• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

Recently, LPG has been considered as more environmental friendly fuel than liquid fuels for vehicles. However because LPLi engine has the strong point that not only increases the volumetric efficiency and cold startability, but also decreases unburned hydrocarbon exhaust emission in warm-up condition, much attention has moved to development of the Liquid Phase LPG injection (LPLi) system from the mixer type LPG engine. To reduce exhaust NOx, this study investigated the effect of EGR with LPLi engine and determined optimized EGR feeding position and distribution. In addition, engine stability, performance, and exhaust emission level were evaluated.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.16-19
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• 2017

For the economical and environmental-friendly fabrication of polisher, Mo mask layer were sputtered on glass substrate instead of Cr mask material. Mo mask layers were sputtered by pulsed-DC sputtering and Photoresist patterns were formed on Mo mask layer for different develop times and optimized. After Mo mask layer were patterned and exposed glass was wet etched by HF solution for different etching times, the remaining Mo mask was stripped by using Al etchant. Develop time of 30 sec and HF wet etching time of 3 min were selected as optimized process condition and applied to the fabrication of polisher.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is propose eco-friendly remodeling while protecting the living environment of existing residents and preserving the living in pleasant by considering the characteristic of high density sloped residential area. And then, the optimum insulation condition is analyzed based on the energy efficiency, economic analysis and environmental effect. It will be possible as the basic information for remodeling of each housing in sloped area. The energy demanding, cost and the carbon emission reduction is analyzed with the residential area in Seo-gu, Busan by eco-remodelling.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.677-682
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• 2001

Catalytic combustion is the environmental-friendly technology, which has been applied to a variety of areas for industrial and domestic use in recent years. Accordingly, this study performed the development of the catalytic manufacturing technology for the high temperature and of the catalytic combustor in priority, which were aimed to be applied to a commercialized boiler. Paliadium(Pd) of a noble metal was used as a catalyst for the high temperature and supported on alumina($Al_[2}O_{3}$) and zirconia($ZrO_{2}$) in constant weight ratio. Activity of Pd catalysts is compared and analyzed in the catalytic combustion of natural gas. The ratio of $Pd/Al_{2}O_{3}=4$ was found to be better than any other weight ratios in activity and durability. The performance examination of catalysts and of combustion through the plate-type combustor made it possible to be developed the cylindrical-type combustor which has increased combustion area. Catalytic combustion boiler of 25,000 kcal/hr class was also developed, which had the optimum combustion condition at the nozzle of 5.95mm and the orifice of 21mm. This condition was determined through the performance experiments of catalytic combustion boiler to which the cylindrical-type catalytic combustor was applied.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 2009

Recently, eco-friendly processing has been focused in the textile industry in order to reduce environmental pollutions. Applications of enzyme technology to the textile industry are an example of more environmentally compatible processes. However, there is not enough quantity of referring to denim fabric subjected to enzymatic treatment. In this study, depending on pH, temperature, cellulase concentration, and treatment time, the weight loss of denim fabrics was examined. Characteristics of enzyme-treated fabrics were measured by tearing strength, stiffness, and K/S values. The effect of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) on characteristics of the enzyme-treated fabrics was evaluated. The cellulase treatment condition on the cotton fabric were optimized to pH 6.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 1%(o.w.f.), and 60minutes. Characteristics of denim fabrics by cellulase treatment in the presence of Triton X-100 did not improve because Triton-X inhibited the activity of enzyme.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.175-182
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Road sectors contribute approximately 16 % of total GHG emission rates in South Korea. Engineers and experts expend significant efforts to identify countermeasures for the reduction of carbon emission. This study aims to determine how total carbon emission rates change depending on whether or not there is speed limit enforcement. METHODS : In this study, Lamm's travel speed profile theory is first adopted to select the hazard road, which sections are designated as speed limit enforcement. Second, Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) was used to simulate the carbon emission on the road. RESULTS : The total carbon emission rate under speed limit enforcement was 10,773 g higher than the condition without speed limit enforcement in the designated road. This might affect acceleration, which can lead to increased emissions. CONCLUSIONS : There would be no researches about proving the relationship how speed limit enforcement has an effect on carbon emission. The result of our study can provide valuable guidelines regarding road safety and eco-friendly roads.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.949-952
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• 2010

The utilization of LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is increasing as an environmental-friendly fuel in all countries making green growth new paradigm, and use of gas is spread fast as motor fuels to decrease air pollution. Loss of lives by explosion and fire is happening every year as gas use increases, and gas accident in large scale storage property is causing serious problems socially. To minimize this problem, underground containment type storage tank is being presented as an alternative recently. In this study, to minimize explosion occurrence in underground containment type storage tank, the suitable storage tank is designed to consider explosion prevention that makes exposure surface area minimize in confined contents volume and flame to construct storage tank by the most suitable condition in the underground containment room. As a result of the design of storage tank having the most suitable condition by this research, underground containment space was minimized on diameter 3m, length 4.83m in 20 tons storage tank and its safety was improved as exposure surface area in flame decreased by 89.4%, compared with the existent storage tank.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate purchasing variables in the organic food consumption level in Busan. To achieve this purpose, 240 residential women who are organic food consumers were chosen. Among them, 149 women took part in the study. The questionnaire was composed of three parts: 8 demographic characteristics, 9 organic food purchasing conditions, and 22 purchasing variables. The research was continued from August 20th until September 10th, 2007. To derive the results, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and ANOVA were used by spss 14.0. To sum up the results, three organic food consumption groups were classified into high, middle, and low consumption levels depending on buying condition for organic material. For the factor analysis, 5 factors were named as confidence, quality, safety, appearance, and economy. On the high consumption level, economy factor was highly important than other groups. In general, price would be a more sensitive factor, so they answered the adjusted price range; 52 participants said under 10%, 22 between 11% and 20%, and 17 over 40%.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.474-479
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• 2007

The innovation city, which meets the best innovation condition to cooperate with the public institution and the industry-university-researcher closely and the good environment of housing, education, health and culture, was promoted to make the local city characteristic and independent. The plan to make the locally independent base have to consider the economical condition, the quality of life and the sustainable development. First of all The balanced city-planning is demanded to build friendly environmental and sustainable city. energy-efficient buildings shuld be designed to deal with the energy and environment problem. So we analyze the energy demand plan and the method to introduce the renewable energy system. As a result, the reduction ratio of the energy demand are greatly imbalanced between innovation cities. and only the Gwang-ju Jeon-nam innovation city is planed to apply the renewable energy to 5% of total energy demand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.4_2
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• pp.467-474
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• 2021

The renewable energy is known as eco-friendly energy to reduce the use of fossil fuel and decrease the environmental pollution due to exhaust gas. Targets of solar collector in domestic are usually acquisitions of hot water and hot air. System of air-heating collector is one of the technologies for obtaining hot air in cases of especially heating room and drying agricultural product. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of thermal flow such as relative pressure, velocity, outlet temperature and buoyancy effect in air-heating collector using solar heat. The flow field of air-heating collector was simulated using ANSYS-CFX program and the behaviour of hot air was evaluated with SST turbulence model. As the results, The streamline in air-heating collector showed several circular shapes in case of condition of buoyancy. Temperature difference in cross section of outlet of air-heating collector did not almost show in cases of buoyancy and small inlet velocity. Furthermore merit of air-heating collector was not observed in cases of inlet velocities. Even though it was useful to select condition of buoyancy for obtaining high temperature, however, it was confirmed that the trade off between high temperature of room and rapid injection of hot air to room could be needed through this numerical analysis.