• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.300-311
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• 2013

Subalpine species, Sorbus pohuashanensis in the Korean peninsula, which is assumed to be evolved from hybridization between S. commixta and an unknown species based on the flavonoids data. Morphometric analysis was conducted on the basis of 19 leaf and flower (or fruit) characters. A total of 721 samples in 13 populations of Sorbus pohuashanensis and S. commixta from Korea and additional specimens of S. commixta, S. pohuashanensis, and S. wilsoniana from Japan and China were examined to reveal the hybridization patterns and morphological differences. We found a preliminary evidence where Korean mountain rowan is more related to a Chinese inland taxon, S. wilsoniana, rather than Northeastern Chinese S. pohuashanensis in terms of flavonoids. The current morphological structure of the Korean mountaion rowan, however, which is more similar to S. commixta, was neither associated with that of S. wilsoniana nor that of S. pohuashanensis. This indicates that this morphological variation represents an intermediate of S. commixta and S. wilsoniana via a more ancient hybridization event in terms of qualitative characters, such as stipules, buds, and carpels. These morphometric differences together with other distinguishing characteristics suggest that the Korean mountain rowan should be considered as a conspecific species of S. commixta, although this demonstration of hybridization with the current phenetic species concept contradicts longstanding historical species concept.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2006

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental data such as peeling efficiency and quality of potatoes and sweet potatoes peeled by hand, machine and alkali(NaOH). The weight loss by peeling was influenced by peeling methods. Weight losses by rotational brushing-type peeler showed the lowest value, 7.9% in potato, and 7.3% in sweet potato. Any significant differences in moisture content were not found in potatoes and sweet potatoes by peeling methods. The pH of potatoes and sweet potatoes just after peeling were 5.8-6.8 and 6.23-6.63, and decreased somewhat until 3 hrs after peeling. Hardness of potatoes and sweet potatoes peeled by hand with fruit knife were better than that of others. Depending upon the peeling method used the color and color differences undergo some changes in their color and browning. Color difference value of peeled potatoes by hand with a technical tools, and by mechanical peeler such as rotational cutting-type peeler and rotational brushing-type peeler showed just slightly. In particular, changes of rotor differences value of potatoes and sweet potatoes peeled by dipping with 10% NaOH solution at $100^{\circ}C$ was the highest in the samples peeled by NaOH.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.279-279
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• 2017

In Korea, the single span unheated plastic house cultivated crops from autumn to spring of the following year, removed the plastic film and frame, cultivated rice, set up a plastic house again and cultivated crops. The crops in the greenhouse are utilized mainly for the production of leaf vegetables such as lettuce, leek, and fruit vegetables such as strawberry, watermelon, oriental melon, etc. and raising high income. Because, the production of these crops has characteristics requiring a lot of labor and it is difficult to produce horticultural crops at unheated plastic houses as the rural population ages. Therefore, we conducted a test to develop a crop planting system to cultivate crops in single span unheated plastic houses, although the utilization of labor is less than that of horticultural crops. The prior cropping cultivated three cultivars of sweet potatoes early, the second produced cultivated sweet potatoes, corn and soybeans. In the cultivation of the previous cropping, the sweet potatoes were harvested on the 113th day after planting on March 30th, the yield was 822 kg/10a for Pungwonmi, 1,377 kg/10a for Jinhongmi, 1,483 kg/10a for the Dahomi. Because of differences, the yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was less than that other cultivars and the yield of open field cultivations, we will expect further research. In the cultivation of the succeeding crops sweet potatoes were planted on July 27 and harvested 110 days later and investigated. The product yield of Pungwonmi cultivar was 1,024 kg/10a, and the Jinhongmi, Dahomi cultivars were not at economic level for sale and were necessary to review. In succeeding-crops, corn tested the Ilmichal cultivar, seeded on 27th July, harvested on October 11th. The day of silking was 45 days after sowing, the yield was 1,156 kg/10a, the goods rate was 100% level. The beans in the succeeding cultivation crop were sowed on 27th July, the early maturing of the varieties coming to Hwangeumol and Saeol cultivar, on 17th October, the late maturing soybean Daewonkong cultivar were harvested on October 21st. The yield of early maturing two cultivars was 214 kg/10a, Daewonkong was 257 kg/10a, and 100 seeds weight which were more than the early maturing beans were also heavy. When calculating these incomes price-wise according to the harvest time, we were able to consider the income in the order of corn, sweet potato and soybean from the second term crop. Various studies such as varieties, mulching method, moisture management, control environment management, etc. are considered necessary to develop cropping systems with sweet potato and field crops in future unheated plastic house.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.220-223
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• 2002

In April of 2002, fruit rot infected with blue mold was found at maturing stage of melon (Cucumis melo cv. Gayabaegja) growing under tunnel cultivation in Daesan-myon, Haman-gun, Gyeongnam Province, Korea. Floral parts were infected first and colonized by fungal mycelial mats. From the point of infection, fruits become collapsed and mostly ruptured. The pathogenic fungus from infected fruits was isolated. Colony color of the fungus was white on MEA and CYA agar, Conidia were ellipsoid and 2.6~7.4$\times$2.6~5.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Stipes were 86~320$\times$2.8~4.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Metulae were 12.4~31.6$\times$2.6~4.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Phialides were ampulliform to cylindroid, and 8.2~15.4$\times$3.6~4.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Rate of infected fruits in the field was 4.3%. Based on the cultural and mycological characteristics and pathogenecity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Penicillium oxalicum, This is the first report on the blue mold of melon (Cucumis melo) caused by P. oxalicum in Korea.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2018

A new blackish-brown variety of Flammulina velutipes, 'Yeoreumhyang2ho,' which was bred by crossing two monokaryons isolated from the 'Heukhyang' and 'Garlmoe' varieties, showed adaptability to high temperature. During bottle cultivation, the temperature was maintained at $16^{\circ}C$ and the variety displayed good productivity compared to the control ('Heukhyang'), without necessitating low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$) treatment. The period necessary for mycelial and fruit body growth, and primordia formation was 24 days, 8 days, and 8 days, respectively. The total cultivation period was 40 days, which was 3 days shorter than that of the control. Particularly, primordia formation took 2 days less than the control and showed initial uniformity. The yield of 'Yeoreumhyang2ho' was 154 g per 850 ml bottle, which was 8% higher than the control yield. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content was 67.9 g per 100 g dry weight, which is approximately 1.1-2.2 times the amount of ${\beta}-glucan$ in control, the golden and white mushrooms that are available in the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1976

A determination of proper maturity is a significant factor for a good quality and storage. This study is aimed at a determination of optimum harvest date related to a decisive measuring of maturity in Spur Golden Delicious. In this case, respiratory status and other characteristics are taken as a indicator for maturing determination. The results are as follows. 1. Respiratory rate has been decreased through a fruit development and come to its minimized point on Sep. 25. at last. On the contrary its tendency has been increased after Sep. 25. It is also estimated that the former is pre-climacteric, the latter climacteric rise based on dimacteric minimum Sep. 25. 2. A flesh hardness has maintained comparably high value until Sep. 18. But in the point of climacteric minimum, Sep. 25, curve of flesh firmness has rapidly been broken down, and after Sep. 25, tendency has slowly decreased at the sucessive date. 3. Pectin content, optimum acidity are remarkably decreased after Sep. 25, Oct. 2 respectively. 4. When water soluble sugar content shows to be swung from climacteric minimum, any resonable tendency are not found. 5. In this experiment, optimum harvest time is found by Oct. 2, in time of 145 days after flowering.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Biological characteristics of 5 Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Zs) fruits such as Z1 (early August), Z2 (middle August), Z3 (middle September), Z4 (early October) and Z5 (middle October) according to harvesting time were evaluated. As fruits ripened, average weight of Zs increased from 4.8mg (Z1) to 50.7mg (Z5), while moisture contents decreased from 74.6% (Z1) to 55.2% (Z5). Crude fat contents of the fruits during ripening increased from 1% (Z1) to 10.6% (Z5). The major fatty acids in Zs were palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was a main fatty acid in Z1 and Z2, whereas oleic acid (C18:1) was found as a main one in the other Zs. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acids increased from 60% (Z1) to 80% (Z3~Z5) during ripening. Among ripening stages, Z4 had the highest contents of total fatty acids ($3,355{\mu}g/g$) and total unsaturated fatty acids ($2,753{\mu}g/g$). Forty six volatile compounds in Zs were also identified. The major volatile compounds were ${\alpha}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, ${\beta}-ocimene$, 2-nonanone, estragole, 2-undecanone, and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$. Major volatile components of Z1 were ${\beta}-ocimene$ (20.8 peak area %) and ${\alpha}-pinene$ (9.7 peak area %). In Z2, estragole (30.1 peak area %) was a main volatile compound, but the contents of ${\alpha}-pinene$ (0.4 peak area %), ${\beta}-myrcene$ (0.3 peak area %), and ${\beta}-ocimene$ (0.6 peak area %) were lower than those in Z1. Especially, estragole used as perfumes and as a food additive for flavor was drastically increased to 91.2 (Z3) and 92% (Z4) as fruits ripened.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.786-790
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• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze the physicochemical properties according to salting methods of eggplants exported mainly to Japan. Moisture contents of Chukyang and Shikibu were decreased after 3 days of salting regardless of salting methods. The decrease of moisture content in mixed treatment of rice husk and salt was higher than that of salt treatment after 7 days of salting. Ash contents of Chukyang and Shikibu were increased according to extended salting time regardless of salting methods. The Brix of Chukyang and Shikibu without salting were $4.0^{\circ}brix\;and\;5.0^{\circ}brix$, respectively, and were increased according to extended salting time regardless of kinds and salting methods. pH of Chukyang and Shikibu without salting were 6.04 and 6.00, respectively. Extended the salting time from 0 to 7 days did not result in a pH change. Reducing sugar contents of Chukyang and Shikibu were increased according to extended salting time, the increase of reducing sugar content in mixed treatment of rice husk and salt was higher than that of salt treatment during salting. Soluble protein contents of Chukyang and Shikibu without salting were 1.40 g and 1.85 g, respectively. Extended the salting time from 0 to 7 days resulted in gradual increase in soluble protein content of Chukyang and Shikibu.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find the reasonable plan for the restoration method through the practical repair of excavated costume. The minimal repair only without adding the physical force as far as possible after investigating the state of excavated costume has been progressed in case of excavated costume since it is already degraded and weak due to the characteristics of organic matter at the moment when it is excavated. Moreover, it has been restored as the following course; The restoration has been applied according to the state of excavated costume with the maximum stability by classifying items capable of being restored considering the fabric state of excavated costume. The drawn thread from the weak in strength and the refined thread of the Juasa(simple gauze) or the light degraded silk thread has been used in case of thread for restoration. The cotton fabrics has been used in the fabric of cellulose system, the Juasa or the silk has been used in the silk depending on the kind of fabric in connection with the support fabric, some parts have been dyed with Alnus firma fruit and the persimmon, has been repaired by using the dyed fabric with the clove for the purpose of mothproof-antibacterial treatment. The method to repair has been carried out by classifying according to the state of damage and the way of formation of costume. The needlework method suitable for the part and state of damage by using the basting, the broad-stitching, backstitch, the blind stitch and the hemming stitch in connection with the needlework method for restoration.