• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.638-646
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• 2014

The effects of two levels (1.4 vs 2.8%) of fresh garlic on lipid oxidation and microbial growth in pork patties were evaluated. Hunter color (L, a, b), pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), oxidative volatile compounds, total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae in the pork patties with or without fresh garlic were measured during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Addition of fresh garlic decreased redness (a), while increased pH and yellowness (b) values of the fresh pork patties were observed, regardless of the levels added. The TBARS values of the pork patties were increased with the addition of fresh garlic (p<0.05). Similar results were observed in oxidative volatile compounds. A total of 13 volatile compounds were detected in the patties (5 sulfur-containing compounds, including allyl mercaptan, allyl methyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide, methyl-(E)-propenyl-disulfide, and diallyl disulfide, and the 8 other oxidative compounds, including 1-pentanol, hexanal, 1-hexanol, heptanal, (E)-2-heptenal, 1-octen-3-ol, (E)-2-octenal and nonanal). Fresh garlic accelerated development of oxidative products in the pork patties, especially hexanal and the total oxidative volatile compounds. However, the addition of 1.4 and 2.8% of fresh garlic inhibited the growth of total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae, indicating low total bacterial counts and Enterobacteriaceae than the controls.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2015

Fresh pork belly is a highly popular meat in South Korea, accounting for 59 % of the approximately 100 g of meat per capita that is consumed daily. Fresh pork belly offers not only high-quality protein from the lean cuts but also substantial micronutrients including fat-soluble vitamins and minerals. However, fresh pork belly generally consists of about 30 % fat, with saturated fatty acids representing half of this value. Excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids increases total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides while decreasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, raising concerns about an increased risk of hyperlipidemia, followed by cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the consumption and production trends in South Korea, the general characteristics, and health issues related to fresh pork belly to delineate the features of pork production and consumer welfare.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.739-751
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• 2021

The thawing process is usually essential for imported pork because this product is typically distributed frozen. Consumers prefer fresh pork because discoloration, nutrient spills, and microbial contamination are high during the thawing process. The illegal act of selling frozen pork by disguising it as fresh pork through various methods can occur for the benefit of the difference in the sales price. However, there is some difficulty in securing systematic and objective data, as sensory tests are generally performed on imported pork. In the experiment conducted here, the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of pork neck and pork belly products were measured. The amounts of change before and after freezing were compared through a statistical analysis, and a new method for determining frozen meat was proposed based on the analysis results. The weight was reduced compared to that before freezing due to the outflow of drips from the thawing process, but there was no difference in the drip loss level due to the thawing method. Vacuum packaging was found to lead to more drip loss than regular packaging, but the difference was not statistically significant. Frozen pork neck meat can be determined by measuring the electrical conductivity in the lean parts and the dielectric characteristic in the fatty parts. Frozen pork belly is determined by measuring the dielectric constant of the part closest to the outer fat layer.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.215-219
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• 1988

신선돈육의 등심부위를 절단하여 2% 초산용액을 분무하고 $4^{\circ}C$의 냉장고에 보관하면서 무처리구와 경시적으로 미생물학적, 이화학적, 육색의 변화등을 검토하여 저장성 증대의 가능성을 검토하였다. 초산용액의 분무는 신선육표면에 존재하는 aerobic bacteria 및 coliform bactereia의 생육억제에 상당한 효과가 있었다. pH, 단백질변패도(YBN), 지방산패도(TBA)의 측정치는 초산처리구가 대체로 낮게 나와 초산용액이 돈육의 부패를 지연시킬수 없음을 나타내었으며 이들의 값은 미생물의 생육변화와 유사한 양상을 나타내었다. 육색의 변화는 초산용액처리 직후에는 무처리구 보다 검게 나왔으나 저장 2일째 이후부터는 초산용액 처리구가 선홍색쪽에 가까왔다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2012

This study investigated the effects of a low-voltage ohmic heating process (2.5 and 3.8 V/cm) on the thawing characteristics and NaCl diffusion of pork. The thawing rate of pork was dependent on the applied voltages and brine salinities, and few differences were obtained in pork quality parameters (color, water-holding capacity, and shear force) regarding the different treatments. The NaCl concentration of pork after ohmic thawing was higher than that following brine-immersion thawing, however, the NaCl diffusion did not differ from when fresh meat was immersed in brine. For application of the ohmic process in fresh pork, various ohmic pulses were generated in order to prevent the meat from overheating, and the results indicated that the ohmic process was a better way to enhance NaCl diffusion compared with immersing pork at high temperature. Although the mechanisms involved in NaCl diffusion at low-voltage electric field strength were unclear, the present study demonstrated that the ohmic process has a potential benefit in the application of meat processing.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the effect of multilayered fish oil (FO) emulsion without or with trans-cinnamal-dehyde on pork patties. Multilayered FO (-primary, -secondary, -tertiary) emulsions were prepared using a layer-by-layer deposition technique with Tween 20, chitosan, and low methoxyl pectin, and were added to pork patties at the same concentration. Pork patties were then stored for 20 d in a refrigerator ($5^{\circ}C$) to study changes in quality. The results showed that the pH value of all samples significantly decreased but cooking loss increased during storage (p<0.05). However, water-holding capacity and moisture content showed no remarkable difference between treatments and storage periods (p>0.05). All pork patties containing multilayered FO (treated samples) showed higher values for lightness and significantly lower values for yellowness compared to control pork patties (untreated sample). Lipid oxidation was higher in treated pork patties than in control pork patties during storage. In addition, lipid oxidation and total viable bacterial count in pork patties decreased as the number of coating layers increased. However, hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness of all samples showed no significant change during storage (p>0.05) as compared to fresh pork patties. Furthermore, these did not remarkable change with addition of trans-cinnamaldehyde in all pork patties. From our results, we suggest that FO emulsion did not affect the texture characteristics of fresh pork patties, indicating that it could be used to improve the quality of pork patties by contributing high-quality fat such as unsaturated fatty acids.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.794-805
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• 2018

To identify correlation between fresh meat and processed meat products, we performed canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to predict the relationship between pork supply and meat product production in Korea. Results of CCA showed a canonical correlation of 0.8576 in the first canonical pair (p<0.01). The production of meat products showed the highest correlation with pork import but the lowest correlation with the production of domestic pork. Although Korean consumer preferred meat products produced by fresh domestic pork, inexpensively imported pork with high share in meat products was supplied in the market. Therefore, securing domestically produced raw meat is important for expanding consumption of domestic meat products. Results of this study suggest that meat processor and pig producer can achieve the $6^{th}$ industrialization by combining the production of raw pork materials, meat processing, and sales service.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the minimum enrichment time for different types of food matrix (pork, beef, and fresh-cut lettuce) in an effort to improve Escherichia coli detection efficiency. Fresh pork (20 g), beef (20 g), and fresh-cut lettuce (20 g) were inoculated at 1, 2, and 3 Log CFU/g of Escherichia coli. Samples were enriched in filter bags for 3 or 5 h at $44.5^{\circ}C$, depending on sample type. E. coli cell counts in the samples were enriched in E. coli (EC) broth at 3 or 5 h. One milliliter of the enriched culture medium was used for DNA extraction, and PCR assays were performed using primers specific for uidA gene. To detect E. coli (uidA) in the samples, a 3-4 Log CFU/mL cell concentration was required. However, E. coli was detected at 1 Log CFU/g in fresh pork, beef, and fresh-cut lettuce after 5, 5, and 3-h enrichment, respectively. In conclusion, 5-h enrichment for fresh meats and 3-h enrichment for fresh-cut lettuce in EC broth at $44.5^{\circ}C$, and PCR analysis using uidA gene-specific primers were appropriate to detect E. coli rapidly in food samples.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2014

The purpose of the study was to investigate the quality characteristics and sensory properties of fresh and boiling pork shoulder at different feed ration of zeolite (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%). All of the dietary zeolite groups had significantly higher pH than the control; 0.5% zeolite (6.14) had the highest pH. Cooking loss was significantly higher in the control compared to other treatments; further, the loss, increased as the feed ratio of zeolite addition increased. The cooking loss of fresh pork shoulder fed with 0.5% zeolite (22.47%) was significantly lower than other treatments. The dissolution crude lipid of 0.5% zeolite was the lowest, but was not significant. In the Hunter's color value of fresh pork shoulder, the L and a values were significantly higher in 0.5% zeolite compared to other treatments, whereas the b value was significantly higher in 2.0% zeolite. In the Hunter's color value of boiling pork shoulder, the L and b values with 0.5% zeolite were significantly higher compared to other treatments; however, the a value was not significantly different between groups. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of fresh pork shoulder were significantly increased as the feed ration of zeolite increased. These properties, except for springiness in boiling pork shoulder were significantly increased as the feed ration of zeolite increased. Furthermore, sensory characteristics of color, taste, flavor, appearance and overall preference were significantly higher in boiling pork shoulder with 0.5% zeolite compared to other treatments. Also, texture preference, which was decreased as the feed ratio of zeolite increased, was higher in the control compared to other treatments. In conclusion, the quality characteristics and sensory properties of pork shoulder meat were enhanced with the dietary supplementation of zeolite.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 lactobacilli 의 처리에 의한 돈육(豚肉)의 저장성(貯藏性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 일반포장(一般包裝), 진공포장(塡空包裝), lactobacilli 를 처리한 일반포장(一般包裝), 진공포장법(塡空包裝法) 사용(使用)하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장(貯藏)하면서 미생물학적(微生物學的), 이화학적(理化學的) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Lactobacilli 의 처리효과(處理效果)는 일반포장(一般包裝), 진공포장(塡空包裝)의 경우 공(公)히 인정(認定)되었으며 lactobacilli 를 처리(處理)한 진공(塡空) 포장구(包裝區)가 저장성(貯藏性)이 가장 양호하였다. 2. 저장(貯藏) 기간중 lactobacilli 의 처리구(處理區)에 있어 lactobacilli 의 성장(成長)은 거의 관찰할 수 없었으며 육부패 미생물의 주종을 이루는 그람 음성균의 성장은 억제되었다. 3. pH, TBA, VBN 치(値)는 본(本) 실험(實驗)기간 동안 공히 부패(腐敗)를 판별할 수 있는 기준치에 미달하였다. 4. 각(各) 처리구별(處理區別) 최대(最大) 저장(貯藏) 가능(可能)기간은 일반포장구(一般包裝區) $12{\sim}15$ 진공(塡空) 포장구(包裝區)와 lactobacilli를 처리(處理)한 일반포장구(一般包裝區) $20{\sim}25$ 그리고 lactobacilli를 처리(處理)한 진공(塡空) 포장구(包裝區)가 $30{\sim}35$일로 추정되었다.