• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.327-334
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• 2002

Transesterfication of vegetable oils and methanol with alkaline catalyst was carried out to produce biodiesel fuel by continuous process. The process consists of two static mixers, one tubular reactor and two coolers and gave $96{\sim}99$% of methyl ester yield from soybean oil and rapeseed oil. Experimental variables were the molar ratios of methanol to vegetable oil, alkaline catalyst contents, flow rates, mixer element number. The optimum ranges of operating variables were as follows; reaction temperature of $70^{\circ}C$, l:6 of molar ratio of methanol to oil, O.4%(w/w) sodium hydroxide based on oil, static mixer elements number of 24 and 4 min. residence time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.401-406
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• 2000

Spilling of petroleum hydrocarbons such as gasoline, motor oils, and diesel fuel from underground storage tanks (USTs) is a major source of contamination to ground water and soils. In response to the need of developing an effective and economical cleanup technique, this study investigates the effectiveness of using sonication to enhance the soil flushing method. The study involves laboratory testing, and the testing was conducted using a specially designed and fabricated device to determine the effect of sonication on contaminant removal. The sonication was applied at 20 kHz frequency under different power levels. Test soil was Joomoonjin Sand, and diesel fuel was used as a contaminant of soil flushing test. The results of the investigation show that sonication enhanced the contaminant removal from soils significantly, and the degree of enhancement varied with power levels of sonication. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the flushing method with sonication has a great potential to become an effective method for removing petroleum hydrocarbons from the contaminated ground.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the correlation between the lubrication characteristics of an engine and its fuel economy. Improving the lubrication characteristics of the engine oil is one of the most efficient ways to improve a car's fuel economy. The methods to accomplish this include lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver. In addition, it is necessary to use different methods to reduce the friction to individual lubrication areas, because different lubrication regimes are used for different engine parts. The experimental investigation in this study is based on design of experiments ; this paper presents the results of a modified Sequence VID test, which is an ASTM standard test used to measure the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars. The results demonstrate the effects of the following lubrication factors on the fuel economy : the low temperature cranking viscosity, high-temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity, friction modifier, polymer type and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver. Moreover, this study involves an analysis of variance based on design of experiments. The test results show that the HTHS viscosity, friction modifier and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver are more effective than the other factors. Therefore, lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver should be considered to improve fuel economy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

We have a lot of interest in alternative fuels to provide energy independence from oil producing country and to reduce exhaust emissions for air pollution prevention. Biodiesel, which can be generated from natural renewable sources such as new or used vegetable oils or animal fats, may be used as fuel without change of engine structure in diesel engine of compression ignition engine. In this paper, the test results on specific fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of neat diesel oil and biodiesel blends(10 vol.% biodiesel and 20 vol.% biodiesel) were presented using four stroke, direct injection diesel engine. Especially this biodisel was produced from rape oil at our laboratory by ourselves. This study showed that specific fuel consumption and NOx emission were slightly increased, on the other hand CO emission and Soot were tolerably decreased more in the case of biodiesel blends than neat diesel oil.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.324-332
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• 2019

Most countries including Korea and Indonesia have strong policy for implementing biofuels like biodiesel. Shortage of the oil feedstock is the main barrier for increasing the supply of biodiesel fuel. In this study, in order to improve the stability of feedstock supply and lower the biodiesel production cost, the feasibility of biodiesel production using two types of Indonesian tropical crop oils, pressed at different harvesting times, were investigated. R. Trisperma oils, a high productive non-edible feedstocks, were investigated to produce biodiesel by esterification and transesterification because of it's high impurity and free fatty acid contents. the kindly provided oils from Indonesia were required to perform the filtering and water removal process to increase the efficiency of the esterificaton and transesterification reactions. The esterification used heterogeneous acid catalyst, Amberlyst-15. Before the reaction, the acid value of two types oil were 41, 17 mg KOH/g respectively. After the pre-esterification reaction, the acid value of oils were 3.7, 1.8 mg KOH/g respectively, the conversions were about 90%. Free fatty acid content was reduced to below 2%. Afterwards, the transesterification was performed using KOH as the base catalyst for transesterification. The prepared biodiesel showed about 93% of FAME content, and the total glycerol content was 0.43%. It did not meet the quality specification(FAME 96.5% and Total glycerol 0.24%) since the tested oils were identified to have a uncommon fatty acid, generally not found in vegetable oils, ${\alpha}$-eleostearic acid with much contents of 10.7~33.4%. So, it is required to perform the further research on reaction optimization and product purification to meet the fuel quality standards. So if the biodiesel production technology using un-utilized non-edible feedstock oils is successfully developed, stable supply of the feedstock for biodiesel production may be possible in the future.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.260-268
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• 2006

The dielectric constants of used gasoline engine oils were obtained at a few temperatures and a frequency. Through analyzing the characteristics of dielectric constant, the related correlation between the changes in dielectric constants of oil and the degree of oil deterioration is going to be found. The dielectric constant was calculated using cross capacitances measured by a sensor tube. As results of the measurement of the fresh engine oil's dielectric constant, it was found that the value of dielectric constant was set down below $60^{\circ}C$ regardless changing frequency. Further, above 6 kHz, the dielectric constant was set down even if temperature was above $100^{\circ}C$ Therefore, for the measurement of used oils, it was selected the frequency of 6 kHz,,and the temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ preventing a certain ionic-conduction effects on the measured dielectric constant and the evaporation of a certain fluid mixed with engine oil. Specially, the effects of the mixing fluid like coolant, water and fuel on the fresh engine oil's dielectric constant were studied. It was found that the oil mixed with coolant showed the highest value, next water, and the lowest fuel. As results of the measurement of the used engine oil's dielectric constant, it was found that the possible changed rate of the used engine oil's dielectric constant based on the warning limit for engine oil in service was below 4% for gasoline engine oil.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.290-300
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• 2006

The dielectric constants of used diesel engine oils were obtained at a few temperatures and a frequency. Through analyzing the characteristics of dielectric constant, the related correlation between the changes in dielectric constants of oil and the degree of oil deterioration is going to be found. The dielectric constant was calculated using cross capacitances measured by a sensor tube. As results of the measurement of the fresh engine oil's dielectric constant, it was found that the value of dielectric constant was set down below $60^{\circ}C$ regardless changing frequency. Further, above 6 kHz, the dielectric constant was set down even if temperature was above $100^{\circ}C$. Therefore, for the measurement of used oils, it was selected the frequency of 6 kHz, and the temperature of $80^{\circ}C$ preventing a certain ionic-conduction effects on the measured dielectric constant and the evaporation of a certain fluid mixed with engine oil. Specially, the effects of the mixing fluid like coolant, water and fuel on the fresh engine oil's dielectric constant were studied. It was found that the oil mixed with coolant showed the highest value, next water, and the lowest fuel. As results of the measurement of the used engine oil's dielectric constant, it was found that the possible changed rate of the used engine oil's dielectric constant based on the warning limit for engine oil in service was below 10% for diesel engine oil.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

The substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels has been proposed by the European Union (EU) as part of a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, increase security of energy supply and support the development of rural communities. Vegetable oils and their derivatives (especially methyl esters), commonly referred to as 'biodiesel', are prominent candidates as alternative diesel fuels. They have advanced from being purely experimental fuels to the initial stages of commercialization. They are technically competitive with or offer technical advantages compared to conventional diesel fuel. However, several problems remain including economics, combustions, some emissions, lube oil contamination, and low-temperature properties. Therefore, quality control of fuel-related properties of biodiesel is needed to obtain consistent engine performance by fuel users. The quality of the fuel is affected by the oil composition. Rapeseed oil has been targeted for fuel use because it produces an oil with a close-to-optimum set of fuel characteristics. In this paper we have reviewed past and current efforts, both by traditional seed-breeding methods and by genetic engineering, to modify rapeseed oil quality and yield.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

Various type of alternative fuel have been developed due to exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves and high oil price. Biodiesel is produced from the reaction of triglyceride, which is main component of animal fat and vegetable oil, and methanol by methanolysis as it is known for eco- friendly fuel for alternative petrodiesel. In this work, it was analyzed for the characteristics of the blended biodiesel with domestic petrodiesel according to blending ratio. Density, kinematic viscosity and flash point were increased with increasing the content of biodiesel. But the characteristic of blended biodiesel fuel were changed to aggravate in low temperature. Also, the derived cetane number(DCN) from IQT was increased by added biodiesel. Especially, the DCN of biodiesel from palm oil showed 71.26.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.554-563
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• 2016

Ships are capable of operating on residual fuel oil. Recently, various attempts have been made to meet environmental regulations and with ships operating on residual fuel oil. One way of fulfilling these requirements is by using fuel additives. Dispersants and fuel combustion improvers will have a positive effect on improving the combustion characteristics of the residual fuel oil. As such, this study examines fuel oils blended with additives by using fuel combustion analysis (FIA/FCA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of FIA/FCA focuse only on the amount of work done by the fuel oil. Therefore, it is recommended in this study that a new method to evaluate the combustion efficiency via FIA/FCA processes be developed. The analysis with ROHR curve gained by FIA/FCA brought similar results with pressure trace curve therefore it can be said that new analysis method can be reliable. The TGA, analysis process is very sensitive to the evaporation of fuel, for example, which could be addressed. In the performance-related findings of this study, blended samples with additives containing iron compounds showed a greater improvement in early combustion characteristics than samples without additives.