• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

This research is studied changes of outdoor lavatories in use of detached houses in rural areas. Out of 40 houses studied in a 1995 survey, 23 houses were performed again in 2015. Number of lavatories installed in indoor and outdoor both in 1995 are more than in 2015. However, number of indoor lavatories in 2015 are more because outdoor lavatories were demolished. Among 23 houses, 15 outdoor lavatories have been installed in 13 houses. Out of these 15 lavatories, eight have been used continuously from 1995 through 2015. Currently four are used for other purposes, and five have demolished. Outdoor lavatories tend to be built in the rear of the housing site. Those located in rear tend to be demolished rather than in front side because of decreasing in use. In rural areas, outdoor lavatories not only serve as spaces to fulfill basic human needs, but are used to store agricultural tools. Changes of family composition and member also exert an influence. When family members were decreased, outdoor lavatories tended to be demolished. However, although family members were decreased, the reason that outdoor lavatories have been used continually is for exterior work or farming and temporarily increasing family members in holiday and family events. The more family members used, the more outdoor lavatories are managed well. The more houses where the aged reside in, the more outdoor lavatories are not improved.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2008

An high frequency induction hardening technology of vehicle body press-formed of thin sheet steel has been developed to increase the strength of vehicle body parts locally by high frequency induction heating, thereby eliminating the need for reinforcements. And this technique for increasing the tensile strength of sheet steel was practically applied to the front floor cross member and center pillar reinforcement of a passenger car. The side impact behavior has been investigated when induction hardening technology is applied to the conventional low-carbon steel and weight reduction of an automotive body is expected. In this paper, basic experiments were performed for the hat-shaped specimen under high frequency induction heating process. Martensitic transformation was found in the heating zone through microscopic observation which showed higher hardness. In addition, the hardness and strength of the center-pillar specimen made of boron steel increased remarkably by high frequency induction heating.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.526-531
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• 2011

A dash panel component, close to passengers, plays a very important role to protect heat and noise from a power train. Meanwhile, it is also a main path that transfers vibration energy and eventually radiates acoustic noise into the cavity. Therefore, it seems important to provide an optimal design scheme incorporating sound packages such as dash isolation pad and carpet, as well as structures. The present study is the extension of the previous investigation how design variables affect sound radiation, which was carried out using the simple plate and framed system. The system taken into account in this paper is a dash panel component of a sedan, which includes A pillar, front side member, dash panel and the corresponding sound packages. Design variables such as panel thickness and sound package layers are investigated how they are related for the better radiation performance (i.e. structure-borne) and sound transmission loss (i.e. air borne).

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2018

The production of the automotive parts with the ultra high strength steel usually involves large amount of springback as well as fracture during the cold stamping process. Variable blank holding force(VBHF) can be used as one of the effective process parameters to reduce the springback amount with achieving better condition of formability. In this paper, VBHF with respect to the punch stroke is applied to the stamping process of the front side rear lower member for reducing the springback amount. From the analyses with constant blank holding force(CBHF), 24 kinds of VBHF conditions are utilized to investigate the springback tendency. It is noted that springback can be effectively reduced when BHF is increased near the bottom dead center because VBHF provides the tensile force to the blank with an adequate level of deformation without fracture.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2019

The vehicle market has developed environment-friendly vehicles to comply with fuel economy regulations and exhaust regulations that have become stricter and stricter over time. Many studies have been conducted to improve the travel performance and fuel economy of environment-friendly vehicles, and vehicle manufacturers have been studying how to manufacture light-weight vehicles in order to improve the fuel economy of both existing vehicles and the newer environment-friendly vehicles. Exemplary light-weight vehicle technologies optimizes the design of the vehicle body structure, which is a vehicle weight-reducing method that modifies component shapes or layouts to optimize the structure of the vehicle. In addition, the new process technology uses new light-weight and very strong materials, and not typical materials, to manufacture light-weight vehicles. This study aims at the optimal design of vehicle body structures using multi-materials for the Fender-Apron, which is an important frame member for the external front side of a vehicle body, by conducting FEA (Finite Element Analysis) and multi-material bonding.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

본 연구는 우리나라 게임물 등급 제도의 변천을 알아보고, IARC 게임물 등급 심의 시대에 맞아 문제점과 개선방안을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. IARC는 국제등급분류연합으로, 전세계 6개 기구 37개국이 가입되어 있다. 또한, IARC는 참여 스토어 프론트에게 게임 등급 심의의 자율권을 부여하고 있다. 우리나라의 게임물 심의 방법은 등급분류제도에 의한 직접 심의와 IARC 자체등급분류제도에 의한 위임 심의로 진행되고 있다. 게임물 등급 제도의 문제점으로 민간이 주체가 된다는 점과 설문지에 의존한다는 점, 자체등급분류제도에 의한 부작용을 들 수 있다. 게임물 등급 제도 개선 방안으로 IARC 가이드라인을 구축하는 것, 게임 개발자에 대한 페널티 및 등급 심의에 대한 교육, 참여 프론트 스토어 관리를 제안할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 오픈마켓에게 등급 심의 권한을 위임하는 것은 위험할 수 있어, 정부와 업계, 게임 개발자, 이용자, 미성년 게이머의 부모들을 포함한 등급 심의 토론의 장을 구성하여, IARC 기준을 활용하여 우리나라의 현실에 맞는 게임물 등급 제도를 만들어나가야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

The strength properties of wooden retaining wall which was made with pitch pine were evaluated. Wooden retaining wall was made with diameter 90 mm of pitch pine round posts treated with CUAZ-2 (Copper Azole). The length of the front stretcher of the retaining wall was 3,000 mm. The distance between the headers (the notched member) is 1,000 mm in center and is 900 mm in side. There were connections every 2,000 mm because actually the length of stretcher is limited in the retaining wall. The strength test was carried out according to connection type because the section between stretchers can act as a defect. A result of the strength test according to connection type confirms that connection does not act as defect because the strength of retaining wall in single stretcher is similar to that in the section between stretchers. The strength test of the wooden retaining wall was carried out in 5 types according to the condition of the base section. When the upper soil pressure was 9.8 kN/$m^2$, the maximum load of the retaining wall fixing the front foundation shows higher values than those of others. But the total deformation is lower in the retaining wall not to fix a base section than in that to fix a base section. It is thought that the retaining wall not to fix a base section shows low value because the deformation is distributed throughout the retaining wall and it is confirmed that the soil pressure affects supporting the structure because the deformation of the retaining wall under low pressure is 3~4 fold higher than those of others. The failure mode of the retaining wall is the overturning type because the high section is deformed. Mostly, the failure mode is the separation of the header in the notched section.