• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-237
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• 2019

There is a close interaction between the linguistic-syntactic representation system and the affective representation system that appear in the mathematical process. On the other hand, since the mathematical conceptual system is fundamentally metaphoric, the analysis of the mathematical concept structure through linguistic representation can help to identify the source of cognitive and affective obstacles that interfere with mathematics learning. In this study, we analyzed the problem-solving protocols of mathematical gifted children from the perspective of cognitive language and meta-affect to identify the relationship between the functional characteristics of the text and metaphor they use and the functional characteristics of meta-affect. As a result, the behavior of the cognitive and affective characteristics of mathematically gifted children differed according to the success of problem solving. In the case of unsuccessful problem-solving, the use of metaphor as an internal representation system was relatively more frequent than in the successful case. In addition, while the cognitive linguistic aspects of metaphors play an important role in problem-solving, meta-affective attributes are closely related to the external representation of metaphors.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

As more than 80 percent of tasks within corporations are performed through information systems, they have become large in scale and complicated, which make the range of the system users diverse and specialized. and as recent corporate strategies focus on the real-time environment in businesses, the organizational structure within companies tend to show frequent changes. In order to ensure the business continuity in this environment, the most important aspect is to prevent incompleteness of business by narrowing the gap of understanding of business process between the system users and the maintenance managers. In order to address this problem, this study suggests a modeling method that utilizes business scenarios reflecting actual business rules and procedures which ultimately transforms the optimized and standardized form of business scenarios into the actual software maintenance activities. This modeling method improves reusability and usability through the repeated feedback mechanism for modified software by leading to gradual fine-grained process. The feasibility of this is to be proven by applying the modeling method to the real business environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.632-637
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• 2019

The cable tray design of an offshore plant production design is to optimally arrange the 3D modeling so that the cable can be installed without interfering with the structural members and various outfit equipment, and it is performed using a PDMS (Plant design management system), which is a 3D CAD system for an offshore plant layout. This study reviewed the development of PML (Programmable macro language) for a PDMS supporting offshore plant cable tray design and examined the efficiency compared to the existing method. Cable tray design PML developed in this paper enables fully parametric design using electrical outfit template library, allowing a rapid response to frequent modifications due to design changes and minimizing repetitive work fatigue by reflecting the accumulated design experience. In addition, the developed system was applied to the offshore plant structure module and it improved the work efficiency by more than 50% compared to the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.260-277
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• 2018

The evolution of chromosome numbers and the karyotype structure is a prominent feature of plant genomes contributing to or at least accompanying plant diversification and eventually leading to speciation. Polyploidy, the multiplication of whole chromosome sets, is widespread and ploidy-level variation is frequent at all taxonomic levels, including species and populations, in angiosperms. Analyses of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels of 252 taxa of Korean non-commelinid monocots indicated that diploids (ca. 44%) and tetraploids (ca. 14%) prevail, with fewer triploids (ca. 6%), pentaploids (ca. 2%), and hexaploids (ca. 4%) being found. The range of genome sizes of the analyzed taxa (0.3-44.5 pg/1C) falls well within that reported in the Plant DNA C-values database (0.061-152.33 pg/1C). Analyses of karyotype features in angiosperm often involve, in addition to chromosome numbers and genome sizes, mapping of selected repetitive DNAs in chromosomes. All of these data when interpreted in a phylogenetic context allow for the addressing of evolutionary questions concerning the large-scale evolution of the genomes as well as the evolution of individual repeat types, especially ribosomal DNAs (5S and 35S rDNAs), and other tandem and dispersed repeats that can be identified in any plant genome at a relatively low cost using next-generation sequencing technologies. The present work investigates chromosome numbers (n or 2n), base chromosome numbers (x), ploidy levels, rDNA loci numbers, and genome size data to gain insight into the incidence, evolution and significance of polyploidy in Korean monocots.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.35-53
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• 2021

A field survey was carried out targeting 59 pine wilt disease control areas distributed in Andong, and the ecological characteristics of the areas affected by pine wilt disease were analyzed using vegetation information, ecological information, and land use information. Vegetation characteristics of Pine wilt disease affected forest area showed a 3-layer vegetation structure, high percentage of accidental occurrence species (37%) and secondary vegetation species (59.6%), appearing 12 taxa naturalized plants and 3 taxa ecosystem disturbance organisms designated by the Ministry of Environment. Ecological information of Pine wilt affected area showed frequent occurrence of water stress in south and west slopes, low lying grounds in mountains, and in well-drained soils. Also, surrounding the area has been used as roads, tombs, and cultivation where intensive human activities were the cause of disturbance and stress to the pine forest. It was analyzed that the pine forest in Andong city suffered extensive damage due to the onset of pine wilt disease while the pine trees were weakened due to continuous human activities. Conclusively, the spread and onset of pine wilt disease are worsened by artificial factors than natural environmental conditions.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.149-156
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• 2019

Recently, skyscraper building and apartment fires, which were rapidly spread out from a low floor to a rooftop, have become a frequent occurrence in mass media. This fire problems have a fatal disadvantage that the exterior wall finish of the building emits toxic gas in case of fire by using dry bit method or organic insulating material. Therefore, in order to remedy these problems, many exterior wall finishing construction methods have been proposed, but the current trend is to use existing construction methods due to problems such as economy, weight, and durability. On the other hand, in countries such as Germany and Japan, ceramic sidings are used as exterior finishing material for buildings, which is environmentally friendly, excellent natural beauty, long life, easy maintenance and high-quality exterior materials. However, those ceramic sidings have still the problems such as manufacturing cost and weight problem because of boosting the sintering temperature up to 1,350℃ or more. Also, conventional CRC, MgO, FRP sidings which are composed of pulp, glass fiber and organic materials, have been reports of deformation due to ultraviolet rays, discoloration, corrosion and scattering, surface rupture, lifting and peeling. Therefore, in this study as an alternative to solve this problem, halosite nano kaolin produced in Sancheong in Korea and frit flux were used to satisfy the required properties as ceramic siding using low temperature sintering (below 1,000℃) and lightweight materials such as pearlite. This study aims to design the optimal formulation and process of materials and to study the characteristics of nano-coated ceramic siding material development and to present relevant basic data. The findings show that ceramic siding for nanocoated building materials is excellent as a natural ceramic siding building material. The fire resistance of natural minerals and nano particle refining technology satisfy the bending strength of 80kgf / cm2, the volume ratio of 2.0 and the absorption rate of less than 10.0%.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2020

Objectives: This case report intended to examine how herbal medicine treatment for breathingrelated sleep disorders applied with polysomnography affected the structure of sleep. Methods: From January to November 2019, we retrospectively reviewed the progress records and polysomnography reports of patients who visited Korean medical hospitals in Daejeon and Cheonan. Results: In case 1, the patient complained of daytime sleepiness and snoring and was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea disorder and treated with Ukgan-san-gami. There were significant changes in the polysomnographic parameters, such as sleep efficiency, waking after sleep onset, sleep latency, the total arousal index, and the apnea-hypopnea index after herbal treatment. In case 2, the patient complained of frequent waking after sleep onset, daytime sleepiness, and snoring, and was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea disorder and treated with Yeoldahanso-tang-gami. There were significant changes in the polysomnographic parameters, such as the total arousal index and the apnea-hypopnea index after herbal treatment. In case 3, the patient complained of daytime sleepiness and was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea disorder and treated with Bangpungtongsung-san. There was no significant change in the polysomnographic parameters after herbal treatment. Conclusions: It is meaningful to note that objectively identifying the outcome of treatment for breathing-related sleep disorders is necessary in the clinical practice of Korean medicine.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

In MANET consisting of only mobile nodes, all nodes serve as routes. However, the dynamic topology due to frequent movement of nodes degrades routing performance and is also cause of many security vulnerabilities. Therefore, security must be applied to routing techniques that can influence the performance of MANET. In this paper, we propose a technique for efficiently responding to various routing attacks and safe data transmission through application of zone-key based security routing techniques. A zone-based network structure was used, and a management node that manages member nodes in each zone was used in the proposed technique. In addition, the damage from the attacking node was minimized by issuing a key to each node and applying this to a routing technique. The zone management node issues a key for encryption routing information and manages the issuance information. A member node that wants to transmit data encrypts routing in formation using a key issued from the zone management node, and then performs path discovery using this. The improved performance of the proposed technique was confirmed through a comparative experiment with the CBSR and ARNA technique, excellent performance was confirmed through experiments.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.10
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• 2022

Background: The equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a complex anatomical structure that makes diagnosis of TMJ disorders difficult. Computed tomography (CT) is now available in equine medicine; hence, TMJ evaluation has become more convenient. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to describe the CT features of the TMJ in Jeju horses and to compare these features with those of Thoroughbreds. Methods: In this report, the TMJs of 10 Jeju horses (mean age: 4.5 ± 1.9 yr; mean body weight: 282.6 ± 40.3 kg) and 6 Thoroughbreds (mean age: 7.3 ± 1.6 yr; mean body weight: 479.7 ± 44.0 kg) were examined using CT. After CT scanning, the Hounsfield units (HU) and height to width ratio (H:W) of the mandibular condyle were measured. Results: The mean H:W in Jeju horses was significantly lower than that in Thoroughbreds. The mean HU in Jeju horses was lower than that in Thoroughbreds; however, the difference was not significant. The most frequent CT finding was an irregular medial margin of the mandibular condyle in both breeds. Conclusions: In this study, the shape of the mandibular condyle in Jeju horses was flatter than that in Thoroughbreds. This report could be useful in evaluating the TMJ in Jeju horses. Moreover, CT could be a pragmatic choice for the examination of the TMJ in horses.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal morphology of mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted mandibular first molars were used in this study. The morphological examination of root canals was conducted in accordance with the Vertucci classification using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Any aberrant root canal configurations not included in the Vertucci classification were recorded, and their frequency was established using descriptive statistics. Intra-observer reliability was assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while inter-observer reliability was assessed using the Cohen kappa test. Significance was evaluated at the P<0.05 level. Results: The mesial roots of mandibular first molars had canal configurations of type I (15%), type II (7.5%), type III (25%), type IV (10%), type V (2.5%), type VI (7.5%), and type VII (7.5%). The images showed 10 (25%) additional configuration types that were not included in the Vertucci classification. These types were 1-3-2-3, 1-2-3-2-3, 2-3-1, 2-3, 1-2-3-1, 2-1-2-3, 3-2-1, 1-2-3-1, 2-3-2-3, and 1-2-1-2-1. The intra-observer differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05) and the kappa value for inter-observer agreement was found to be 0.957. Conclusion: Frequent variations were detected in mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Clinicians should take into consideration the complex structure of the root canal morphology before commencing root canal treatment procedures to prevent iatrogenic complications. Micro-CT was a highly suitable method to provide accurate 3-dimensional visualizations of root canal morphology.