• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.446-455
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• 2017

We investigated the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) to provide a consumer-oriented quality index. Oriental melon fruits were harvested at 20, 25, or 30 days after fruit set (DAFS), and each group was sorted by size (small, medium, and large). Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS had higher CIE $a^*$ and $b^*$ values, higher soluble solids content (SSC), and lower CIE $L^*$, firmness, and titratable acidity (TA) values than fruits harvested at 20 DAFS. Fruits harvested at 25 and 30 DAFS scored more highly for overall acceptance. A significant correlation was found between physicochemical characteristics and overall acceptance. In the delayed-harvest sample, increased sweetness and yellowness, and decreased sensorial texture were associated with an increase in overall acceptance. In principal component analysis, F1 and F2 explained 62.16% and 17.91% of the total variance (80.07%), respectively. Regression analysis of overall acceptance and F1 gave a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.87. Our results show that consideration of the physicochemical characteristics (CIE value, SSC, pH, SSC/TA ratio, and firmness) and sensory characteristics (yellowness, placenta area condition, oriental melon odor, sweetness, oriental melon flavor, texture, and off odor) of oriental melon in this way can be used as quality indices to predict consumer acceptance.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.366-371
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• 2010

A study was conducted to examine the effect of precooling (2, 4, or $8^{\circ}C$) and storage (4, 8, or $10^{\circ}C$) temperatures on the storage life of 'Maehyang' and 'Soogyeong' strawberries for export. Fruits at a 70% ripe stage were harvested from a commercial greenhouse in Jinju on March 16, 2010. Fruits were precooled by a forced draft cooling for 3 hours, transported for about 30 minutes to a lab., and then stored. For precooling, small precoolers set in the farm were used. During storage, fruits were examined for their changes in weight, hardness, color (hunter value), soluble solid content, incidence of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), and marketability at a two days interval from March 16 to March 30. In both cultivars, hardness, sugar content, and hunter value were higher in 'Soogyeong' than 'Maehyang'. The greatest hardness and soluble solid content were obtained after storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in both cultivars. As the ripening stage progressed, hardness and soluble solid content decreased. Also, fresh weight decreased during storage at all temperatures. Gray mold was the greatest at $10^{\circ}C$ storage temperature. The results indicate that effectiveness for keeping the freshness was best achieved by precooling at $2^{\circ}C$ and storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in both cultivars.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

A study was conducted to examine the effect of precooling and storage temperatures on the storage life of 'Maehyang' strawberry for export. Fruits at a 80% ripe stage were harvested from a commercial greenhouse in Gyeongsangnamdo Jinju on January 11, 2011. Fruits were precooled at 0, 2, $4^{\circ}C$ for 2-5 hours, and then transported for about 30 minutes. And stored in set chamber at 4, 8, $10^{\circ}C$, immediately. Fruits were examined for their changes in weight, hardness, Hunter color values, soluble solid content (SSC), acidity, and incidence of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) during storage. The fresh weight decreased during storage at all temperatures. Especially, strawberry treated the lowest precooling and storage temperatures was the greatest in quality. The hardness was drastically decreased in precooled at $4^{\circ}C$ and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ after storage 10 days. SSC was the greatest when strawberry stored at the lowest temperature. Acidity increased during storage at all temperatures. But in the last day after storage, the strawberry of precooled at $4^{\circ}C$ and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ was the highest as 0.7%. Gray mold was the greatest at $10^{\circ}C$ storage temperature. The results indicate that effectiveness for keeping the freshness was best achieved by precooling at $0^{\circ}C$ and storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The productivity and quality of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) greatly depend on the number of fruits in a plant. Especially, fruit set more than appropriate number negatively affects productivity and marketability due to the increased number of small fruits and delayed harvest time. This study was conducted to investigate proper timing and concentration for applying chemical blossom thinners such as ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) and UREA. METHODS AND RESULTS: ATS at 1.25% and 1.50%, and UREA at 6% and 8% were applied in four developmental stages, bud swell, pink bud, full bloom and petal fall. Fruit thinning rate was calculated based on the number of fruits harvested divided by that of flowers before applying blossom thinners. Ratios of leaf to flower and leaf to fruit were calculated based on the number of fully developed leaves in 25 days after full blossom divided by that of flowers or fruits, respectively. Chemical injury of leaves was investigated by calculating the number of leaves with chemical injury divided by the total number of leaves. Fruit thinning rates were 48% and 66% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 62% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, fruit thinning rates were 18% and 24% for UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, and 49% and 35% for ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively. Leaf to fruit ratio (L/FR) increased by 109% and 188% compared to leaf to flower ratio in ATS treatments at 1.25% and 1.50%, respectively, and L/FR increased 93 and 196% in UREA treatments at 6% and 8%, respectively, in the full bloom stage. In the petal fall stage, leaf to fruit ratio increased by 60% to 100% in ATS treatments, but did not significantly differ from the control in UREA treatments. Fruit harvest was delayed in all treatments of all developmental stages except for 1.5% ATS and 6% UREA treatments at the petal fall stage, whose fruit harvest was two or three days faster than the control. CONCLUSION: The application of ATS and UREA for blossom thinning should be in the petal fall and full bloom stages for early and late harvest, respectively. Considering chemical injury, integrated harvesting and fruit size, however, it is appropriate to apply ATS at 1.5% in the petal fall stage to increase fruit productivity and quality in blueberry.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2014

This study investigated the effects of using a pollen suspension for artificial pollination on the labor costs, fruit set, and fruit quality attributes of 'Fuji' apples. The pollen germination rate was 20% in a 20% fructose solution after 6 hours, and the pollen remained stable for 6 hours in the same solution. The king fruit per flower cluster exhibited a normal fruit set, regardless of the treatment. Plus, none of the artificial pollination applications affected the fruit length/diameter ratio, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, or titratable acidity in the harvested 'Fuji' apple fruits. However, the labor savings were significantly higher with the pollen suspension treatment when compared with the cotton swab or love-touch. Therefore, the labor cost was four-fold less in use of pollen suspension than in use of cotton swab for artificial pollination.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 2000

Apple fruit grading is largely dependant on skin color degree. This work reports about the possibility of nondestructive assessment of apple fruit color using infrared(NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. NIR spectra of apple fruit were collected in wavelength range of 1100~2500nm using an InfraAlyzer 500C(Bran+Luebbe). Calibration as calculated by the standard analysis procedures MLR(multiple linear regression) and stepwise, was performed by allowing the IDAS software to select the best regression equations using raw spectra of sample. Color degree of apple skin was expressed as 2 factors, anthocyanin content by purification and a-value by colorimeter. A total of 90 fruits was used for the calibration set(54) and prediction set(36). For determining a-value, the calibration model composed 6 wavelengths(2076, 2120, 2276, 2488, 2072 and 1492nm) provided the highest accuracy : correlation coefficient is 0.913 and standard error of prediction is 4.94. But, the accuracy of prediction result for anthocyanin content determining was rather low(R of 0.761).

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 2000

Leaf explants of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of $\alpha$-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Direct shoot orgnogenesis as well as callus formation with somatic embryos and multiple shoots was observed from leaf explants of cvs. Shinhukjinju and Chungjang. The highest frequency of shoot formation 80% was observed on MS medium supplemented with NAA/BAP (5.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/2.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), with explants forming 3-7 shoots. Shoots formation occured within 3 to 4 weeks. Only one subculture of calli was required for plant regeneration on normal growth regulator-free medium. Plantlets transferred to soil developed into plants of normal appearance, which flowered and set fruits.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.310-315
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• 2018

Under the "Positive List System (PLS)," a uniform limit of 0.01 mg/kg is applied if the agricultural product does not have a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) for a pesticide. The purpose of this research is to conduct residual pesticide monitoring on tropical fruits distributed in Gyeonggi-do to investigate the effects of PLS and provide basic materials for establishing MRLs of residual pesticides for tropical fruits produced in Korea. By inspecting 120 tropical fruits distributed in Gyeonggi-do according to Multi-class pesticide multi-residue methods, we detected sevenfruits from threekinds of banana, mangoes, and kiwis with six different residual pesticides. Azoxystrobin and chlorpyrifos were detected from bananas, chlorfenapyr from mangoes, and chlorothalonil, iprodione, and procymidone from kiwis. A single case of chlorfenapyr and chlorothalonil was found with a mango and a kiwi produced in Korea, respectively, and by applying PLS we found that they exceeded the MRL of residual pesticide. Thus, it is necessary to set the MRL of residual pesticides for tropical fruits produced in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2001

The residents of institutional settings for the disabled people are likely to be a potentially nutritional at-risk groups. The objective of the present study was to investigate the current nutrition and foodservice management in institutions for the disabled using a survey questionnaire. The majority (85%) of the institutions was using a simple pre-set menu that consists of rice, soup or stew, kimchi, and two other side dishes. Some twelve percent of the institutions served only one side dish. The residents were consuming a diet of a low diversity with insufficient amounts of micronutrient rich foods. As a protein source, legumes and soybean curds, and eggs were served 90% and 94% of the time, while beef, pork or poultry, a better iron source, was served less than 2-3 times per month. Fruits were most infrequently served food items in these facilities with 38% of the facilities serving fruits only 2-3 times per month. With regard to the nutrition and health care management, the physical examination on the residents was conducted annually in 88.8%, routine hemoglobin measurement peformed in 66%, and nutrition education was conducted in 10.9% of the surveyed facilities. The foodservice and nutrition management manual will help ensure a safe and better quality foodservice for the disabled people, which is necessary for the improvement of health and nutrition of these people.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-54
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to develop a model that could be used in the design of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for peaches. Respiratory data at 5, 10, $20^{\circ}C$ for peaches were gathered and altered for create useful respiration model. Packaging materials were conventional low density polyethylene and polypropylene with anti-fog, and anti-fungi treatments, and thickness was $30{\mu}m$ and $50{\mu}m$ each. Permeability tests were performed to find their oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor transmission rate as increases in temperature. Test results were then converted to logarithm format for MAP modeling. The maximum rate of oxygen uptake increased with increasing temperature. Optimum gas composition in the package system for fruits were set according to literature and upper or lower limits of oxygen and dioxide established. To predict gas composition at certain storage time, weight of fruits, film thickness, film type, and other variables, respiration rate was studied at various storage conditions. The results of tests were used to calculate Cameron's model and converted to a cubic estimation equation. The validity of the model was tested experimentally by observing actual atmospheric changes inside packages. This result of study may be useful for designing dynamic gas exchange MAP systems for similar agricultural products.