• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.484-489
• /
• 2004

Objective : In order to study the effects of Herba ChelidoniiㆍClematis Florida ThunbㆍChaenomelis Fructus complex herbal acupuncture on anti-inflammation and liver in rats with arthritis induced Freund's complete adjuvant. Method : We performed several experimental items : that is edema value, numbers of WBC. total protein, total bilirrubin, SGOT, SGPT. Result: The change in the right plantar edema shows that Control group was reduced by 0% but, ST group ,Sample A group and Sample B group were reduced by 287.2%, 343.0%, 272.5% respectively. In the WBC count, ST group, Sample A group, Sample B group showed a decrease with statistical significance as compared with control group. In the total protein, Sample B group showed a decrease with statistical significance as compared with control group. In the total bilirrubin, SGOT, SGPT, None showed noxious variation with statistical significance as compared with control group. Conclusion : As a result of this experiment, it is concluded that Herba ChelidoniiㆍClematis Florida ThunbㆍChaenomelis Fructus complex herbal acupuncture showed that therapeutic effect of anti-inflammation in adjuvant arthritis and non-toxic effect of liver.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.446-450
• /
• 2004

Objectives: In order to study the effects of Harpagophyti Radix in rats with arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant. Methods : In this study, rats with arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant were divided into four groups; Normal, Control, Sample A(Harpagophyti Radix 6mg/200g) and Sample B(Harpagophyti Radix 12mg/200g). After 1 week, separated searches were made on the change of edema rate, the count of WBC, the quantity of total protein, total bilirubin, GOT and GPT in the serum. Results: In the right plantar edema, both of Sample groups showed a decrease in comparison with Control group. In the count of WBC, the quantity of serum total protein and SGOT, Sample B showed a decrease with statistical significance in comparison with Control group. In the quantity of serum total bilirubin and SGPT, both of Sample groups did not show any harmful change in in comparison with Control group. Conclusion : Reviewing these experimental results, it appeared that Harpagophyti Radix showed the therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatation on adjuvant arthritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.176-188
• /
• 2002

Objective : Sono-acupoint (SA) therapy is a new therapeutic technique that combined with acupuncture points, herbal medicine and ultrasound therapy. This study was carried out to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of sono-acupoint therapy. Methods : We performed the tail-flick test with normal rats to examine the tail-flick latency (TFL), and the Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model to examine the edema, skin temperature and serum concentration of c-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor (RF). Herbal SA (HSA) treatment was performed at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) with the hanbang-gel made of several selected herbal drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats (male, $250{\pm}30g$). General SA (GSA) treatment was performed at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) with the gel used in ultrasound therapy. In arthritis rat model, Freund's adjuvant (50mg/ml) was injected in dorsal part of right foot, and these treatments were performed after 15 days. Results : TFL was lengthened after SA treatments. Skin temperature and RF concentration that were the evidence of arthritis in rats were decreased by HSA treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion : These results indicate that HSA has the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rats, and further developments will produce the advance of this new therapeutic skill.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.335-338
• /
• 2009

Aerial parts of Sida rhombifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) were extracted successively using various solvents and screened for various parameters of antiarthritic activity such as adjuvant-induced arthritis, motor performance, and histopathological study. The ethanol and the aqueous extracts showed potent activity; further these extracts were fractionated by using column chromatography. The fraction ET1 isolated from ethanol extract showed the most potent antiarthritic activity.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.115-131
• /
• 2008

실험목적 : 빈소산은 11가지 생약으로 구성된 복합 한약 처방으로 관절염을 포함한 다양한 염증성 질환의 치료제로 사용되어 왔으나, 관절염에 대한 직접적인 효력평가는 찾아 보기 힘들다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 빈소산 추출물이 Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)로 유발된 rat 류마티스성 관절염에 미치는 치료 효과를 dexamethasone (15mg/kg, 복강 투여) 의 효과와 비교 평가하였다. 실험방법 : 류마티스성 관절염은 FCA (10mg in 1ml paraffin oil 0.1ml/rats)를 좌측 후지에 피내 투여하여 유발하였다. 실험동물은 Wistar 랫트를 사용하였고, FCA 투여 14일 후 유사한 무릎관절 둘레를 나타내는 류마티스성 관절염 유발 rat와 정상 rat 및 실험군을 그룹당 9마리씩 나누었다. 실험동물은 100 또는 200mg/kg의 빈소산 추출물을 FCA 투여 14일 후부터 14일간 경구 투여하였으며, dexamethasone은 15mg/kg 농도로 복강 투여한 다음, 희생하여, 체중, 연골내 collagen 함량 및 chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate 및 hyaluronic acid와 같은 뼈내 glycosaminoglycan 함량의 변화를 각각 관찰하였다. 실험결과는 항염 효과가 이미 입증되어 있는 dexamethasone 15mg/kg 복강 투여군과 비교하였다. 결과 : FCA 투여는 현저한 체중, 연골내 collagen 함량 및 chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate 및 hyaluronic acid와 같은 뼈내 glycosaminoglycan 함량의 감소와 함께 유발 관절 둘레 및 조직내 prostaglandin $E_2$의 증가와 같은 전형적인 류마티스성 염증을 초래하였으나, 이러한 류마티스성 관절염 소견은 dexamethasone 및 모든 용량의 빈소산 추출물 투여에 의해 현저히 억제되었으며, 특히 빈소산 투여군에서는 투여 용량 의존적인 감소가 인정되었다. 결론 : 이상에서 빈소산 추출물은 투여 용량 의존적인 prostaglandin $E_2$ 억제를 매개하여 FCA 유발 류마티스성 관절염에 대한 치료 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었다. 따라서 새로운 관절염에 대한 치료제로서 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 한편 빈소산 추출물은 주로 prostaglandin $E_2$ 억제작용에 의해 항염 효과를 나타내는 것으로 관찰되었으나, 금후 다른 작용기전에 대한 연구와 빈소산의 구성성분 중 유효 성분 규명을 위한 실험이 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.235.3-236
• /
• 2000

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2008

목적 : 만성 염증성 질환에 대한 전침효과를 알아보기 위해 complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) 유발 관절염 모델의 거퇴 관절 내 염증관련 단백질 및 복합당질의 변화를 살펴보았다. 방법 : Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐의 족부에 CFA를 주사한 다음 3일 간격으로 2Hz, 15Hz 및 120Hz 전침자극을 주며 부종 형성여부를 plethysmometer로 측정하여 판정하였으며 30일째 거퇴관절을 취하여 4% paraformaldehyde에 고정하고 EDTA용액에서 탈회시켜 파라핀연속 절편을 얻어 $NF-{\kappa}B$를 비롯한 5종의 염증관련 단백질의 발현 및 복합당질 변화를 살펴보았다. 결과 : 관절연골 내 면역반응 중 연골기질은 반응이 없거나 약하고 연골세포는 $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$, $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, iNOS 반응이 강하며 특히 유리연골층에서 더 현저하였으나 염증 및 전침자극에 따른 변화는 없었다. 관절낭에서 면역반응을 살펴보면 염증유발시 활액세포의 면역반응세포는 $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$가 감소한 반면 iNOS, $IL-1{\beta}$는 증가하며 특히 iNOS 증가가 현저하였으며 전침자극에 의해 iNOS 가 감소하였다. 활액막조직에서 모든 면역반응이 증가하며 특히 $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$, $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, iNOS 반응이 현저한데 전침자극에 의해 $IL-1{\beta}$를 제외한 모든 반응이 감소하였다. 복합당질 염색성은 CFA를 주사한 염증유발 흰쥐군이 정상군에 비해 감소하였다. 관절연골 중 구역간질의 중성복합당질 및 연골세포피막의 산성복합당질이 현저히 감소하였다 Lectin반응도 DBA을 제외한 모든 발현이 염증유발시 감소하였다. 그러나 전침처리에 의해 정상군과 유사한 염색성과 lectin반응을 유지하였다. 특히 구역간질의 중성복합당질과 연골세포의 sWGA와 RCA-1 반응이 현저하였다. 결론 : 만성 염증성 동물모델의 거퇴 관절 내 염증관련 단백질은 관절연골보다 관절낭에서, 복합당질의 변화는 관절연골에서 큰 변화를 보였으며 전침의 자극에 의해 이들 변화가 억제되는 것을 알 수 있다. 이상의 결과로 보아 전침처치는 염증관련 단백질 발현 및 복합당질의 변화 억제를 통해 만성 관절염 질환에 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2006

Mast cells (MCs) are granulated cells that play a pivotal role in allergic reaction and inflammation. The granules of mast cells are known to be rich in zinc (Zn). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. We injected $200{\mu}L$ of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) subcutaneously in the dorsal aspect of one hindpaw Finally, zinc selenium autometallography(AMG) was done by Danscher's method. The present study showed the ultrastructures of zinc-containing mast cells found in inflammatory area following an complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) inoculation into the rat hindpaw. At light microscopic level, mast cells were round or oval, at average $12{\mu}m$ in diameter, with many filopodia extending from the cell surface. Because the rather small and spherical nucleus was centrally placed; it was frequently obscured by the cytoplasmic granules, it sometimes could not be seen. Mast cells were distributed chiefly in the vicinity of small blood vessels. In most preparation many mast cells were ruptured and their granules escaped into the surrounding tissue. In electron micrographs, The secretory granules were at average $0.5{\mu}m$ in diameter and were limited by a membrane. The cell surface contained numerous microvilli and folds. Their interior was heterogenous in appearance. The nucleus was surrounded by large numbers of prominent vesicels and a well developed Golgi apparatus, but scant endoplasmic reticulum.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The present study aimed to examine the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture(EA) applied to the brook point of the Liver meridian in the rat model of inflammatory pain and to investigate involvement of endogenouse opioid in the EA-induced analgesia. Methods : Knee arthritis was induced by injection of $125{\mu}l$ of complete Freund's adjuvant into the knee joint cavity unilaterally. To examine the level of pain, weight bearing forces(WBFs) of affected limb was measured. EA treatment was given at the LR2, LI4 or non-acupoint on the contralateral limb with frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 2 mA under gaseous anesthesia. Results : After induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected hindlimb due to a painful knee. EA applied to the LR2 point on the contralateral hind limb produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the hind limb lasting for at least 2 h, and this effect was equivalent to that obtained by 5 mg/kg of oral indomethacin. The effect of EA was specific to the acupoint since it could not be mimicked by EA applied to the LI4 point or the arbitrary non-acupoint. The analgesic effect was blocked by pretreatment with naltrexone(10 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture applied to LR2, brook point of Liver meridian suppresses inflammatory pain in a rat model of knee arthritis and this effect seems to be mediated by endogenous opioid systems.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.223-230
• /
• 2002

Vitamin D is one of important factors involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. In osteoporosis, the therapeutic effect of vitamin D on the healing process has still been controversial. To confirm the effects of $1{\alpha},\;25\;Dihydroxyvitamin\;D_3$ on the osteoporosis, the change of bone mineral density and the histologic changes of osteoporotic femur were examined comparatively in normal control group (positive control), CFA control group (negative control), CFA+$1{\alpha}$, 25 dihydroxyvitamin $D_{3}\;0.01{\mu}g/kg$ group (Vit $D_{3}L$) and CFA+$1{\alpha}$, 25 dihydroxyvitamin $D_{3}\;0.1{\mu}g/kg$ group (Vit $D_{3}H$) after osteoporosis was induced by single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. The value of bone mineral density and bone mineral content of femur was increased in both Vit $D_{3}L$ and Vit $D_{3}H$ than CFA control, and the increase rate of that was higher in Vit $D_{3}H$ than Vit $D_{3}L$. In CFA control, the size of the bone marrow cavities significantly increased and the width from the bone marrow cavity and cortex significantly decreased than normal control. In Vit $D_{3}H$ and Vit $D_{3}L$, the increase rate of the size of bone marrow cavity and the decrease rate of the width from the bone marrow cavity and cortex was depressed than CFA control. These results suggest that $1{\alpha},\;25\;Dihydroxyvitamin\;D_3$ has therapeutic effect on adjuvant-induced osteoporosis in rats.