• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.61-66
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• 2011

The role of the Polytechnician as state engineer in the making of modern engineering science in France has been well known. This article articulates the role of the civilian engineers and the two engineering schools producing those civilian engineers in the making of typically French engineering tradition, particularly in mechanical engineering. The mechanical engineers from Ecoles des Arts et M$\acute{e}$tiers and Ecole Central des Arts et Manufactures played a significant roles in the making of modern engineering sciences through their contributions to the making engineering as a theoretical sciences and to the mediation of the technicians and the managers in mechanical engineering.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.145-163
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the necessity of research for increasing French language learners and to examine their use of listening strategies according to their proficiency as a basic study for their continuous learning and communication skills. In the case of French language Korean learners, both the beginner and intermediate learners used the upper cognitive strategy most frequently. However, the cognitive strategy, which has been mentioned as a frequently used strategy in previous studies, was found to be the least used in this study. This finding can be attributed to differences in mores and mastery of prior studies and research subjects. The cognitive strategy was lower in both the beginner and intermediate levels, but the level of use increased significantly in the intermediate level compared to the beginner level, showing only statistically significant differences in the usage patterns according to the proficiency level among the four listening strategies.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-144
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• 2005

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

This paper examines the birth of civil engineers in the United States. Unlike the advanced some European countries such as Great Britain or France, as a new nation America had to import high-tech technologies from them. In the process of transplantation she had mixed up the civil engineering of British style with French's. As a result, the training of the civil engineers in America had developed in various ways.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 2012

This research aims to demonstrate the sociocultural significance of architectural journals produced in the 1970s during which a fundamental reconsideration of architectural discipline has been made. To this end, we established a method of analysis adapted to the characteristics of architectural journals of that period. In this formulation, the relative autonomy of architectural journal with regard to various actors and institutions involved in its production emerged as a major criterion for the analysis of a journal. From this methodological reflection, we analyzed two French architectural journals, AMC published between 1973 and 1981 and l'Architecture d'Aujourd'hui between 1974 and 1977, which were produced both in close relation with parisian architectural schools (UPA) in the context of reestablishment of architectural education and beginning of architectural research in France after the events of May 1968. If these journals reflected and strengthened the architectural reality and especially the social network of their protagonists, it is equally important to note that they have transformed it into cultural network, and this by the mechanism proper to their preparation and their textual organization.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.283-314
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the diversity of French learning materials and suggest a learning method to increase the efficiency of learning. In the first part, we explore the linguistic characteristics of the proverb. In the second part, we present the examples that can be utilized in actual learning. In terms of teaching methods, sharing a common cultural consciousness is important for language and communication between interlocutors. In view of this point, the proverb has an extremely important value in the linguistic dimension. It means that the proverb can serve as a very useful material for the comparison of the morphology and phonetics of French. The efficiency of learning can be increased if we can apply an adequate learning plan using proverbs in accordance to the learner's level and the learning contents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1994

This study is carried out to develope parent education methodology by analysing "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" of France. To study this subject we approach by following three methodes. Firstly, we examined bibliographes to find out motivation of initiative caused from hystological and sociological circumstance. Secondly, to analyse chronological developement and modification of "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" we interviewed with three periods of persons : founder, developer and actually working animators. In addition, we riviewed three hundred eighty volumes of $\underline{{\acute{E}}cole\;des\;Parents}$, from first jurnals to october, 1993. Thirdly, this study were approached by participant observation in actual activities, and by analyse statstical records and subject of articals. In results, we noticed following caractors working in french parent education system. All the regional "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" are alined with "$F{\acute{E}}d{\acute{E}}ration$ Nationale des ${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents et des ${\acute{E}}ducateurs$"(F.N.E.PE.) in educational polish but activities and methodes of education are independant with F.N.E.P.E., and in most different regional "${\acute{E}}cole$ des Parents" focussed the educational programes to the middle class families in economic point of view. these programes adjust very rapidly systematicaly to social requirment due to successed intensive research. Mordern programs tend to contain all members of family in stead of targeting only maternal members. Methodes of education by lectures and speechs only to deliver information also replaced by discussion, forum and groop animation to induce self-correction. We propose that the systems of FNEPE can be ideal models to solve many actual problems facing in Korean parent education systemes.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.597-626
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• 2011

Civil college is a public educational institute for theoretical and practical learning. This study examines the social context behind France's civil college and how it is being operated. Many studies have been conducted in Korea to examine Germany in terms of lifelong learning or adult learning, but there is almost no study on France. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the history and operation of civil college, the "college outside college," in France and what Korea should learn from it. The civil college of France can be discussed in two contexts: first, it is AUPF, which stands for the French association of civil colleges, and it was mostly influenced by Northern Europe and Germany. Second, it is Caen Civil College, which was established by M. Onfray based his philosophical collaboration. The European civil college opened almost 1,000 courses in 2010-2011 for a variety of subjects, including Foreign Languages, Mother Tongue, the Dialects of Alsace, Philosophy, Cosmology, History, Art History, Psychology, Sociology, Astronomy, Botany, and Natural Science. Courses in Fine Arts include drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, music, and theater. For another form of civil college, Philosopher M. Onfray has been operating Caen Civil College since 2002 for general education and cultural education. It is not acknowledged by conventional philosophers, but it is contributing to the popularization of philosophy. In conclusion, the civil college in France has brought in-depth philosophical discussions out of the lecture rooms in an effort to popularize learning, making lifelong learning more accessible to the general public.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

Recently, interest in fencing is getting increased in Korea due to good results in international fencing competitions and its exposure to the media. However, one of the difficult factors in entering fencing is the cost of initial equipment purchases. Solving this can contribute to expanding the base of fencing. For this reason, this study designed and developed a system that can replace the function of the remote control with a mobile application using Bluetooth communication and learn the function of the fencing scoreboard and fencing terms in French. Through interviews, fencing leaders and club members were asked to find out what was necessary in this study, and to mention the pros and cons of the test operation. It is expected that the fencing scoreboard will be lightweight and small, and it will help to spread fencing through cost reduction.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-133
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• 2021

In 1882, after the French defeated Tonkin for the second time, the Nguyen Dynasty led by King Tự Đức 嗣德 appointed Phạm Thận Duật 范慎遹 and Nguyễn Thuật 阮述 as envoys to the Qing Dynasty to seek the Chinese's help to deal with the French invasion. The trip's information from 1883 such as the schedule, the content, the discussion, and the progress was specifically reflected in the two envoys' diaries, including "Notes of Voyage to Qing Dynasty in The First Year of Jianfu" 建福元年如清日程 (Phạm Thận Duật and Nguyễn Thuật), "Notes of Voyage to Tianjin" 往津日记(Nguyễn Thuật). This article presents the origin of these documents and their historical values in order to provide insights into the study of diplomatic relations between the Nguyen Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty in the late 19th century through the 1883 mission.