• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2005

Recently, the domestic and foreign power trends are the supply of high quality power and environment conservation technology based on the new energies development. So, the dispersed generation systems, such as photovoltaic, fuel cell, and battery are to be introduced in distribution systems. According to the situation change, power of high Quality and reliability are required in distribution systems with dispersed generation. Up to now, the voltage in distribution systems are regulated by ULTC of substation and pole transformer of primary feeders. These days, Step Voltage Regulator(SVR) is getting established at distribution feeders to regulate effectively voltage of primary ffeders that voltage drop exceeds $5\%$. But, because SVR is operated independently with ULTC of substation, SVR can not take play to its full effectivity. Under these circumstances, in order to deliver suitable voltages to as many customers as possible, new optimal voltage regulation algorithms are required in distribution system. So, this paper presents optimal voltage regulation algorithm to regulate voltage effectively for ULTC and SVR in distribution systems with dispersed generation systems.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2010

This paper describes a capacity of distributed generation which will be interconnected at low voltage distribution systems. In order to set the capacity of distributed generation, a voltage variation of distribution system is considered. Besides, the capacity of distributed generation is classified according to a capacity of pole transformer and loads. The system constructions in this paper are analyzed by using PSCAD/EMTDC. In the immediate future, it is expected to increase the installation of New and renewable energy systems which are generally interconnected to distribution power systems in the form of distributed generations like photovoltaic system, wind power and fuel cell. So the study of this kind would be needed to limit the capacity of distributed generation.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.589-593
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• 2016

미생물연료전지(Microbial Fuel Cell; MFC)는 전기화학활성미생물로 불리는 미생물을 촉매로 이용하여, 유/무기물의 산화환원 반응을 통해서 전기에너지를 생산할 수 있는 장치이다. 단일 MFC에서 발생하는 낮은 전기생산량을 극복하기 위해, 다수의 형태의 MFC를 직렬 또는 병렬로 연결하는 방법이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 6개의 단위 막전극접합체(Separator Electrode Assembly; SEA)로 구성된 침지평판형과 직립평판형 MFC 스택을 운전하였다. 단위 MFC와 MFC 스택의 전기발생량을 비교하였으며, 이를 통해서 MFC의 최적 스택기술을 확보하기 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 모든 SEA가 산화전극부를 공유하고 있는 침지평판형 MFC의 경우, 직렬과 병렬을 함께 사용할 경우, 단일 연결 방식을 사용하는 것보다 전압의 손실이 더 크게 나타났으며, 단일 연결방법 중 병렬연결 하는 것이 손실을 최소화 할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 직립평판형 MFC의 경우, 산화전극부를 공유하고 있는 SEA만 직렬 연결할 경우에는 전압의 손실이 크게 나타났으며, 산화전극부를 공유하고 있는 SEA간에 병렬 연결 후, 병렬 연결된 SEA를 직렬연결하는 방식이 전압의 손실을 최소화 할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2015

The heat generation in PEMFC is proportional to the electrical power output. Therefore, when the fuel cell produced the maximum output, the maximum heat was generated. In order to maintain the performance of the fuel cell, thermal management is as important as pressure and humidity conditions of the reactive gas. In this study, considering the thermal management for the maximum output operation, the optimal cooling channel design specifications of bipolar plate are found for the highest cooling performance. In the current bipolar plate research, many studies focused on analyzing various factors individually but there is no more study on the interaction between design factors. In this study, the heat transfer was simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics with the main design factors which are designated shape, width and rib length. One of the experimental design methods, general full factorial design method, was used to analyze the main factor and interaction on average temperature and maximum temperature for the design specification of fuel cell bipolar plate. When analysis result shows that all of these three factors are highly important, it can confirm that the interaction occurs between the factors.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2008

Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803 or the extracted thylakoid membrane from this strain was appled to photosynthetic bio-electrochemical fuel cell(PBEFC) for the production of hydrogen under the illumination of 48Klux using halogen lamp. PBEFC was composed of anode, cathode and membrane between them. Electrode material was carbon paper while electron mediator and receptor were added phenazine methosulfate(PMS) and potassium ferricyanide respectively. When water and 50 mM tricine buffer and $300{\mu}M$ PMS were added to the anode under the light condition, PBEFC produced the current density $4.4{\times}10^{-5}\;mA/cm^2$, $1.4{\times}10^{-4}\;mA/cm^2$ and $2.4{\times}10^{-4}\;mA/cm^2$, respectively. And the addition of the thylakoid membrane to the system increased current density to $1.3{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$. Two times increase of the thylakoid membrane into the anode doubled the current density to $2.6{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$. But the current density was not increased proportionally to the amount of thylakoid membrane increased. The system was unstable to measure the electricity output due to the foam production in the anode. Addition of triton X-100 and tween 80 stabilized the system to measure the electricity output but the current density was not increased higher than $8.4{\times}10^{-4}\;mA/cm^2$ and $2.3{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$. When the thylakoid membrane was substituted to Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells of four-day culture which has chlorophyll contents $20.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, maximum current density was $1.3{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$ with $1\;k{\Omega}$ resistance.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.591-596
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• 2011

Surface floating air cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) having horizontal flow was developed for the application of MFC technology. RVC (Reticulated vitreous carbon) coated with anyline was used as anode electrode and carbon cloth coated with Pt (5.0 g Pt/$m^2$, GDE LT250EW, E-TEK) was used as cathode electrode. As results of continuous operation with changing the flow rate from 4.3 mL/min to 9.5 mL/min, maximum power density of 4.5 W/$m^3$ was acquired at 5.4 mL/min, which was at 0.35 m/hr of flow velocity under anode electrode. When the ratio of cathode surface area to anode surface area($A_c/A_a$) was changed to 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25, the maximum power density of 2.7 W/$m^3$ was shown at the ratio of 1.0. As the ratio decreased from 1.0 to 0.25, the power density also decreased, which is caused by increasing the internal resistance resulted from reducing the surface area to contact with oxygen. Actually, internal resistances of the ratio of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 were 63.75${\Omega}$, 142.18${\Omega}$, and 206.12${\Omega}$, respectively.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.528-532
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• 2007

탄화수소계열의 연료로부터 고순도 수소를 생산하는 것은 연료전지의 효율적인 운전과 밀접하다. 일반적으로 대부분의 탄화수소연료에서 수소를 생산하는 과정은 수소, 일산화탄소, 이산화탄소와 수증기혼합물이 생성되는 개질과정 및 일산화탄소를 저감하는 전이반응과 선택적 산화반응 과정으로 구성되어있다. 전이반응은 일산화탄소를 이산화탄소로 전환하는 동시에 수소가 생성되는 고온전이와 저온전이로 구성된 두 단계의 촉매전환 공정이다. 전이반응은 개질가스를 고온전이 반응에서 일산화탄소를 $3\sim4%$까지 낮추며 저온전이 반응에서 0.5%까지 저감한다. 본 연구에서 개질가스 중 일산화탄소를 0.5% 이하로 저감하기 위하여 전이반응기 설계 및 실험을 진행하였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 계통연계를 위한 연료전지 발전시스템에서 부하 급증시 연료전지의 느린 응답특성 보상용 슈퍼커패시터 에너지 저장시스템에 대해 다루고자 한다. 이러한 경우 슈퍼커패시터의 충 방전을 위해서 양방향 DC/DC 컨버터가 사용되는데 기존의 컨버터는 넓은 영역에서 소프트 스위칭을 가능하게 하고 스위칭 시 순시 과전압을 감쇠시키기 위하여 클램핑 회로를 부가하는 등의 방법을 사용한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방식은 부가회로 없이 스위칭 패턴을 충전 및 방전 특성에 적합하게 함으로써 하드웨어 구성을 최소화 하였으며, 아울러 전 동작영역에서 영전압 또는 영전류 스위칭이 가능하도록 하여 효율이 극대화 되도록 하였다. 1 kW급 충 방전 시스템을 구현하여시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 제안한 방식의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.608-613
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• 2010

Electricity generation of microbial fuel cells (MFC) is greatly affected by the kind of feed substrates because substrates would change microbial community of electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) able to transfer electrons to electrode. The effect of different substrates on electricity generation and microbial community of MFC was investigated. Two-chamber MFCs fed with acetate (A-MFC), butyrate (B-MFC), propionate (P-MFC), glucose (G-MFC) and a mixture (M-MFC) of the 4 substrates (acetate : butyrate : propionate : glucose = 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 as $COD_{Cr}$ base) were operated under continuous mode. The maximum power density was found from the M-MFC ($190W/m^3$) which showed the lowest internal resistance ($89{\Omega}$). The maximum power densities of the pure substrates feed MFCs were in order of A-MFC ($25W/m^3$), P-MFC ($21W/m^3$), B-MFC ($20W/m^3$) and G-MFC ($9W/m^3$). In DGGE analysis, the microbial community structure in suspension was quite different from each others depending on feed substrates, while the community structure in the biofilm was relatively similar regardless of the substrates. This result suggests that the feed substrates would affect the microbial community of suspended growth bacteria than attached growth bacteria resulting in difference of electricity generation in MFCs.

• 에너지공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 1993

본 논문은 5.9kW급 인산형 연료전지 발전시스템의 운전에 필요한 메탄올 연료개질기의 설계와 이의 운전 특성에 관한 것이다. 연료개질장치는 메탄올을 연소용 및 개질용연료로 사용하며, 개 질 반응 촉매는 CuO-ZnO계를 사용하고, 개질 반응기는 단일 환형 반응기 형태로 설계하였다. 개질 장치의 일산화탄소 생성 특성은 전체적으로 이론적인 평형값에는 도달하지 못하였으나, 반응온도가 증가할수록 농도가 증가하였으며, 개질 연료의 물/메탄올 몰비가 증가하면 감소하였다. 정격운전에서 촉매반응기의 축방향 온도분포는 이론적인 값과 잘 일치하였으며, 운전 개시후 50분 훈에 정상 운전이 가능하였다. 개질 시스템의 효율은 정격운전에서는 72.3%, 1/4 부하에서는 77%로 부하가 증가할수록 효율은 감소하였다. 개질기를 연료전지 본체와 연계운전시 개질기에 개질용 메탄올 및 연소용 메탄올의 공급유량이 각각 88.1 mol/h, 50.0mol/h 인 경우 정격전압인 37.6V의 전안에서 안정적인 5.5 kWh의 전력을 생산 할 수 있었다.