. 이러한 치료가 성장 및 정신신경 기능에 미치는 연관성을 정확히 알기 위해서는 더 많은 쌍생아에서의 전향적 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2008

Objective : The objective of this study is to investigate the intellectual characteristics of the specific language impairment(SLI) and the borderline intelligence-language disorder (BI-LD). Method : 30 Children participated in this study, IS children with SLI(K-WISC-ill FIQ above 85, Test of Problem Solving score below -1.25SD, verbal comprehension factor index of K-WISC III below 80), 14 children with BI-LD(K-WISC-ill FIQ $70^{\sim}85$, Test of Problem Solving score below -1.25SD, verbal comprehension factor index of K-WISC III below 80). All students were evaluated with K-WISC III, Test of Problem Solving. full-scale IQ (FSIQ), \ verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index, and Test of Problem Solving score were compared between two groups. Result : All subtests scores of PIQ in the SLI were significantly higher than those in the BI-LD. there was no significant difference in the subtests scores of VIQ. In the VIQ subtests, Information, Arithmetic, Comprehension score were higher in the SLI compared to the BI-LD, but the score of Similarities and Vocabulary were similar between two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that inspite of the difference of PIQ, SLI and BI-LD have similar language abilities, and there are some different intellectual characteristics between SLI and BI-LD