• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.145-145
• /
• 2019

Groundwater and rainwater are the only sources of freshwater in small islands as many islands lack surface water sources. Groundwater occurring in the form of freshwater lens floating on denser seawater is highly dependent on natural recharge from rainfall. A sharp interface numerical model for regional and well scale modeling is selected to assess the sustainability of freshwater lens in the island of Tongatapu. In this study, 29 downscaled General Circulation Model(GCM) predictions are input to the recharge model based on water balance modelling. Three GCM predictions which represent wet, dry and medium conditions are selected for use in the groundwater flow model. Total freshwater volume and number of saltwater intruded wells are simulated under various climate scenarios with GCM predicted rainfall pattern, sea level rise and pumping. Simulations indicate that the sustainability of the freshwater lens is threatened by the frequent droughts which are predicted under all scenarios of recharge. The natural depletion of the lens during droughts and increase in water demands, leads to saltwater upconing under the pumping wells. Implementation of drought management measures is of utmost importance to ensure sustainability of freshwater lens in future.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.182-182
• /
• 2017

Many small island nations rely on groundwater as their only other source of freshwater in addition to rainwater harvesting. The volume of groundwater resource of small island nations are further limited by their smaller surface area and specific hydrogeology. The rapid growth of population and tourism has led to increasing water demands and pollution of available groundwater resources. The predicted climate change effects pose significant threats to the already vulnerable freshwater lens of small islands in the form of rise in sea level, coastal inundation, saltwater intrusion, varied pattern of precipitation leading to droughts and storm surges. The effects of climate change are further aggravated by manmade stresses like increased pumping. Thus small island water resources are highly threatened under the effects of climate change. But due to the limited technical and financial capacity most of the small island developing states were unable to conduct detailed technical investigations on the effects of climate change on their water resources. In this study, we investigate how well small island countries are preparing for climate change. The current state of freshwater resources, impacts of predicted climate change along with adaptation and management strategies planned and implemented by small island countries are reviewed. Proper assessment and management practices can aid in sustaining the groundwater resources of small islands under climate change.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제26권3B호
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2006

해안지역의 지하수 개발 및 관리를 위하여 해안지하수 최적모델이 개발되었다. 최적모델은 해안지하수 흐름 모델과 최적화 기법으로 구성된다. 본 논문은 최적모델의 중요 구성요소인 경계면 수치모델을 검정하는 것이 목적이다. 염수체 위에 담수체가 부양하는 현상인 담수렌즈를 실험하기 위하여 실험실 수리모형이 제작되었다. 담수-염수 경계면 위치와 관정에서의 염분 농도의 실험 결과 값들이 수치모델의 결과 값들과 비교되었다. 경계면의 위치는 평균 상대오차율은 2.91%~4.39%로써 결과 값들이 잘 일치하였다. 관정에서의 염분 농도에 대한 비교 결과 또한 적절한 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 경계면 수치모델에 의한 해안지하수 흐름 거동 평가는 적절한 결과 값을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.324-327
• /
• 2012

Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba that causes human infections, and recently the incidence of amoebic keratitis has increased among contact lens wearers. In order to investigate Acanthamoeba contamination of contact lens storage cases, a short survey was performed on 57 contact lens wearers, and Acanthamoeba was found in one contact lens storage case. To diagnose Acanthamoeba, the 18s small subunit ribosomal DNA (18s rDNA) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and subsequently, the isolate was identified as A. lugdunensis. This species was originally isolated from a freshwater pool in France, and was reported recently to be a cause of amoebic keratitis. This observation indicates the need for a large survey to investigate the extent of Acanthamoeba contamination, and suggests that contact lens wearers be aware of the importance of hygiene and of the implications of Acanthamoeba infection.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.145-145
• /
• 2018

Small islands rely heavily on groundwater resources in addition to rainwater as the source of freshwater since surface water bodies are often absent. The groundwater resources are vulnerable to sea level rise, coastal flooding, saltwater intrusion, irregular pattern of precipitation resulting in long droughts and flash floods. Increase in population increases the demand for the limited groundwater resources, thus aggravating the problem. In this study, the effects of climate change on Tongatapu Island, Kingdom of Tonga, a small island in Pacific Ocean, are investigated using a sharp interface transient groundwater flow model. Twenty nine downscaled General Circulation Model(GCM) predictions are input to a water balance model to estimate the groundwater recharge. The temporal variation in recharge is predicted over the period of 2010 to 2099. A set of GCM models are selected to represent the ensemble of 29 models based on cumulative recharge at the end of the century. This set of GCM model predictions are then used to simulate a total of six climate scenarios, three each (2010-2039, 2040-2069, and 2070-2099) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The impacts of predicted climate change on groundwater resources is evaluated in terms of freshwater volume changes and saltwater ratios in pumping wells compared to present conditions. Though the cumulative recharge at the end of the century indicates a wetter climate compared to the present conditions the large variability in rainfall pattern results in frequent periods of groundwater drought leading to saltwater intrusion in pumping wells. Thus for sustaining the limited groundwater resources in small islands, implementation of timely assessment and management practices are of utmost importance.

• 지질공학
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 해안지역 대수층에서 담수와 해수의 흐름을 개략적으로 모의하는 경계면(sharp-interface)모델이 관정규모의 지하수 흐름 문제에도 적용될 수 있는 지 조사하였다. 해안 지역에서 지하수를 개발할 때 고려해야하는 중요한 인자 중의 하나는 해수침투이다. 관정규모의 지하수흐름 문제에서 해수침투 여부를 평가하기 위해서는 양수관정의 염분도를 모의할 수 있어야한다. 경계면 모델의 양수관정 염도 모의 능력을 검증하기 위하여 소규모 모래상자 수리모형실험을 수행하고 경계면모델의 모의능력을 평가하였다. 여러 가지 실험에서 측정된 관정의 염분도는 0%에서 12%의 범위를 보였으며 모의된 염분도는 측정치를 잘 나타내었다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.218-223
• /
• 2017

한국산 담수어류 버들붕어의 눈을 관찰하고 시각을 담당하는 망막의 시각세포 구조를 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 조사하였다. 버들붕어는 구형의 수정체를 보유하고 있었으며, 각막은 노란색으로 확인하였다. 눈은 $3.5{\pm}0.2mm$의 크기였으며 두장/안경비는 $31.1{\pm}5.0$으로 비교적 큰 눈을 가지고 있었다. 버들붕어의 망막은 $158.2{\pm}10.6{\mu}m$의 두께였으며 시각세포층에는 간상세포 ($57.3{\pm}1.3$), 동형 이중원추세포($33.9{\pm}3.7$) 및 단일원추세포($27.8{\pm}1.6$)로 구성되어 있었으며 횡단면을 확인한 결과 정방형의 모자이크 모델을 보유하고 있었다. 모든 시각세포는 내절과 외절의 구분이 뚜렷하였으며 간상세포가 원추세포보다 더 길어 원추세포들의 외절과 외절사이에 간상세포의 내절이 존재하였다. 간상세포의 외절은 망막 색소상피층 아래까지 신장되어 있었다. 전자현미경을 통해 미세구조를 확인한 결과 원추세포와 간상세포 모두 내절과 외절을 연결하는 배상극이 관찰되었으며 간상세포 및 동형 이중원추세포의 형태가 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 시각세포의 횡단면을 관찰한 결과 짧은 단일원추세포를 기준으로 상하좌우에 동형 이중원추세포가 정방형 배열을 하고 있었다.