• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

본 논문은 철강 제품의 제조 공정 중에 철강 표면에 불규칙하고 불균일하게 형성되는 스케일의 특성 분석에 관한 것이다. 고온에서 제작되는 철강 제품은 공기 중의 산소와 접촉하여 단 시간에 철산화물을 형성하게 된다. 이러한 철산화물을 스케일이라고 한다. 스케일은 철강 제품의 산화막 역할을 하여 제품 표면을 보호하는 역할도 하지만 불균일하게 현성된 스케일은 오히려 철강 제품의 외관을 해치게 되며 추가 공정 시에 적잖은 문제 거리가 된다. 산세공정을 통해 산(acid)으로 스케일을 제거하는 공정이 있지만 이 공정 또한 스케일의 특성 파악이 전제가 된지 않은 상태로 시행되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 공정을 위하여 스케일의 특성 파악에 대한 내용을 소개하며, 이에 전파가 이용된다. 전파를 이용하여 스케일의 분포, 접합 특성, 철강 코일의 스케일 분포 등을 연구할 수 있는 실험 장비를 소개한다. 또한 이론적 분석과 간단다한 시뮬레이션으로 통하여 이의 타당성을 입증한다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권4B호
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• pp.389-397
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 극치수문자료의 경향성 분석 개념을 소개하고 이를 빈도해석과 연계시켜 해석하는 방법론을 제시하고자 Gumbel 극치분포를 기반으로, 시간변화에 의한 수문빈도 특성 변화를 모의할 수 있는 Bayesian 모형을 구성하였다. 사후분포의 매개변수는 깁스표본법에 의한 Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation을 통해 추정하였으며, 이를 통해 경향성을 고려한 확률강우량과 불확실성 구간을 추정하였다. 또한 경향성을 고려한 확률강우량이 현재 알려진 확률강우량을 초과할 확률을 통해 동적 위험도 해석과정을 소개하였으며, 현재의 경향성에 대해서 시간에 따라 연속으로 추정된 확률밀도함수를 비교하여 수문학적 위험도가 증가할 수 있음을 모의결과를 통해 확인하였다. 이와 더불어 단순히 경향성의 존재여부를 확인하는데 그치지 않고 사후분포를 통해서 통계적 추론을 수행함으로써 경향성에 대한 통계학적인 유의성을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 1990

Turbulent characteristics of turbulent pulsating flows were studied experimentally in a square duct. Velocity waveforms, velocity profiles, and turbulent intensity of turbulent pulsating flow were investigated by using a hot-wire anemometer with data acquisition and a processing system in a square duct with a ratio of 1 ($40mm{\times}40mm$) to 4,000mm long. Turbulent components were shown to be larger in decelerating than in accelerating regions and also larger for a large phase of velocity and U'rms distribution of turbulent flow. The effect of velocity amplitude ratio does not exist for specified time [${\theta}(z^{\prime})$], amplitude ratio (${\mid}U^{\prime}_{rms.os.1}{\mid}/{\mid}U_{m.os.1}{\mid}$), and phase difference (${\Delta}U^{\prime}_{rms.os.1}-{\Delta}U_{m.os.1}$) in either turbulent oscillating or cross-sectional mean velocity components. The effect of dimensionless angular frequency for specified time [${\theta}(z^{\prime})$] can be disregarded because the dimensionless angular frequency does not affect the specified time. The velocity distributions of turbulent pulsating flows for various time-averaged Reynolds numbers are in approximate agreement with the velocity distributions for equivalent Reynolds numbers and 1/7th power law of steady flow.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.747-756
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• 1997

Wigner-Ville distribution which is a time-frequency analysis has a fatal drawback, when the signal has multiple components. This is the cross-talk and often causes a neagative value in the distribution. Wingner-Ville distriution is an expression of power, therefore the cross-talk must be avoided. Smoothing the Wigner-Ville distribution by convoluting it with a window, is most commonly used to reduce the cross-talk. There can be infinite number of distributions depending on the windows. But, the smoothing reduces resolution in time-frequency plane; this motives to design a more effective window in reducing cross-talk while remaining resolution. The domain in which the cross-talk and legitimate components can be easily distinguished, is the ambiguity function. In the ambiguity function domain, the legitimate components appear as linear lines passing through the orgine. But, the cross-talk is widely distributes in the ambiguity function plane. Based on the relative distributions of cross-talk and legitimate components, rotating window can be designed to minimize cross-talk. Applying the rotating window to the ambiguity function corresponds to smoothing the Wigner-Ville distribution. Therefore, the effects of rotating window is estimated in terms of the bias error due to smooting the Wigner-Ville distribution. By applying the rotating window, not only the Wigner-Ville distribution but also its properties are changed. The properties of the new distribution are checked, in order to complete analyzing the rotating window.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

In this paper, the optimal value of optical phase conjugator (OPC) position and the optimal values of dispersion coefficients of fiber sections for the best compensation of the distorted WDM signals with frequency chirp of -1 are induced to alternate with the symmetrical distributions of power and local dispersion with respect to OPC, which is difficult to form in real optical link due to fiber attenuation in mid-span spectral inversion (MSSI) technique. It is confirmed that the Q-factors of total channels of -18.5 dBm launching light power exceed 16.9 dB, which value corresponds to 10-12 BER, by applying the induced optimal parameter values into 16 channels ${\times}$ 40 Gbps WDM system, on the other hand the Q-factors of only 9 channels exceed that value in WDM system with the conventional MSSI technique. Thus, it is expected to expand the availability of OPC in WDM system through the using of the optimal parameter values that are induced by the proposed method in this paper, without the symmetrical distributions of power and local dispersion.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2004

This paper deals with the behaviors of magnetic flux density near down-conductors by lightning currents. The background on the principle of magnetic flux density measurements using the RL self-integrating magnetic field sensor was described. The magnetic flux density measuring device consisting of RL self-integrating magnetic field sensor and differential amplifier was designed and fabricated. The frequency bandwidth of the magnetic flux density measuring system ranges from 200 Hz to 300 KHz and the response sensitivity was 0.126 $\mu$T/㎷ The distributions of the magnetic flux density near down-conductors due to impulse currents with various rise times were analyzed as a parameter of the bonding conditions and materials of conductor and wiring conduits. The magnetic flux density due to impulse currents was inversely proportional to the distance between the down-conductor and measuring point. The amplitude of the magnetic flux density for PVC Pipe with down-conductor was 72 $\mu$T/㎷ at the distance of 1m and was higher than for steel conduits and coaxial cable. Finally the magnetic flux density is increased with increasing the di/dt it and oscillation frequency of lightning currents in this experimental ranges.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.537-537
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• 2015

In recent decades, the independence and identical distribution (iid) assumption for extreme events has been shown to be invalid in many cases because long-term climate variability resulting from phenomena such as the Pacific decadal variability and El Nino-Southern Oscillation may induce varying meteorological systems such as persistent wet years and dry years. Therefore, in the current study we propose a new parameter estimation method for probability distribution models to more accurately predict the magnitude of future extreme events when the iid assumption of probability distributions for large-scale climate variability is not adequate. The proposed parameter estimation is based on a metaheuristic approach and is derived from the objective function of the rth power probability-weighted sum of observations in increasing order. The combination of two distributions, gamma and generalized extreme value (GEV), was fitted to the GEV distribution in a simulation study. In addition, a case study examining the annual hourly maximum precipitation of all stations in South Korea was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The results of the simulation study and case study indicate that the proposed metaheuristic parameter estimation method is an effective alternative for accurately selecting the rth power when the iid assumption of extreme hydrometeorological events is not valid for large-scale climate variability. The maximum likelihood estimate is more accurate with a low mixing probability, and the probability-weighted moment method is a moderately effective option.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1992

Marx generator와 진공 다이오드, Bifilar helical wiggler, 인도자장 솔레노이드 등을 이용하여 마이크로파 영역의 자유전자 레이저를 설계 제작하였다. Bifilar helical wiggler의 자장분포를 분석하였고 공간전하의 수직성분 효ㅗ가를 고려하여 계산한 전자궤적 모의실험을 통하여 Wiggler자장이 전자빔 입사에 적합함을 확인하였다. Wiggler자장 300G, 인도자장 4.4kG, 전자빔 에너지 170keV일때 분산방정식에 의하여 계산된 출력 주파수는 약 11GHz였고 실험 결과 나타난 출력 주파수의 점위는 9.78GHz-11.7GHz로 추정되었다. 전자 속도의 축방향 퍼짐을 고려하여 이론적으로 이득을 계산하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.529-539
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• 2019

Current paper deals with thermoelastic static and free vibrational behaviors of axisymmetric thick cylinders reinforced with functionally graded (FG) randomly oriented graphene subjected to internal pressure and thermal gradient loads. The heat transfer and mechanical analyses of randomly oriented graphene-reinforced nanocomposite (GRNC) cylinders are facilitated by developing a weak form mesh-free method based on moving least squares (MLS) shape functions. Furthermore, in order to estimate the material properties of GRNC with temperature dependent components, a modified Halpin-Tsai model incorporated with two efficiency parameters is utilized. It is assumed that the distributions of graphene nano-sheets are uniform and FG along the radial direction of nanocomposite cylinders. By comparing with the exact result, the accuracy of the developed method is verified. Also, the convergence of the method is successfully confirmed. Then we investigated the effects of graphene distribution and volume fraction as well as thermo-mechanical boundary conditions on the temperature distribution, static response and natural frequency of the considered FG-GRNC thick cylinders. The results disclosed that graphene distribution has significant effects on the temperature and hoop stress distributions of FG-GRNC cylinders. However, the volume fraction of graphene has stronger effect on the natural frequencies of the considered thick cylinders than its distribution.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.397-403
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• 2000

In the present study, flow characteristics of turbulent pulsating flow in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct were experimentally investigated. Experimental studies for air flows were conducted to measure axial velocity and wall shear stress distributions and entrance length in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct by using the LDV with the data acquisition and the processing system. The experiment was conducted in seven sections from the inlet (${\phi}=0^{\circ}$) to the outlet (${\phi}=180^{\circ}$) at $30^{\circ}$ intervals of the duct. The results obtained from the experimentation were summarized as follows ; (1) When the ratio of velocity amplitude ($A_1$) was less than one, there was hardly any velocity change in the section except near the wall and any change in axial velocity distributions along the phase. When the ratio of velocity amplitude ($A_1$) was 0.6, the change rate of velocity was slow. (2) Wall shear stress distributions of turbulent pulsating flow were similar to those of turbulent steady flow. The value of the wall shear stress became minimum in the inner wall aid gradually increased toward the outer wall where it became maximum. (3) The entrance length of turbulent pulsating flow reached near the region of bend angle of $90^{\circ}$, like that of turbulent steady flow. The entrance length was changed by the dimensionless angular frequency (${\omega}^+$).