• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.936-942
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• 2012

Prunus mume has been traditionally used as a medicinal food in Korea, Japan, and China. In particular, this fruit has been reported to have beneficial biological effects on gastritis and gastric ulcers. However, its action in relation to skin whitening has remained unclear. Accordingly, the effects of fruit extract of P. mume related to antioxidation and skin whitening were examined in this study. First, using the MTT assay, it was observed that fruit extract of P. mume below 0.1% has no cytotoxicity in B16-F1 cells as a result of cell viability. Second, the direct scavenging effects and the reducing power of the fruit extract of P. mume were evaluated in vitro on DPPH radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide. It exhibited high reducing power and scavenging activity on the aforementioned reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, we found that its protective effect against genomic DNA damage related to oxidative stress was increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the fruit extract of P. mume had an inhibitory effect on melanin production induced by L-dopa. In addition, it reduced the expression level of NRF-2, SOD-1, and SOD-2 related to antioxidation in western blot analysis. These results suggest that fruit extract of P. mume could exert a whitening effect through inhibition of melanin production by its antioxidant effect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1718-1724
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• 2010

Bioactive and chemical properties of silkworm powder (SP) degradation by fruit extract containing the proteolytic enzymes of kiwifruit, papaya, pineapple and pear were investigated. Silkworm powder was incubated with extracts from each fruit at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Protein content was slightly higher in the SP treated with fruit extract than that in the control SP. Major minerals were K, Ca, Mg, and Zn. Major fatty acids were linolenic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid. When total protein patterns were analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), silkworm protein was strongly degraded by the treatment of fruit extract from pineapple, papaya, and pear, but little silkworm degradation was observed in kiwifruit extract treatment. Fibriolytic activity was only detected in the SP by the fruit extract treatments from papaya and pear. DPPH radical scavenging activity was slightly stronger in the SP treated with fruit extract than that in silkworm powder. However, all these samples exhibiteda relatively low activity compared with the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These results may provide the basic data for understanding the biological activities and chemical characteristics of SP treated with fruit extract for development of functional foods.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2010

The antioxidant activity of hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) extracts was investigated by several in vitro antioxidants properties, including DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, iron-chelating capacity and nitrite scavenging activity. Among the extracts in this study, the 70% EtOH extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the others. The $IC_{50}$ value of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was $99.26\;{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, the 70% EtOH extract also showed significantly high total phenolic and flavonoids contents and reducing power activity. However, the MeOH extract exhibited stronger effects on hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, iron-chelating capacity and nitrite scavenging activity. All the results implicated that, the hawthorn fruit may has the available potential to be utilize as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.325-333
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate biological activities to different ethanol extracts from unripened and ripened fruit (Rubus coreanus Miq.). 25% to 75% ethanol extracts of unripened and ripened fruits were similar to extract yield respectively. Yield of ethanol extract of ripened fruit were approximately 3 times higher than that of unripened fruit. 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit showed the highest contents of total polyphenol ($180.04{\pm}0.41$ mg/g) and total flavonoid ($50.43{\pm}0.81$ mg/g). Contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid of unripened fruit were about 2 times higher than those of ripened fruit. $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH radical scavenging activity and linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition activity of BHA and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol showed $13.19{\pm}0.21$ and $18.16{\pm}0.23{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $4.25{\pm}0.04{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $5.56{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively, but 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit showed the lowest $23.85{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $7.34{\pm}0.07{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ among other all extracts. $IC_{50}$ values of LDL (low density lipoprotein) oxidation inhibition activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit showed the lowest $1.04{\pm}0.04{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $7.21{\pm}0.13{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ among other all extracts respectively. Specifically, 75% ethanol extract of unripened fruit has relatively better biological activities than other ethanol extracts, it could be potentially used as bioactive source for health functional foods.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.1 s.96
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

The biological activities of extracts from the fruit, stem, and leaf of Hovenia dulcis were examined. In the batch mode of operation, the fruit, stem, and leaf of Hovenia dulcis were extracted with hot water for 10 hr. The fruit extract of Hovenia dulcis gave the highest activity for decreasing alcohol concentration which was 138% of control. The equilibrium between bioactive compound in the fruit (size : 4 mm) and hot water solution was reached within 6 hr and the recovery was 95% by three-times extraction. The fruit extract of Hovenia dulcis showed significant alcohol decrease in blood and hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4$-toxicity in rat. The fruit extract significantly inhibited the elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-89
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• 2001

The unripe fruit extract of Juglans mandshurica showed significant inhibition on aspirin and indomethacin induced gastric lesion at an oral dose of 1000 mg/kg. The extract did not show inhibition of aspirin induced ulcer and Shay ulcer at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The results indicate that the extract had a gastroprotective activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-96
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• 2008

The ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa Lin. (Moraceae) bark and fruit were tested for its possible antinociceptive activity study on acetic acid induced writhing method in mice. Both the bark and fruit extracts at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant antinociceptive activity on the experimental animals. The fruit extract showed most potent inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing in mice (61.38%, P < 0.001) where as the bark extract showed inhibition only 42.6% (P < 0.001) and all the result were statistically significant.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Purpose: To verify the anti-microbiotic activity and to develop eco-friendly surface disinfectants using the Opuntia ficus-indica extract. Methods: The stem and fruits of the Opuntia cultivated in Jeju Island were extracted with hot water, 70% EtOH and 100% MeOH, respectively. To examine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts, gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium), yeast (Candida albicans), mold (Aspergillus flavus) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus) were measured to form a clear zone. Results: The antibacterial activity of the fruit extract was higher than that of the stem extract, and the antibacterial activity of the 100% MeOH (FM) extract and the 70% EtOH (FE) extract of the palm cactus fruit was suitable for the surface disinfectant overall, and clear-zone formed even at relatively low concentrations (250 mg/mL). The FM and FE have antibacterial activity against various bacteria, therefore they can be used as disinfectants. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica extract from Jeju Island by stem and fruit was determined at relatively low concentrations (250 mg/mL). The Opuntia ficus-indica extract will be useful for surface disinfectants dissolving the patients' bath, oral gargling, and powdered powder in water or ethanol in appropriate concentrations.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.245-253
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to investigate the quality characteristics of nutritional cereal bars with various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) of Citrus fruit extract. Regarding the color of nutritional cereal bars, the L value decreased according to the amount of nutritional cereal bars added, whereas a, b color values increased. The nutritional cereal bar with 5, 10, 15, and 20% Citrus fruit extract had a significantly lower hardness value than the control nutritional cereal bar. The result of a sensory test showed that the scores for color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability were the highest for the nutritional cereal bar with 15% Citrus fruit extract. The nutritional cereal bar with 20% Citrus fruit extract attained the highest flavor score. The results indicated that optimal concentration of Citrus fruit extract in nutritional cereal bars were 15%. The quality characteristics of the nutritional cereal bar were also potential materials for good healthy food.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1207-1214
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• 2009

Functional properties of Solanium nigrum-ethanol extract were investigated, nitrite scavenging ability(NSA) and antioxidant activities based on thiobarbituric acid(TBA) value were measured. The contents of potassium in fruit and root, calcium in leaf were the highest mineral components in each parts of Solanium nigrum. Total aromatics contents(TAC) was order of fruit>root>leaf, total flavonoid contents(TFC) in leaf was 6 and 10 times, total phenolic compounds contents(TPC) in leaf was 15 and 30 times of those in fruit and root, respectively, and TFC was high with TPC increase. NSA of leaf-ethanol extract was 61.9% on pH 1.2, 53.5% on pH 3.0, 54.8% on pH 4.0 and 14.3% on pH 6.0, where as NSA of root and fruit-ethanol were considerably low to 3.5~7.9% over pH 1.2~6.0. TBA value of soybean oil with the dosage of leaf-extract showed few differences from control within 3 days, but it fairly decreased with considerable antioxidant effect to 47.6% of the control in 8 days.