• 생약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2016

In this study, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract of different organs such as seed, fruit and root from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (TKM) were investigated in vitro. Among organs of TKM, the methanol extract of seed showed weak 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities with $10.4{\pm}0.1%$ and $25.5{\pm}1.1%$ at $50{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively, and strong 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities with $72.4{\pm}6.3%$ and $96.4{\pm}2.3%$ at $50{\mu}g/mL$ and $100{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were investigated by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production, mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. The methanol extracts of seed and fruit at $50{\mu}g/mL$ potently suppressed LPS-stimulated production of NO and reduced the expression of iNOS mRNA. The methanol extracts of seed and fruit also reduced the expression of COX-2 mRNA remarkably. Therefore, seed and fruit of TKM may be utilized for a wide range of health benefits associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2014

Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by an increased inflammatory state and chronic oxidative stress with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, obesity alters cholesterol metabolism with increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols and triglycerides and decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols. It has been shown that mulberry leaf and fruit ameliorated hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in obese and diabetic subjects. We hypothesized that supplementation with mulberry leaf combined with mulberry fruit (MLFE) ameliorate cholesterol transfer proteins accompanied by reduction of oxidative stress in the high fat diet induced obesity. Mice were fed control diet (CON) or high fat diet (HF) for 9 weeks. After obesity was induced, the mice were administered either the HF or the HF with combination of equal amount of mulberry leaf and fruit extract (MLFE) at 500mg/kg/day by gavage for 12 weeks. MLFE treatment ameliorated HF induced oxidative stress demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and modulated the expression of 2 key proteins involved in cholesterol transfer such as scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in the HF treated animals. This effect was mainly noted in liver tissue rather than in cutaneous tissue. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MLFE treatment has beneficial effects on the modulation of high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and on the regulation of cholesterol transporters. These results suggest that MLFE might be a beneficial substance for conventional therapies to treat obesity and its complications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2015

Grape products have been known to exert greater antioxidant and anti-obesity than anti-hyperglycemic effects in animals and humans. Omija is used as an ingredient in traditional medicine, and it is known to have an anti-hyperglycemic effect. We investigated whether the combined extracts of grape pomace and omija fruit (GE+OE) could reduce fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic tissues and provide beneficial effects against hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either a normal control diet or GE+OE (0.5% grape pomace extract and 0.05% omija fruit extract, w/w) for 7 weeks. GE+OE decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels while increasing adiponectin levels and reducing the total white adipose tissue weight. Furthermore, GE+OE lowered plasma free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride, and total-cholesterol levels as well as hepatic FFA and cholesterol levels. Hepatic fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased in the GE+OE group, whereas hepatic ${\beta}$-oxidation activity was increased. Furthermore, GE+OE supplementation not only reduced hyperglycemia and pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell failure but also lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma insulin levels. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels was also decreased and the decrease seems to be mediated by the lowered activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases. The present data suggest that GE+OE may have the potential to reduce hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of a combination of grape pomace (Vitis labrusca, Campbell Early) and Omija fruit (Schizandra chinensis, Baillon) ethanol extracts on lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system in diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Forty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups and fed high-fat diet (control group, CON) or high-fat diet added 0.5% grape pomace extract (GPE), 0.05% Omija fruit extract (OFE) or 0.5% GPE plus 0.05% OFE (GPE+OFE) for 12 weeks. RESULTS: In contrast to the GPE- or OFE-supplemented groups, the GPE+OFE group showed significantly lower body weight and white adipose tissue weights than the CON group. Moreover, GPE+OFE supplementation significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol and increased the plasma HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratio (HTR) compared to the control diet. The hepatic triglyceride level was significantly lower in the GPE+OFE and GPE groups by increasing ${\beta}$-oxidation and decreasing lipogenic enzyme compared to the CON group. Furthermore, GPE+OFE supplementation significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities with a simultaneous decrease in liver $H_2O_2$ content compared to the control diet. CONCLUSIONS: Together our results suggest that supplementation with the GPE+OFE mixture may be more effective in improving adiposity, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice than those with GPE and OFE alone.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2002

비파 부위별 추출물의 아질산염 소거능 및 항돌연변이 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 추출용매 중 활성이 높게 나타난 메탄올 추출물을 비극성∼극성 용매별로 계통분획한 에칠아세테이트 분획물에서 잎은 80%, 씨를 제거한 과실 81%, 과피 73% 및 종자 63%로 아질산염 소거 효과가 가장 높게 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물의 분획하여 Salmonella typhimurium TA 100에 대한 항돌연변이 효과를 측정한 결과, 잎과 씨를 제거한 과실의 에칠아세테이트 분획물에서 각각 53.1%, 48.3%로 높게 나타났다. 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 농도별로 첨가하여 항돌연변이 효과를 확인한 결과, 잎과 씨를 제거한 과실의 경우 에틸아세테이트 분획물 2.5 mg과 5.0 mg 첨가시 각각 65.5%, 71.2%와 63.4%, 69.2%로 분획물의 농도가 높을수록 항돌연변이 효과가 높게 나타났다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2017

Background: Hair loss related syndromes are increasing due to environmental pollution and stress. Hair care products are mainly prepared by mixing chemicals and natural extracts, such as those obtained from medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 70% ethanol extracts from the flowers of Calendula officinalis, fruit body of Phellinus linteus, and the whole plant of Houttuynia cordata on the growth of CCD-986 cells, hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC), and 3T3-L1 cells. Methods and Results: All sample extracts at all concentrations, except for that from P. linteus fruit body at $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, were cytotoxic to CCD-986 cells. However, none of the sample extracts were cytotoxic to HFDPC. The lipid differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells regulates hair regeneration via secretion of platelet derived growth factor. The 70% ethanol extract of H. cordata whole plant promoted hair growth. Adipogenesis rate significantly increased in a treatment concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: These results suggest that 70% ethanol extracts of C. officinalis flower, P. linteus fruit body and H. cordata could be used for the development of hair care products.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.106-121
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cornus Officinalis fruit extract(CE) and Cornus Officinalis Fruit Cheonghyeol Plus(CCP) in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell. Methods: We measured cell viability of CE, CCP and treated HUVEC with TNF-α. We measured the mRNA expression levels of KLF2, eNOS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, the protein expression levels of KLF2, eNOS, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and the protein phosphorylation level of ERK, JNK, p38 and the biomarker expression levels of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1. Results: 1.CE incresed the mRNA, protein expression levels of KLF2, eNOS at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. CE decresed the mRNA, protein and biomarker expression levels of MCP-1,ICAM-1,VCAM-1 at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. CE decresed the protein phosphorylation level of p38 at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. 2. CCP incresed the mRNA, protein expression levels of KLF2, eNOS at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ or more compared to the control group. CCP decresed the mRNA, protein and biomarker expression levels of MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ or more compared to the control group. CCP decresed the protein phosphorylation level of ERK at concentrations of 100㎍/㎖ or more, p38 at concentrations of 200㎍/㎖ or more, and JNK at concentrations of 400㎍/㎖ compared to the control group. Conclusions: These results present that CE and CCP has anti-inflammatory effect in HUVEC. So, it could help treat or prevent inflammation in vein caused by dyslipidemia and contribute prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular cerebrovascular diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1043-1055
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The fruit of Cydonia oblonga Miller (COM) is used traditionally in Mediterranean region medicine to prevent or treat obesity, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. Beyond a demonstrated anti-obesity effect, the fruit was tested for the mechanism of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured for 8 days with COM fruit extract (COME) at different concentrations (0-600 ㎍/mL) with adipocyte differentiation medium. The cell viability was measured using an MTT assay; triglyceride (TG) was stained with Oil Red O. The expression levels of the adipogenesis-related genes and protein expression were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: COME inhibited intracellular TG accumulation during adipogenesis. A COME treatment in 3T3-L1 cells induced upregulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α phosphorylation and downregulation of the adipogenic transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α. The COME treatment reduced the mRNA expression of fatty acyl synthetase, adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase, adipocyte protein 2, and lipoprotein lipase. It increased the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: COME inhibits adipogenesis via the AMPK signaling pathways. COME may be used to prevent and treat obesity.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2003

건강기능성 식품소재로써 각광을 받고 있는 오미자의 특징적인 붉은 색소인 anthocyanin의 가열 변색에 대한 안정성을 연구하고자 오미자 조추출물(crude pigment extracts from Schizandra fructus)을 색소원으로 하여 가열 변색에 대한 지표로서 browning index(BI)를 이용하여 $80{\sim}100^{\circ}C$에서 kinetic parameter를 조사하였다. 그 결과 pH 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 범위에서 pH가 높을수록 가열 변색 인자인 BI값이 감소하여 높은 pH에서 가열에 의한 변색이 활발하게 이루어졌음을 시사하였다. 지표인자인 BI와 가열시간의 관계를 분석한 결과 가열변색 반응은 2차 반응을 따랐으며 qinoidal base가 우세해지는 pH 5.0 구간을 제외하고는 pH가 높아짐에 따라 반응 속도상수(k)는 증가하여 높은 pH에서 가열 변색이 빠르게 이루어지고 있음을 나타내었다. Arrhenius식에 의해 계산된 오미자 anthocyanin 색소의 활성화 에너지(Ea)는 $24.87{\sim}42.54\;kJ/mol$이었으며, pH가 높아짐에 따라 활성화 에너지(Ea)값이 증가하여 온도 의존성이 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 각 pH조건에서의 지수앞인자($k_0$)와 활성화 에너지(Ea)가 직선 상관관계를 보여 시험한 pH 범위에서 오미자 anthocyanin 색소의 가열 변색 기작은 모두 같은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2013

본 연구는 감귤박의 생리기능성을 탐색하고자 통과 감귤박과, 과피를 제거한 과육 감귤박을 열수와 에탄올로 각각 추출하여 일반성분 및 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 감귤박의 일반성분을 측정한 결과, 열량과 탄수화물은 통과 감귤박이 더 높았으며 수분은 과육 감귤박이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 추출 용매에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 과피를 포함하고 있는 통과 감귤박이 더 높은 함량을 나타냈다. ESR을 이용한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 alkyl 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, 과육보다는 통과 감귤박의 활성이 더 높았으며, 열수추출물보다는 에탄올추출물이 활성이 높게 측정되었다. Liquid chromatography를 이용한 플라보노이드 함량 분석 결과, naringin은 통과 에탄올추출물에서만 검출되었으며, 또한 nobiletin과 tangeretin의 함량이 통과 에탄올추출물에서 높게 나타났다. GC 분석 결과를 토대로 감귤박 추출물의 항산화 활성은 플라보노이드뿐만 아니라 HMF와 maltol에 기인할 수 있음을 나타냈다. 따라서 과피를 포함하고 있는 통과 감귤박은 기능성 식품을 개발하는 데에 있어서 높은 활용 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.