• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2019

Oyster mushrooms are an economically important crop, accounting for 35% of the total mushroom production in Korea. In this study, we developed a new cultivar of Pleurotus ostreatus, known as 'Baekseon,' which is characterized by a white pileus with a white stipe. It was bred by mating monokaryons isolated from white mutant oyster mushrooms that were naturally generated from 'Gonji-7ho' and 'Wonhyeong-1ho' at the Mushroom Research Institute, GARES, Korea in 2018. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar medium was approximately $28-31^{\circ}C$, and the optimum temperatures for primordia formation and growth of fruit bodies on sawdust media were $22^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The time required for the bottle-cultured mushrooms to complete spawn running, primordia formation, and growth of fruit bodies was 30 days, 4 days, and 4 days, respectively. The fruit bodies were bundle-shaped, the pilei were round type and white, and the stipes were white. The stipes were slender and longer than those of the control ('Miso'). In the productivity test, the yield per bottle was 185 g/1100 mL, which was 45% greater than that of the control ('Miso'). In the farm test, the yield per bottle for Farm A (Pyeongtaek) and Farm B (Yeoju) was 184 g/1100 mL and 178 g/850 mL, respectively. With regard to the physical properties of fruit bodies, the springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and brittleness of stipe tissue were 80%, 57%, 720 g, and 57 kg, respectively. These values were lower than those of the control ('Miso'). To test the shelf life, the fruit bodies were wrapped with antifogging film and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 28 days and then at room temperature for 4 days; such conditions were sufficient for maintaining edibility.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1212-1220
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• 2019

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. Cordyceps militaris has been very attractive to natural medicine as a traditional Chinese medicine, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile in 50% ethanol extracts of C. militaris fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using $^1H-NMR$, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds. Among the three development periods of the C. militaris fruit body, the aging period showed significantly higher levels of metabolites including cordycepin, mannitol (cordycepic acid), and ${\beta}-glucan$. Interestingly, these bioactive metabolites are positively correlated with antitumor growth effect; the extract of the aging period showed significant inhibition of HepG2 hepatic cancer cell proliferation. These results showed that the aging period during the development of C. militaris fruit bodies was more highly enriched with bioactive metabolites that are associated with cancer cell growth inhibition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.225-230
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• 2006

To elucidate the effect of temperature on the fruit body growth and structure of pleurotus ostreatus cultivar Chunchu No.2, microstructures were observed with scanning- and transmission electron microscope. Pileocystidia were well developed on the surface of pileus in the fruit body cultivated at $7^{\circ}C$. As the increasing temperature for fruit body development, thickness of pileus, thickness of stipes and length of stipes shown thin, thick and long, respectively. Color of pileus was also changes to whitish grown under high temperature. Physical structure shown as hardness and gumminess of stipes grown at high temperature, fruit body were soften than that of low temperature. Microstructures of fruit body grown at high temperature shown fast-discharge of basidiospore and sytoms aging. vacuolation in the cell observed at mycelium grown under high temperature. Optimum temperature for vegetative growth of fruit bodies were $15^{\circ}C$, and shown regular arrangement of mycelium on the surface of stipes.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.191-194
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• 2013

The fresh fruit bodies of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV)-B (280-320 nm) in order to increase vitamin $D_2$ contents, which was assayed using HPLC (Waters 1525, USA). The vitamin $D_2$ contents were $3.5{\mu}g/g$ after 3 min UV-B irradiation ($21.6KJ/m^2$) and $6.02{\mu}g/g$ after 5 min UV-B irradiation ($36KJ/m^2$), respectively, which showed the significant increase considering the vitamin $D_2$ content ($0.01{\mu}g/g$) before UV-B irradiation. This increasing effect was confirmed also for other edible mushrooms; Pleurotus eryngii, from $0.09{\mu}g/g$ to $2.75{\mu}g/g$ (3 min) and $5.21{\mu}g/g$ (5 min); Lentinus edodes, from $0.021{\mu}g/g$ to $3.02{\mu}g/g$ (3 min) and $3.78{\mu}g/g$ (5 min); Pleurotus ostreatus, from $0.19{\mu}g/g$ to $9.63{\mu}g/g$ (3 min) and $11.6{\mu}g/g$ (5 min). Although the original content of vitamin $D_2$ was the highest in P. ostreatus, the extent of increase by UV irradiation was remarkably high in P. eryngii var. ferulae.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.154-158
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• 2005

The results were as follows; 3 additives(rice bran, wheat bran and soybean bran) to the Quercus dentata sawdust were applied at 10, 20 and 30%. High yield was recorded at 20% of rice bran and wheat bran and 30% of soybean bran. Among various sawdust media, the cultivation with the Quercus dentata sawdust alone showed the most favored growth index, such as 22 days of full mycelial growth, 11 days of pinheading from spawning and 23.5g per $1,200m{\ell}$ bottle. In the size of bottles, the lowest infection ratio was 5 % at $1,200m{\ell}$ bottle. In the growth characteristics with the bottle size, Reishi at $1,600m{\ell}$ bottle showed best result when it is observed for 13~15 days in pinheading from spawing, 36~37 days in fruit bodies growing and 26.7~29.3g yield per bottle. The highest yield per area was 6.4kg at horizontal bed with 218 bottles per $3.3m^2$. The Reishi produced in $1,600m{\ell}$ bottle with horizontal cultivation had less number of fruit bodies and best yield, thus it is determined to be the most economic method.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 1991

Fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum have been used for most pharmacological studies, but pharmacological effects are likely variable because the habitats and strains of Ganoderma lucidum are different. Therefore, their fermentation is required to produce constant and reliable pharmacolo­gical constituents from Ganoderma lucidum. During the studies of medium for industrial application. it was found that ginseng root residues, remaining after being extracted with ethanol, were a good carbon source for a fermentation of Genoderma lucidum and a corn steep liquor was also economical for the nitrogen source. Yield of the mycelial cultured in ginseng root residues and corn steep liquor was 2.5 times higher than that in glucose and peptone, known as a conventional medium of Ganoderma lucidum. The polysaccharide content of the extracts from the cultured mycelia was higher than that from fruit bodies, but protein content was vice versa. Extracts of the cultured mycelia were more effective and lasting than extracts of the fruit bodies in decreased hypertention of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.233-237
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• 2000

As part of a continuing investigation to identify free radical scavengers from the fruit bodies of basidiomycetes, we isolated two p-terphenyl compounds, designated as PAl and PA2l, from cethanolic extract of the fruit body of Pasillus panuoides. The methanolic extract was processed by ethyl acetate extraction and silica gel column chromatography to yield two active fraction. PAl was obtained from one of the fractions through Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatographies and reverse-phase HPLC. The other fraction was purified by Sephadex LH-20 and reverse-phase column chromatographies to produce PA2. The compounds PA1 and PA2 were identified as leucomentin-4 and leucomentin-2, respectively, on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses. These compounds exhibited strong inhibitory activities against lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes with IC_{50}$ values of 0.10 and $0.06{\;}\mu\textrm{g}ml$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.235-237
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• 2006

When fruit bodies of Coprinellus congregatus were matured, they were autolysed to form black ink. During the developmental changes, cell walls of basidia were degraded. Laccase formed melanin which was the typical black pigment of fungi, and chitinase hydrolyzed the chitin which was a component of fungal cell wall. When laccase and chitinase genes were used as the probe for the Northern analysis to confirm their expression during the fruit body development, both gene expressions were increased as the mushroom was getting matured.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.299-300
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• 2011

Two species of cultivated Phellinus sp. were identified as P. baumii by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The fruit bodies of the examined strains were similar to those of naturally occurring strains, having a bracket-like form, yellow-to-orange color, and poroid hymenial surfaces. The DNA sequences of ITS region of both strains showed a homology of 99% with ITS1 to ITS2 sequences of P. (Inonotus) baumii strain PB0806.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2013

Armillaria gallica was ecologically surveyed to investigate its relationship with Gastrodia elata in cultivation areas of Korea in 2012. In the observation made around October 17 in the area of Namyangju (Gyeonggi), Sangju (Gyeongbuk) and Gimcheon (Gyeongbuk) in Korea, the fruit bodies of A. gallica were consistently found near the cultivation areas of Gastrodia elata across these cultivation areas. Since the temperature and rainfall have been considered as important factors of fruiting of A. gallica, we checked the temperature and rainfall around two weeks ago of mushroom fruiting. The average temperature of all cultivation areas was $9.9{\sim}17.5^{\circ}C$ (the lowest temp.: $3{\sim}23^{\circ}C$, the highest temp.: $15{\sim}26^{\circ}C$) and the annual rainfall was 0.5~1.0mm on October 10 which can be compared to 2.5~4.5mm on October 17. Fruiting bodies were generally developed at weedy field in which G. elata were cultivated five years ago. The field was inclined 15 degrees, east-facing and consists of loam. The fruit bodies were formed on both sides of a small ditch between the Gastrodia elata cultivation fields and neighboring fields, and the areas were common weeds and moisture at all times. The fruiting bodies were growing above the soil rather than oak wood. Gregarious, but also occurs to 1-5 fruiting bodies occur sporadically. Results observed in detail the growing areas, some fruit bodies were developed along the black and thick rhizomorph formation.