• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1990

Aebaegeum has been widely used in the treatment of epistaxis, as based on Oriental Medical 1iteratures. In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Aebaegeum, hemostatic time, plasma recalcification time and prothrombin time of hypoprothrombinemia induced by warfarin injection, action on isolated ileum, action on blood vessel, action on blood pressure and respiration and action on heart were observed. The result of the studies were obtained as follows: 1. Hemostatic time of vein ruptured mice was significantly shortened. 2. Plasma recalification time and prothrombin time of hypoprothrombinemic rats induced by warfarin injection were significantly shortened. 3. Spontaneous mobilities in the isolated ileum of mice were significantly suppressed, and contraction by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride were inhibited. 4. Dilatation of blood vessel and downing of blood pressure of rabbit were noted. 5. Contraction of heart in the original position and isolated heart of frog were significantly shortened. According to the above result, it is expected that Aebaegeum can be widely applicable to the treatment of epistaxis.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1982

The effects of erythrosine on motility of frog heart, rabbit duodenum and uterus isolated, and on mice intestinal motility and voluntary activity were investigated. The effect of erythrosine $2.3{\times}10^{-5}M$ on isolated frog heart showed a slight decrease of the amplitude of motility, and the heart motility stopped in $3.5{\times}10^{-4}M$. With the administration of erythrosine $3.4{\times}10^{-4}M$, the isolated rabbit duodenum showed a remarkable contraction and this effect was inhibited by atropine $1.4{\times}10^{-7}M$. The administration of erythrosine $2.3{\times}10^{-3}M$, produced a contractile effect on the isolated rabbit uterus, and the motility of $6.9{\times}10^{-3}M$ started to increase in contractions at first and finally stopped, keeping in continuous contractions. The effects of erythrosine 0.5, 1.0, 10, and 20mg/kg on mice intestinal motility were not significantly different from this of the normal control. With 20 and 40mg/kg of erythrosine, the effects on voluntary activity showed the decrease of 21 and 58% respectively, and voluntary activity of the mice pretreated with erythrosine 20 and 40mg/kg, induced by C. N. B. 30mg/kg showed the decrease of 57 and 78% respectively in contrast with the normal control group.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1986

본 실험실에서는 민간요법으로 말라리아와 성병등의 치료제로 사용되어온 회양목(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai)에서 steroid성 alkaloid인 cyclobuxine D와 nonalkaloid인 buxuletin을 분리하였다. Buxuletin의 가토에 있어서 이뇨작용에 대해서는 본 실험실에서 보고한바 있으며 cyclobuxine D의 약리작용에 대한 보고는 지금까지 전무한 상태이다. 본 실험에서는 새로운 항부정맥 약물의 밭견의 일환으로 cyclobuxine D의 적출 개구리 심장에 대한 작용과 마취시킨 흰쥐의 ECG와 심박동수에 대한 작용을 관찰하였다. Cyclobuxine D는 적출 개구리 심장에 대해 용량의존적 심근 수축력 감소를 나타냈으며 흰쥐에 있어서 현저한 심박동수 감소를 나타냈다. Cyclobuxine D는 흰쥐의 ECG에 있어서 PR interval과 P ${\alpha}T$ interval을 연장시키며, QRS complex와 PR interval의 심박동수에 대한 보상치인 PRc에 대해서는 고용량에서는 연장시키나 그 작용이 현저하지 않다. 이 결과로 보아 cyclobuxine D는 흰쥐의 ECG에서 A-V conduction과 ventricular depolarization에 주로 관여하는 것으로 사료 되며 이는 기존의 antiarrhythmic drugs과 비교해 볼 때 quinidine sulfate와 유사성이 있다고 추정된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1970

Decursin, decursinol and nodakenin which were isolated from the root of Angelica gigas $N_{AKAI}$ (Umbelliferae) that is used as a botanical drug Dang-Gui (當歸) in Korea show following general pharmacologic activities. Decursin and decursinol increased the motility of the excised duodenum of the rabbit, but nodakenin did not. All of these three compounds depressed the heart contraction of the frog and blood pressure of the carotid artery and respiration of the rabbit. Decursin increased uterus contraction of the rabbit, but decursinol depressed it. And the tonus of the muscle of the earth worm was increased by decursinol, but was decreased by decursin.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.34-44
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• 1986

본 실험실에서는 한국 특산인 매자나무 (Berberis koreana Palibin)의 뿌리에서 majarine(isoquinoline alkaloid)을 분리하여 여러 가지의 약리작용을 검토한 바 있다. 현재는 majarine의 화학적 구조를 변화시켜 그 유도체의 약리작용을 검색하고 있으며, 그 중 majarine의 isoquinoline ring에 치환되어 있는 두 methoxy group 중 하나를 hydroxy기로 치환된 majarol을 합성하였다. Majarol을 흰쥐 정맥내로 투여하여 혈압 및 심박동수의 변화와 epinephrine, phentolamine, isoproterenol, propranolol, atropine, diphenhydramine과 hexamethonium 등에 대한 약물 상호작용을 관찰하였으며 또 적출 개구리 심장에 대한 작용을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. Majarine을 저용량(0.5-2 mg/kg)에서 용량의존적으로 현저하고 일시적인 혈압 강하와 약간의 심박동수 감소를 나타냈으며, 고용량(>5mg/kg)에서는 이차적으로 지속적인 혈압강하와 심박동수 감소를 나타냈다. 일시적인 혈압강하작용은 atropine sulfate, diphenhydramine과 hexamethonium에 의해 억제되지 않았고, epinephrine의 혈압 상승작용은 majarol의 전처치로 현저하게 차단되었으며, majarol 투여시 나타나는 지속적인 혈압 강하는 심박동수 감소에 수반되어 나타났고 이는 propranolol에 의해 억제되지 않았으며, isoproterenol의 positive chronotropic effect는 majarol 전처치로 차단되지 않았다. majarol은 저용량에서 적출개구리 심장의 수축기 장력을 증가시켰으며 고용량에서는 개구리 적출심장에 대해 억제적으로 작용하였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 majarol의 일시적이고 현저한 혈압강하작용은 ${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor 차단작용에 의한 것으로 사료되고, 이차적으로 나타나는 지속적인 혈압강하작용은 심박동수의 감소와 동시에 나타나는 것으로 보아 심장에 대한 작용인 것으로 추정되며, majarol의 심장에 대한 작용을 ${\beta}$-adrenoceptor에 대한 작용보다는 심근에 대한 직접적인 작용인 것으로 추정된다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 1987

Woohwangchungsim-Won has been widely used for the treatment of appoplexy, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, insomnia and cerebrovascular accident, etc in oriental hospital and pharmacy. In order to investigate the efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-Won, the water extract of it were bioassayed for isolated ileum, blood vessels, blood pressure, heart and diuresis. The results of this studies were as follows; Spontaneous motilities of isolated ileum of mice were strongly suppressed, and contraction of isolated ileum of mice and guinea-pigs induced by acetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine were inhibited. Vaso-dilating action due to vascular smooth muscle relaxation in frogs and rabbits, and hypotensive action in anesthetized rabbits were noted. Negative inotropic action on the isolated frog heart and diuretic effect in rabbits were shown.

• 생약학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 1986

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Taeksa-Tang that was prescribed to cure the severe dizziness, the water extract of Taeksa-Tang was experimented about the effects on the diuretic action, the serum lipid, the isolated ileum and heart, the blood vessel, the blood pressure and respiration. The results of this study were obtained as follows: The diuretic action was significantly shown in rabbits. The level of total cholesterol, triglyceride and phopholipid in serum of rabbits given high cholesterol diet were significantly decreased. The contraction of the isolated ileum of mice induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride was remarkably inhibited. The vasodilating and hypotensive actions were noted in rabbits. Negative inotropic action on the isolated frog heart was recognized.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1980

Chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA) has been used as a gallstone dissolving agent since 1972. Recently, ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) has been reported to be effective in dissolving gallstones. Both bile acids increased bile flow. The increase in bile flow associated with an increase in cholesterol level in bile after CDCA or UDCA infusion was reported. In this study, using the smooth muscle strips of guinea pig and fowl, responses of the cholates were observed. In addition, the influence of adrenergic blocking agents on the response of the strips to cholates was investigated. Also the effects of cholates on cardiac function were examined by using isolated atria of rabbit and heart of anesthetized frog. The results are as follows: 1) All cholates, such as UDCA, CDCA, and CA produced a marked inhibitory effect on the motility in isolated duodenal strip of guinea pig and fowl, however, only UDCA showed the contraction in the isolated esophagus of fowl. These effects of cholates were blocked by propranolol. 2) In isolated guinea pig stomach strip and gall bladder, cholates exhibited a marked inhibitory effect on the motility and the effects due to UDCA and CA were blocked by phenoxybenzamine while CDCA was not affected. 3) The spontaneous and ouabain induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. However, concomitant administration of cholates with ouabain or epinephrine caused a marked prolongation in occurrence of atrial arrhythmia in comparison with ouabain or epinephrine alone in isolated rabbit atria. 4) In the heart of anesthetized frog, the epinephrine-induced arrhythmia was partially abolished by cholates. The combined treatment with cholates and ouabain or epinephrine produced a marked prolongation in occurrence of the arrhythmia in comparison with, ouabain or epinephrine alone. From the above results, it can be suggested that the effects of cholates on the smooth muscle of duodenum and esophagus are produced in response to adrenergic ${\beta}$-receptor and the effect or gall bladder and stomach is more likely due to the direct effect on the muscle. In addition, cholates exhibit a slight antiarrhythmic effect on heart, therefore, cholates can be classified as a nonselective antiarrhythmic drug, such as propranolol.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1975

From the study of movements of $Ca^{++}$ in frog cardiac muscle, Niedergerke (1963) postulated that $Ca^{++}$ necessary for the cardiac contraction is stored in a specific pool. Langer et al (1967) and DeCaro (1967) also found a close relationship between the change of $Ca^{++}$ flux kinetics and the change of contractile force. According to the studies of several investigators, Ca II (Bailey and Dressel 1968) or phase I and II (Langer 1965, Langer et al 1967, 1971) in the $Ca^{++}$ washout curve was associated with cardiac contractility. This investigation was aimed to elucidate the anatomical region of the contractile active $Ca^{++}$ pool. At the same time, it was assumed in this study that $Ca^{++}$ in the sarcoplasmic reticulumn represents one of the major intracellular $Ca^{++}$ pool and cardiac contractility was also dependent on the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ concentration. Consequently, this experiment was performed at different temperatures to activate to activate inhibit the deactivating process of activated $Ca^{++}$ in the intracellular space to see if changes in the contractility decay curve existed at different temperatures. The isolated hearts of rabbits and turtles (Amyda maackii) were attached to the perfusion apparatus according to the method employed by Bailey and Dressel (1968). The isolated hearts were initally perfused with a full Ringer solution containing 2 mg/ml of inulin for 1 hr, and then $Ca^{++}$ and inulin-free Ringer solution was perfused while the isometric tension was recorded and a serial sample of perfusion fluid dripping from the cardiac apex was collected for 10 sec throughout experimental period. The above procedure was performed at $23^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$ on the rabbit heart and $10{\sim}13^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ on the turtle heart. After determination of $Ca^{++}$ and inulin concentration of the samples, the $Ca^{++}$, inulin washout curve and the contractile tensin decay curve were analysed according to the method of Riggs (1963). The results were summarized as follows; 1. In the rabbit heart, there are 2 inulin compartments, 3 $Ca^{++}$ compartments and sing1e exponential decay of contractile tension. In the turtle heart, there are $1{\sim}2$ inulin compartments, $1{\sim}2$ $Ca^{++}$ compartments and $1{\sim}2$ phases of contractile tension decay. The fact that the inulin space was divided into 3 compartments in the washout curve in these hearts indicates the presence of heterogeneity in cardiac perfusion, i.e., overfused and underperfused area. 2. Ca I a9d Ca II in these hearts were found to have $Ca^{++}$ in the ECF compartments because their half times in the washout curves were far smaller than those of the inulin washout curves in the rabbit heart and similar to those of the inulin washout curves in the turtle heart. Ca III in the rabbit heart may have originated from the intracellular $Ca^{++}$ store. But no Ca III in the turtle heart was found. This may be due to the fact that the iutracellular $Ca^{++}$ pool in the turtle heart was too small to detect using this experimental procedure since sarcoplasmic reticulumn in the turtle heart is poorly developed. 3. In the rabbit heart, there were no chages in the half time of Ca I, Ca II, inulin I and inulin II at different temperatures, but the half time of Ca III was significantly prolonged at lower temperatures, and the half time of the contractile tension decay tended to be prolonged at lower temperatures but this was not significant. In the turtle heart, there were no changes in the half time of Ca I, Ca II, inulin 1, inulin II and phase I of the contractile tension decay at different temperatures, but the half time of phase II of the contractile tension decay was significantly prolonged at lower temperatures. This finding indicates that intracellu!ar $Ca^{++}$ in these hearts was also responsible particulary for maintaining the cardiac contractility at the lower temperatures. 4. The half times of contractile tension decay were shorter than those of Ca II in the $Ca^{++}$ washout curves in both animal hearts. According to the above results it was shown that $Ca^{++}$ in ECF is primarily and $Ca^{++}$ in the intracellular space is partially associated with the cardic contractility.