• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The management of frontal sinus fractures and frontal sinus outflow tract (=FSOT) injuries is controversial. Traditional treatments include frontal sinus obliteration with a variety of material grafts, which all employ complicated algorithms for treatment planning. A simplified algorithm aiming for frontal sinus ventilation, however, can be achieved through the advanced technology of image guided endoscopic surgery and instruments. The authors explain this simplified treatment algorithm of frontal sinus fractures. Methods: The authors reviewed articles on the management of frontal sinus fractures. Results: Complicated treatment planning algorithms of frontal sinus fractures aiming for obliteration were replaced with a simplified algorithm aiming for ventilation of the frontal sinus. Conclusion: The authors suggest that a simplified algorithm can replace the complicated algorithms in selective cases.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 스마트폰의 자이로센서를 이용하여 다양한 각도에서 촬영한 현실세계의 객체를 증강현실을 위한 자연 마커로 사용할 수 있도록 가상의 Frontal-View로 변환할 수 있는 알고리즘을 설계하고 구현하였다. 제안한 알고리즘은 pitch, roll, yaw 3축에 대한 회전행렬을 획득하여 대상 이미지에 대한 yaw의 기준점을 설정하였다. 그 후 대상 이미지가 바닥, 벽면, 천장 중 어느 면인지 판단하여 그에 대한 회전 행렬을 보정하였다. 마지막으로 자이로 센서 좌표계와 영상 좌표계 사이의 차이를 고려해 Frontal-View를 얻기 위한 호모그래피 행렬을 획득하여 투영변환을 통해 촬영 영상으로부터 Frontal-View를 획득할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 구현된 Frontal-View 변환 프로그램을 평가하기 위해 바닥, 벽면, 천장에 대해 주변 환경을 스마트폰 환경에서 촬영한 영상을 Frontal-View로 변환하도록 테스트를 한 결과 본 논문에서 설계 및 구현한 변환 알고리즘이 여러 각도에서 촬영한 영상을 정상적으로 Frontal-View로 변환하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Although there are many reports on the development of paranasal sinuses, few studies were performed with respect to the frontal sinus with 3D CT, especially in Korean children. In this study, we evaluated the normal development of frontal sinus in Korean children with 3D CT imaging. Methods: A total of 301 patients under the age of 20 were reviewed retrospectively. Maximal AP (anteroposterior) length, height and width were measured with the aid of computer device. The volume of frontal sinus was also evaluated. Results: At the age of more than 4, the pneumatization of frontal sinus was detected. Frontal sinus developed continuously and was observed in almost every children at the age of more than 17. The AP length, height, width and volume of frontal sinus were enlarged continuously until the age of 20. And the maximal growth of frontal sinus was observed at puberty. The width and volume of frontal sinus showed high correlation coefficient (r=0.8) relative to height or AP distance. Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful in the comprehension of normal development of frontal sinus in Korean children.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제38권
• /
• pp.37.1-37.5
• /
• 2016

Background: The dimensions and shape of the forehead determine the esthetics of the upper third of the face. Korean young people consider a broad and smooth, rounded forehead more attractive. As a result, frontal augmentation becomes more popular in patients with dentofacial deformities. Various surgical procedures and materials have been used in frontal augmentation surgery, with associated advantages and disadvantages. Silicone is a good candidate for frontal augmentation. The author presents two cases of esthetic frontal augmentation with a prefabricated silicone implant in female patients with dentofacial deformities. Case presentation: In case 1, a 24-year-old female patient underwent frontal augmentation surgery with simultaneous maxillomandibular and zygomatic osteotomies to correct facial asymmetry. A silicone implant was fabricated preoperatively using a positive template stone mold of her forehead. In case 2, a 23-year-old female patient underwent total facial contouring surgery including frontal augmentation for improved facial esthetics. A computed tomography (CT)-guided rapid prototype (RP) model was used to make the silicone implants. The operative procedure was safe and simple, and the silicone implants were reliable for a larger degree of frontal augmentation. Six months later, both patients had recovered from the surgery and were satisfied with their frontal shape and projection. Conclusions: Frontal augmentation with silicone implants can be an effective adjuvant strategy to improve facial esthetics in patients with a flat and narrow forehead who undergo orthognathic reconstruction or total facial contouring surgery.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.475-478
• /
• 2002

In zoological research, penetration of light has been reported of the frontal bones of fish, birds, and reptiles, suggesting the existence of physiologically direct photic routes to frontal lobes and/or deep parts of the brain. We studied the influences of frontal exposure to photodiode light on frontal alpha wave and peripheral NK cells. Repetitive exposure of the subject's forehead to a red light diode (660nm) significantly increased the effective amplitude of the frontal alpha waves (using a mean frequency with a range of +1.0 Hz), peripheral NK activity, and the level of CD57-CD16+. Frontal alpha wave activity and the level of CD57-CD16+ increased, suggesting the possibility of a non-invasive procedure for the activation of the frontal lobe and the increase of NK cells. This light is considered to penetrate the frontal bones of humans directly, and to act on the frontal lobe and/or other immunological regulatory centers in the brain, resulting in some neuro-immunological changes.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to construct the spring-mass models for the car-to-car offset frontal impact crash. The SISAME software was utilized to extract the spring-mass models using the data from the offset frontal crash test. The spring-mass model of the passenger car could effectively approximate the crash characteristics for the offset frontal barrier impact and the car-to-car offset frontal impact scenarios.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.22-29
• /
• 1999

전선역의 생물$\cdot$화학적 특성 및 영양역학구조를 밝히기 위하여 한국 남해안의 전선대 해역과 비전선대 해역에서 수온, 영양염, chlorophyll a와 동물플랑크톤을 조사, 분석하였다. 영양염은 비전선대 해역이 전선대 해역에 비해 높았으나, chlorophyll a는 전선대 해역에서 높았다. 특히, 전선의 중심지에서도 성층과 비성층의 분기점이 되는 수심 20m층에서 chlorophyll a가 가장 높았다. 그러나 전선의 중심지인 정점의 수심 20m층에서 영양염이 가장 낮았다. Chlorophyll a는 영양염과 모두 음의 상관성을 보였으며, 특히 $SiO_2^{-}-Si$와 가장 높은 음의 상관성을 보석, 전선대에서 영양염 농도가 낮은 것은 chlorophyll a생산에 사용되었기 때문이라 판단된다. 동물플랑크톤 출현량은 전선대해역에서 비전선대해역 보다 월등히 높았으며, 특히 전선대 해역의 전선을 중심으로 한 연안에서 가장 높았다. 동물플랑크톤 중 copepods가 $90\%$ 내외의 높은 조성률을 보이나, 전선의 중심지에서 copepods는 약 $60\%$의 조성률을 보인반면 siphonophores와 euphausiids가 높은 조성률을 나타내었다. Copepods는 비전선대 해역에서는 chlorophyll a와 높은 상관성을 보인반면, 전선대 해역에서는 포식자인 siphonophores와 높은 상관성을 보였다. 따라서 copepods 출현량은 전선대 해역에서는 top-down조절을 받고 있으며, 비전선대 해역에서는 bottom-up조절을 받는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.353-359
• /
• 2000

Objective : The fracture on the frontal bone in head-injured patients may be commonly encountered in the clinical situations. Biomechanical studies demonstrate that the anterior wall of the frontal sinus is intermediate in its ability to resist fracture on direct impact. If the frontal sinus is large and the anterior table is able to disperse the force of the impact over a greater area, the posterior table and intracranial contents usually can be spared. We analyzed the clinical features of the patients who presented with frontal skull fracture due to frontal blows. Patients and Methods : From January, 1992 to December, 1997, 172 patients with frontal skull fracture were selected among 1911 patients with head injury who were admitted to department of neurosurgery. Clinical records and radiological studies of all patients were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively. Results : The neurobehavioral changes was seen in 34 cases(19.8%) and showed statistical significances in case of facial bone fractures, acute subdural hematoma(SDH), and positive frontal lobe releasing sign(p<0.05). The good glasgow outcome score group(GOS, good recovery & moderate disability) at discharge was revealed in 77.3% of total patient population. The poor GOS group(severe disability & vegetative state & death) at discharge was revealed in 22.7%. The poor GOS group at discharge have statistical significances with acute epidural hematoma(EDH), traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage(t-IVH), traumatic intracranial lesion, poor initial glasgow coma scale(GCS) scores & Revised Trauma Score(RTS)(p<0.05). Conclusion : Because of their anatomical relationships and neurobehavioral patterns due to vulnerability of the frontal lobe, the frontal injury should be considered as complicated facial injuries. Therefore, these patients are more likely to have a cosmetic or neuropsychiatric problems.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2016

Fractures of frontal sinus account for 5%-12% of all fractures of facial skeleton. Inadequately treated frontal sinus injuries may result in malposition of sinus structures, as well as subsequent distortion of the overlying soft tissue. Such inappropriate treatment can result in aesthetic complaints (contour deformity) as well as medical complications (recurrent sinusitis, mucocele or mucopyocele, osteomyelitis of the frontal bone, meningitis, encephalitis, brain abscess or thrombosis of the cavernous sinus) with potentially fatal outcomes. Frontal contour deformity warrants surgical intervention. Although deformities should be corrected by the deficiency in tissue type, skin and soft tissue correction is considered better choice than bone surgery because of minimal invasiveness. Development of infection in the postoperative period requires all secondary operations to be delayed, pending the resolution of infectious symptoms. The anterior cranial fossa must be isolated from the nasal cavity to prevent infectious complications. Because most of the complications are related to infection, frontal sinus fractures require extensive surgical debridement and adequate restructuring of the anatomy. The authors suggest surgeons to be familiar with various methods of treatment available in the prevention and management of complications following frontal sinus fractures, which is helpful in making the proper decision for secondary frontal sinus fracture surgery.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2018

The dog frontal sinus may represent an alternative model dental implant research; its topographical resemblance to the maxillary sinus renders it a potentially favorable experimental environment. The aim of this study was thus to elucidate the anatomical configuration of the canine frontal sinus and histological characteristics, and to determine whether it could be a new canine experimental model for dental implant research. Twenty-four sides of canine frontal bones were harvested. The distance from the nasion to the emerging point of the lateral aspect of the canine frontal sinus was measured with the aid of Lucion software. The thicknesses of the canine frontal sinus wall were measured, and the two specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The mean distance from the nasion to the emerging point of the lateral aspect of the canine frontal sinus was 16.0 mm. The mean thicknesses of the canine frontal bone at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane were 2.3, 2.7, 3.2, 3.8, and 3.7 mm, respectively. The canine frontal sinus was lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. These data suggest that the canine frontal sinus is a suitable alternative to the canine maxillary sinus as a model for studying various sinus augmentation protocols.