• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.177-199
• /
• 2015

Commerce enriches human life enriched and within commerce, transportation of cargo is arguably the most important in business transactions. Traditionally, marine transport has been major commercial transaction, but carriage cargo by air is on the increase. While the fare for freight in comparison with that of ocean is higher, air freight has many benefits that justify the higher shipping fee; lower insurance premium, packing charges, inventory control, cost management and especially speed. Therefore, air freight transport is accumulating gradually. An air waybill(AWB) is needed in the air transport flow. It is a nonnegotiable security, so the holder cannot transfer of a right to a third party. Some scholars suggest that a negotiable AWB is needed. However, it seems nearly impossible to do so; an e-AWB use shows a gain in numbers, even if it has not met expectations. Going forward, it would appear reasonable to conduct a follow-up study on the utility and legal problem for e-AWB. After sending goods, the consignor has the right of disposition of cargo in some cases, and more research is necessary, because it is related to change of ownership and a trade settlement. According to WATS (World Airlines Transport Statistics), the Korean Air took third place in international freight in 2014, and fifth in total, domestic and international to great acclaim. However, there is a lack of research supporting the business showing. It is hope that more studies on e-AWB, stoppage in transit, and a risk of outstanding amount, etc. connect to develop Korean air freight industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.436-440
• /
• 2017

This study evaluated the design and structural integrity of a three-axle bogie frame in a railway freight car through a numerical analysis and an experimental evaluation. A three-axle bogie frame, which supports the weight of the car body and load, is required to transport heavier cargo because two-axle vehicles have structural limitations. Therefore, this study performed a structural analysis and static load tests to evaluate the design and structural integrity of a three-axle bogie frame. The results obtained from the numerical analysis were compared to those of the experiments. For the bogie frame used in the experiments, a failure evaluation was performed using non-destructive methods. The numerical analysis and experimental evaluation were satisfactory for the structural integrity evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.401-409
• /
• 2004

A monitoring system for container using CPS is the system for positioning and managing containers in real time. CPS is capable of positioning the container, promptly with a reasonable amount of accuracy. Facility managers of ports or airports should have loading, unloading, and keeping freight effectively. Transport companies or freight owners should allocate moving container properly and be able to prevent the loss or delay of freight. In this study, the position and pathways of container are monitored by real-time tracking method. The absolute and relative locations of container are monitored digitally and visually from TC_loading to TC_unloading yard. It has been tested the movement of the containers equiped with GPS, and its accuracy and efficiency were analyzed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.198-205
• /
• 2021

For twenty years, in the EU there has been a trend of a lack of maritime infrastructure and a redundance of the road one, which has a negative impact on the economy. The intermodal transport market structure in the EU has not changed over the past ten years. The stability of transport systems due to the lack of changes in the transport market remains under threat, affecting supply chains and networks through the optimization of warehousing and transportation costs. The research methodology is based on a quantitative assessment of cause-and-effect relations between economic growth and transport and logistics in the EU. A statistical analysis of security indicators, intermodal and modal transport, international trade in goods within the EU and in the world trade in goods, the dynamics of GDP of the EU countries, the level of openness of the EU economy, investment and maintenance costs of different modes of transport and infrastructure has been carried out. The results show that in 2000- 2010 there were positive changes in the transport and logistics infrastructure of the EU, which had a positive effect on trade, openness of the economy of the EU, GDP growth. However, at that time, negative effects of environmental impact and the load on road and rail transport were accumulating. Investment in different modes of transport is limited, and technical maintenance and infrastructure maintenance costs form a significant part of GDP of the EU. A slowdown in economic growth leads to budget constraints and infrastructure financing gap. As a result, the freight and passenger intermodal and modal transport market structure remains virtually unchanged. The load on rail and road transport remains stable, despite the reduced level of transport hazards. Transport productivity has declined over the past ten years. Herewith, the intensification of trade and the openness of the EU economies require constant modernization and innovative renewal. The EU policy in this direction remains normative, uncontrolled, which is reflected in investment differences within the EU and maintenance costs.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.477-483
• /
• 2011

Climate changes and environmental pollution problems are continuing every year. In Korea, the carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions by the transport sector reached around 20% of pollution. Many countries are enforcing the pollution-control policy. Korean government has introduced the modal shift grants as well as in other countries. In case of nation's transportation plan, the policy basis of green distribution is emphasized. However, the shipper and logistics company have low interests in the modal shift as the massive transportation system. The purpose of this paper is that I studied the policy alternatives for the modal shift of foreign railways., And also I studied the difficult problems at altering the railway freight from domestic road freight and I suggested the alternatives of modal shift to solve those problems.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.2156-2162
• /
• 2008

To reduce the cost and the time of transport in Eurasian railroad networks such as TKR, TCR and TSR owing to the problem of different track gauges (narrow/standard/broad gauge), it is important to develop the gauge - adjustable wheelset system to adapt easily to these gauges. The gauge - adjustable wheelset system in the transcontinental railway have been proposed as a more effective way in comparison with other techniques for overcoming difference in track gauges. Assume that the freight train with gauge adjustable wheelset system is running from domestic train network to TCR, TSR in Eurasian continent, it is necessary to estimate the safety of this system. This study is evaluated at examination of safety for freight train with gauge adjustable wheelset system by simulated durability analysis. Moreover, the predicted fatigue life at running track using the durability simulator was verified by the durability test according to UIC standard.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.365-370
• /
• 2018

Currently, container transport services play a substantial role in global cargo transportation, by serving as an intermodal between exporter and importer. Container shipping has become increasingly important over the past few decades, due to obvious advantages. However, Vietnam's container market has shown severely ongoing competition among numerous domestic and foreign shipping lines, resulting in serious consequences occurring such as freight rates substantially decreasing within the last 10 years. Vietnam's sea lanes have become more defensive, to cover losses of shipping companies. Selection of criteria for competitive evaluation of container transport companies is necessary, to facilitate addressing the problems within the enterprise, especially relating to its position in the market and from here, business management can implement strategic plans and reasonable policy, to survive and grow.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.127-163
• /
• 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the volatility spillover effects among BDI, CCFI and SCFI. This paper will divide the empirical analysis section into two periods to analyze and compare the differences in volatility spillover effect between shipping freight indices before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 separately. First, in order to compare the mean spillover impact and index lead-lag correlations in BDI and CCFI indices, along with BDI and SCFI indices before and after COVID-19, the co-integration analysis and the test of Granger causality built on the VAR model were utilized. Second, the impulse response and variance decomposition are employed in this work to investigate how the shipping freight index responds to shocks experienced by itself and other freight indices in a short period. Before the COVID-19 epidemic, the results demonstrated that the BDI freight index is the Granger cause of the variable CCFI freight index. But the BDI and CCFI freight indices have no apparent lead-lag relationships after COVID-19, and this empirical result echoes the cointegration test result. After the COVID-19 epidemic, the SCFI index leads the BDI index. This study employs the VAR-BEKK-GARCH joint model to explore the volatility spillover results between dry bulk and container transport markets before and after COVID-19. The empirical results demonstrate that after COVID-19, fluctuations in the BDI index still affect the CCFI index in the maritime market. However, there is no proof of a volatility spillover relationship between the BDI and SCFI after the COVID-19 epidemic. This study will provide an insight into the volatility relationship among BDI, CCFI and SCFI before and after the the COVID-19 epidemic occurred.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2012

The low-carbon freight transportation system was introduced due to increase traffic congestion cost and carbon-dioxide for global climate change according to expanding city logistics demands. It is necessary to create 3D-based road network map for representing realistic road geometry with consideration of fuel consumption and carbon emissions. This study propose that 3D road network model expressed to realistic topography and road structure within trunk road for intercity freight through overlaying 2D-based transport-related thematic map and 1m-resolution DEM. The 3D-based road network map for the experimental road sections(Pyeongtaek harbor-Uiwang IC) was verified by GPS/INS survey and fuel consumption simulation. The results corresponded to effectively reflect realistic road geometry (RMSE=0.87m) except some complex structure such as overpass, and also actual fuel consumption. We expect that Green-based freight route planning and navigation system reflected on 3D geometry of complex road structure will be developed for effectively resolving energy and environmental problems.

• The Journal of shipping and logistics
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.615-635
• /
• 2018

Using data from 2008 to 2017, this study analyzed the financial characteristics of offshore freight shipping companies in Korea, categorized by vessel type, and their impact on business performance. The analysis showed an upward trend in the overall debt ratio of offshore freight transport companies and differences in the financial characteristics of each vessel type as well as the major factors affecting business performance. In particular, the significant factors affecting the ROA performance of the business are the size of business and debt ratio in the LPG line; the growth rate in the bulk line; the size of business, debt ratio, and year in the general freight line; and the size of business, growth rate, entertainment expense rate, debt ratio, and year in the full container line. Therefore, each shipping company needs to recognize differences in key financial factors affecting its performance based on vessel type, implement proactive measures, and diversify its vessel portfolio.