• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2002

This paper reports on the effect of fuel additive friction modifier on the engine friction and fuel consumption. The test of engine friction and fuel consumption is performed for the each oils and fuels. The TFA4724 friction modifier is added in test oil and fuel. The test results show that total engine friction is a decrease of 0.7-2.0% compared with base fuel, and fuel consumption is improved by 0.3%. The amount of friction reduction corresponds to that of boundary friction loss term in ring-pack friction losses. From the results, it is thought that the additive friction modifier in the fuel is effective to reduce the boundary friction in ring-pack.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.501-506
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• 2018

With the recent remarkable improvements in the average speeds of contemporary trains, a necessity has arisen for the development of new friction modifiers to improve adhesion characteristics at the wheel-rail interface. The friction modifier must be designed to reduce slippage or sliding of the trains' wheels on the rails under conditions of rapid acceleration or braking without excessive rolling contact wear. In this study, a novel composite material consisting of metal, ceramic, and polymer is proposed as a friction modifier to improve adhesion between wheels and rails. A blend of Al-6Cu-0.5Mg metallic powder, $Al_2O_3$ ceramic powder, and Bakelite-based polymer in various weight-fractions is hot-pressed at $150^{\circ}C$ to form a bulk composite material. Variation in the adhesion coefficient is evaluated using a high-speed wheel-rail friction tester, with and without application of the composite friction modifier, under both dry and wet conditions. The effect of varying the weighting fractions of metal and ceramic friction powders is detailed in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.797-802
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• 1997

The use of carbon materials in mechanical components such as bearings, seals, and bushings that do not require lubricants is increasing rapidly. This paper reports on establishing the optimal condition for resin-bonded carbon materials. We fixed the content ratio of materials, which include graphite powder and diatomite as a lubricant modifier and a friction modifier, respectably, with resin used as a bonding material. We then produced bushings using hot-pressing within the temperature range of resin curing. The properties of bushing, the friction coefficient, wear rate and the mechanical strengths are discussed in relation to the content of respective materials, with correlation of friction coefficient and sliding distance. Finally, we examined the friction coefficient changes according to the applied load on bushing and the friction coefficient changes according to contact speed of bushing.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.spc1
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• pp.437-443
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• 2005

Controlling the friction between wheel and rail is direct and very effective measures to improve the curving performances of railway trucks, because the curving performances depend much on friction characteristics. Authors have proposed a method, 'friction control', which utilizes friction modifier ($KELTRACK^{TM}$ HPF) with onboard spraying system. With the method, not only friction coefficient, but also friction characteristics can be controlled as expected. In this study, MBD simulation is very valuable tool to foresee the effect of the control in advance of experiment with real car. And the creep characteristics of wheel/rail contact with the friction modifier takes very important role in the simulation. In this paper, authors propose a theoretical model of wheel/rail contact condition considering the creep characteristics of friction modifier, which is derived the application of principle tribological theories.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the correlation between the lubrication characteristics of an engine and its fuel economy. Improving the lubrication characteristics of the engine oil is one of the most efficient ways to improve a car's fuel economy. The methods to accomplish this include lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver. In addition, it is necessary to use different methods to reduce the friction to individual lubrication areas, because different lubrication regimes are used for different engine parts. The experimental investigation in this study is based on design of experiments ; this paper presents the results of a modified Sequence VID test, which is an ASTM standard test used to measure the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of passenger cars. The results demonstrate the effects of the following lubrication factors on the fuel economy : the low temperature cranking viscosity, high-temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity, friction modifier, polymer type and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver. Moreover, this study involves an analysis of variance based on design of experiments. The test results show that the HTHS viscosity, friction modifier and shear stability index of the viscosity index improver are more effective than the other factors. Therefore, lowering the viscosity, adding a friction modifier and optimizing the shear stability index of a viscosity index improver should be considered to improve fuel economy.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

To resolve environmental problem of waste tire and asbestos and also to capitalize the wastes, we developed a new kind of friction material using scrap tire, potassium hexatitanate, filler, and friction modifier in which rubber made a continuous phase. The material containing 5, 20, 10, 20phr of potassium hexatitanate, phenol, friction modifier, $BaSO_4$, respectively showed good friction properties, high and stable coefficient or friction, and low wear rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.46-54
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• 1993

In order to develop a fuel-efficient gasoline engine oil, an experimental study was conducted using an engine dynamometer, a passenger car and the SRV machine. Oil samples with different viscosity were prepared by adding several friction modifiers to select the best one and also to investigate the effect of the viscosity grade. From the study, we have developed engine oils which result in good fuel economy. The viscosity grade of 7.5W/30 was best among the oils investigated with respect to fuel economy and a fatty amine type friction modifier had the good fuel-economy property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.155-161
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• 2000

To improve the vehicle fuel economy, various technologies such as improvement of power train efficiency, use of light weight material, improvement of aerodynamic design, have been studied. One of the possible way to improve the vehicle fuel economy is to reduce the engine friction loss by improving the engine oil characteristics. In the present paper, it was examined the effect of the engine oil viscosity and the addition of friction modifier to engine oil on vehicle fuel economy improvements. Moreover, the effect of engine oil degradation on vehicle fuel economy was examined with two gasoline vehicles and one diesel vehicle by using the fuel economy test facility.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.2159-2164
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• 2002

This paper reports on the effects of additional factors on the engine friction characteristics. The total friction loss of engine is composed of pumping and mechanical friction loss. The pumping loss was calculated from the cylinder pressure, and the mechanical friction loss was measured by strip-down method under the motoring condition. The various parameters were tested. The engine friction loss was much affected by oil and coolant temperature. The low viscosity oil was very effective to reduce the friction loss, and friction modifier was very useful to reduce the friction loss at lower engine speed. The engine friction loss was varied with engine running time because of surface roughness decreasing and oil degradation. To prevent oil-churning effect, it was very important to maintain the proper oil level. The presented results will be very useful to understand friction characteristics of engine.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2023

Asphalt pavements are generally composed of fine and coarse aggregates, bitumen, and modifier. Asphalt pavement wear particles (APWPs) are produced by friction between the road surface and the tire tread, and they flow into the environment such as rivers and oceans. Model APWPs were prepared and a single APWP of 212-500 (S-APWP) and 500-1000 ㎛ (L-APWP) was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to investigate inhomogeneity in the compositions of the APWPs. The reference TGA thermogram was built using thermograms of the raw materials and formulation of the model asphalt pavement. The compositions of the APWPs were different from each other. Ash contents of the APWPs were lower than expected. Inhomogeneity in the total contents of bitumen and modifier was more severe than that in the other components. The inhomogeneity of the S-APWPs was more severe than that of the L-APWPs.