• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2020

Background: Garlic oil is a rich source of organosulfur compounds including diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide. There have been studies showing the neuroprotective actions of these organosulfur compounds. However, the potential of these organosulfur compounds in neuropathic pain has not been explored. The present study was aimed at investigating the pain attenuating potential of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide in chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. The study also explored their pain-attenuating mechanisms through modulation of H₂S, brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Methods: The rats were subjected to CCI injury by ligating the sciatic nerve in four places. The development of neuropathic pain was measured by assessing mechanical hyperalgesia (Randall-Selittotest), mechanical allodynia (Von Frey test), and cold allodynia (acetone drop test) on 14th day after surgery. Results: Administration of diallyl disulfide (25 and 50 mg/kg) and diallyl trisulfide (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 14 days led to a significant reduction in pain in CCI-subjected rats. Moreover, treatment with these organosulfur compounds led to the restoration of H₂S, BDNF and Nrf2 levels in the sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia. Co-administration of ANA-12 (BDNF blocker) abolished pain attenuating actions as well as BDNF and the Nrf2 restorative actions of diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide, without modulating H₂S levels. Conclusions: Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide have the potential to attenuate neuropathic pain in CCI-subjected rats possibly through activation of H₂S-BDNF-Nrf2 signaling pathway.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2019

The sustainable development principle of replacing natural resources with renewable material is an important research topic. In this study, waste LCD (liquid crystal display) glass powder was used to replace cement (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) through a volumetric method using three water-binder ratios (0.47, 0.59, and 0.71) to make cement mortar. The compressive strength was tested at the ages of 7, 28, 56 and 91 days. The test results show that the compressive strength increases with age but decreases as the water-binder ratio increases. The compressive strength slightly decreases with an increase in the replacement of LCD glass powder at a curing age of 7 days. However, at a curing age of 91 days, the compressive strength is slightly greater than that for the control group (glass powder is 0%). When the water-binder ratios are 0.47, 0.59 and 0.71, the compressive strength of the various replacements increases by 1.38-1.61 times, 1.56-1.80 times and 1.45-2.20 times, respectively, during the aging process from day 7 to day 91. Furthermore, a prediction model of the compressive strength of a cement mortar with waste LCD glass powder was deduced in this study. According to the comparison between the prediction analysis values and test results, the MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) values of the compressive strength are between 2.79% and 5.29%, and less than 10%. Thus, the analytical model established in this study has a good forecasting accuracy. Therefore, the proposed model can be used as a reliable tool for assessing the design strength of cement mortar from early age test results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제77권2호
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• pp.197-215
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• 2021

Under a severe environment of multiple hazards such as earthquakes and winds, the life-cycle performance of engineering structures may inevitably be deteriorated due to the fatigue effect caused by long-term exposure to wind loads, which would further increase the structural vulnerability to earthquakes. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the lifetime structural seismic performance under the effect of wind-induced fatigue considering different sources of uncertainties. The seismic behavior of a high-rise steel-concrete composite frame with buckling-restrained braces (FBRB) during its service life is systematically investigated using the proposed approach. Recorded field data for the wind hazard of Fuzhou, Fujian Province of China from Jan. 1, 1980 to Mar. 31, 2019 is collected, based on which the distribution of wind velocity is constructed by the Gumbel model after comparisons. The OpenSees platform is employed to establish the numerical model of the FBRB and conduct subsequent numerical computations. Allowed for the uncertainties caused by the wind generation and structural modeling, the final annual fatigue damage takes the average of 50 groups of simulations. The lifetime structural performance assessments, including static pushover analyses, nonlinear dynamic time history analyses and fragility analyses, are conducted on the time-dependent finite element (FE) models which are modified in lines with the material deterioration models. The results indicate that the structural performance tends to degrade over time under the effect of fatigue, while the influencing degree of fatigue varies with the duration time of fatigue process and seismic intensity. The impact of wind-induced fatigue on structural responses and fragilities are explicitly quantified and discussed in details.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.39-62
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• 2022

Purpose - Along with the growing awareness of environmental sustainability, international green entrepreneurship is expected to realize international sustainable development (ISD) by introducing ecological innovation results, using fewer resources consumption, and reducing negative environmental impacts. Building upon contingency theory and social network theory, this paper attempts to explore the role of home country-based networks (technology ties and business ties) as contingent factors that might impact the effectiveness of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in promoting ISD among green ventures. Design/methodology - Original data were collected from 127 green ventures in China based on the random sampling technique. These green ventures mainly focus on the lower use of energy or materials, lower CO2 emissions, and higher ecological benefits located in the Fujian province, which highlights green economic growth and economic cooperation with international markets. Moderated hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to test our hypotheses concerning the main relationship between EO (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking) and ISD as well as the moderating effects of home country-based networks (technology ties and business ties) on the main relationship. Findings - Empirical results indicate that: first, both innovativeness and proactiveness positively affect ISD; second, both technology ties and business ties at home might significantly strengthen the positive relationship between innovativeness (or proactiveness) and ISD. However, this study did not find significant moderating effects of technology ties or business ties at home on the relationship between risk-taking and ISD. Originality/value - Since previous literature often gives more focus on the host country context of social networks, this study shifts to a home country-based network context. Therefore, our research might enrich the international green entrepreneurship literature by empirically investigating the contingent value of home country-based networks in the relationship between EO and ISD in the context of an emerging economy such as China.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2022

Energy-saving block and invisible multiribbed frame composite wall (EBIMFCW) is an important shear wall, which is composed of energy-saving blocks, steel bars and concrete. This paper conducted seismic performance tests on six 1/2-scale EBIMFCW specimens, analyzed their failure process under horizontal reciprocating load, and studied the effect of axial compression ratio on the wall's hysteresis curve and skeleton curve, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, bearing capacity degradation. A formula for calculating the peak bearing capacity of such walls was proposed. Results showed that the EBIMFCW had experienced a long time deformation from cracking to failure and exhibited signs of failure. The three seismic fortification lines of the energy-saving block, internal multiribbed frame, and outer multiribbed frame sequentially played important roles. With the increase in axial compression ratio, the peak bearing capacity and ductility of the wall increased, whereas the initial stiffness decreased. The change in axial compression ratio had a small effect on the energy dissipation capacity of the wall. In the early stage of loading, the influence of axial compression ratio on wall stiffness and strength degradation was unremarkable. In the later stage of loading, the stiffness and strength degradation of walls with high axial compression ratio were low. The displacement ductility coefficients of the wall under vertical pressure were more than 3.0 indicating that this wall type has good deformation ability. The limit values of elastic displacement angle under weak earthquake and elastic-plastic displacement angle under strong earthquake of the EBIMFCW were1/800 and 1/80, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6047-6052
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• 2014

Background: Weight loss during chemotherapy has not been exclusively investigated. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) might play a role in its etiology. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of weight loss before chemotherapy and its relationship with MIC-1 concentration and its occurrence during chemotherapy in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Materials and Methods: We analyzed 157 inoperable locally advanced or metastatic ESCC patients receiving first-line chemotherapy. Serum MIC-1 concentrations were assessed before chemotherapy. Patients were assigned into two groups according to their weight loss before or during chemotherapy:>5% weight loss group and ${\leq}5%$ weight loss group. Results: Patients with weight loss>5% before chemotherapy had shorter progression-free survival period (5.8 months vs. 8.7 months; p=0.027) and overall survival (10.8 months vs. 20.0 months; p=0.010). Patients with weight loss >5% during chemotherapy tended to have shorter progression-free survival (6.0 months vs. 8.1 months; p=0.062) and overall survival (8.6 months vs. 18.0 months; p=0.022), and if weight loss was reversed during chemotherapy, survival rates improved. Furthermore, serum MIC-1 concentration was closely related to weight loss before chemotherapy (p=0.001) Conclusions: Weight loss both before and during chemotherapy predicted poor outcome in advanced ESCC patients, and MIC-1 might be involved in the development of weight loss in such patients.

• 미술자료
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• 제100권
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• pp.82-110
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• 2021

이 연구는 건요의 "공어"·"진잔"명흑유완과 관련된 핵심적인 주제 가운데 하나인 그 제작시기 문제를 구체적으로 검토한 것이다. 필자는 주로 기형적(器形的) 측면에서 "공어"·"진잔"명흑유완의 특징을 제대로 파악한 후, 이러한 분석을 토대로 그것이 같은 유형의 건요 흑유완의 전개과정에서 시간적으로 어느 위치에 있는지를 추적함으로써, 이 문제를 밝히려고 하였다. 이 연구에서 도달한 대략적인 결론은 다음과 같다. 건요에서는 다양한 기형의 흑유완을 제작하였지만, "공어"명이나 "진잔"명은 거의 다 특정한 유형의 완, 즉 I형 속구완(束口碗)이나 II형 별구완(撇口碗)에서만 확인된다. 이 가운데에서도 전자의 비율이 월등하게 높다. "공어"명이나 "진잔"명이 있는 I형 흑유속구완의 경우, 모두 구부(口部)가 짧게 외반(外反)되었으며, 측사면의 경사각은 대략 50° 전후이다. 구연으로부터 0.3~0.5cm가량 아래에 속구(束口)가 이루어져 있다. 그리고 이것들은 건요의 I형 흑유속구완들 가운데에서는 비교적 운두가 낮은 편이어서, 그 높이/구경의 값이 0.5 이하이다. "공어"명흑유완과 "진잔"명흑유완 사이에 기형적인 측면에서의 차이는 거의 없다. 다만 양자의 출토상황 등으로 미루어 볼 때, 전자가 제작시기에 있어서 후자보다 앞서는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, "공어"·"진잔"명이 있는 I형 흑유속구완과 같은 기형적 특징을 가진 건요 흑유완은 같은 유형의 전형적인 건요 흑유속구완이 출토되는 12세기 말기~13세기 초기의 기년묘(紀年墓)에서는 발견되지 않는다. 일본의 하카타유지(博多遺址)의 경우, 그러한 기형적 특징을 가진 흑유완들은 전형적인 건요 흑유속구완들이 출토되는 12세기 후기~13세기 전기의 유지보다 이른 12세기 전기의 유지에서 출토된다. 복건지방의 흑유완이 거의 시간적 격차 없이 하카타에 유입되었다는 점에서 볼 때, "공어"·"진잔"명의 I형 흑유속구완의 제작시기가 12세기 전기를 벗어날 가능성은 매우 낮다. 요컨대, "공어"·"진잔"명흑유완은 12세기 전기에 제작되었을 것으로 판단된다.