• Title/Summary/Keyword: Free oxygen radical

Search Result 543, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Alzheimer's Disease-linked Swedish Amyloid Precursor Protein Mutation Induces Cell Death by Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

  • Kim Hye Sun;Lee Jun Ho;Kim Eun Mee;Lee Jean Pyo;Suh Yoo Hun
    • Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-24
    • /
    • 2005
  • The Swedish double mutation (KM670/671NL) of amyloid precursor protein (Swe-APP) is associated with early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and increases amyloid beta peptide production. Although APP/A/3 mediated neurotoxicity is observed both in vitro and in vivo, the relationship between mutant APP expression, A/3 production, and neuronal death observed in the brains of FAD patients remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Swe-APP-induced cell death in HEK293 and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells. We found that the expression of Swe-APP induced cytochrome C relase, activation of caspase 3 in HEK 293 and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells. We also show that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in Swe-APP expressing HEK 293 cells and NGF-differentiated PC 12 cells and that pretreatment with vitamine E attenuated the cellular death, cytochrome C release induced by Swe-APP expression, indicating the involvement of free radical in these processes. These results suggest one of possible apoptotic mechanisms of Swe-APP which could occur through cytochrome C release from mitochondria and this apoptosis inducing effects could be at least in part, due to ROS generation by Swe-APP expression.

  • PDF

Chemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Effects of Sea Mustard Undaria pinnatifida from the Gultongmeori Area, Taejongdae, Busan (부산 태종대 굴통머리 미역(Undaria pinnatifida)의 화학적 특성 및 항산화 효과)

  • Young Do Shin;Jung Woo Lee;Myungwon Choi;Sun Young Lim
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.56 no.2
    • /
    • pp.196-203
    • /
    • 2023
  • We investigated the nutritional characteristics and antioxidant effects of sea mustard Undaria pinnatifida fractions from Gultongmeori in Taejongdae, Youngdo, Busan. Based on dry weight, the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and crude fiber contents were 34.98%, 11.55%, 0.43%, 17.82%, and 3.45%, respectively. To evaluate the antioxidant effect, we used radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production measurement, and DNA oxidation assays. Total flavonoid and phenol contents were higher in the n-hexane fraction than in other fractions. The n-hexane fraction was more effective at scavenging free radicals than other fractions as assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays (P<0.05). The ROS production assay showed that all sea mustard fractions decreased H2O2 induced cellular ROS production compared to that seen in the control (P<0.05); however, the n-hexane fraction reduced cellular ROS production to a greater extent than the other fractions. Furthermore, the n-hexane fraction from Gultongmeori significantly inhibited genomic DNA oxidation. These results indicate that the antioxidant effect of sea mustard is associated with its high flavonoid and phenol content. This study proposes that processed food products supplemented with sea mustard can be developed as functional foods to promote health in the local population.

The Effect of Vitamin E on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury and Fibrosis in Rat - Comparison of Penicillamine- or Deferoxamine-Treated Group - (백서에서 Bleomycin 투여로 인한 폐손상 및 폐섬유화에 대한 Vitamin E의 영향 - Penicillamine, Deferoxamine 투여군과 비교 -)

  • Jung, Soon-Hee;Yong, Suk-Joong;Ahn, Chul-Min;Shin, Kye-Chul;Choi, In-Joon;Cho, Sang-Ho
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.42 no.2
    • /
    • pp.184-205
    • /
    • 1995
  • Background: Pulmonary toxicity by bleomycin has multiple mechanisms including direct tissue toxicity due to oxygen-derived free radicals and indirect toxicity through amplification of pulmonary inflammation. To evaluate the effect of chelators or free radical scavenger to lung damage induced by bleomycin, penicillamine as a copper chelator, deferoxamine as an iron chelator and vitamin E as a free radical scavenger were administered. Methods: Two hundred Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, bleomycin treated, bleomycin-penicillamine treated, bleomycin-deferoxamine treated, and bleomycin-vitamin E treated groups. Rats sacrificed on day 1, day 3, day 4, day 7, day 14, and day 28 after treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage, light microscopic and immunohistologic studies for type I, III, IV collagens, fibronectin, laminin and NBD phallicidin were evaluated. Results: There was a significant increase in the total cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage on day 1 from all treated animals and vitamin treated group showed an abrupt decrease in total cell counts with decrease of neutrophils on day 3. Bleomycin-vitamin E treated group had the least histologic changes such as pulmonary fibrosis. The alveolar basement membranes were positive for type IV collegen and laminin. Basement membranes of bleomycin, bleomycin-penicillamine, or bleomycin-deferoxamine treated groups were disrupted and fragmented on day 4 or 7. The bleomycin-vitamin E treated group had intact basement membranes until day 28. Conclusion: Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was related to the severity of acute injury to oxygen radicals or activation of neutrophils and disruption of basement membrane. Vitamin E seemed to be the most effective antioxidant in the inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis.

  • PDF

Nutritional Components of Korean Traditional Actinidia (Actinidia arguta) Sprout and in vitro Antioxidant Effect (한국 토종다래(Actinidia arguta)순의 주요 영양성분 및 in vitro 항산화 활성)

  • Jin, Dong Eun;Park, Seon Kyeong;Park, Chang Hyeon;Seung, Tae Wan;Choi, Sung-Gil;Heo, Ho Jin
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.47 no.1
    • /
    • pp.37-43
    • /
    • 2015
  • Nutritional composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Korean traditional actinidia (Actinidia arguta) sprouts of the Otumsense variety were investigated to examine the sproutsi nutritional value. The most abundant mineral, amino acid, and fatty acid were calcium, glutamic acid, and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid, respectively. The major free sugar of Otumsense sprouts was sucrose. The level of vitamin C, a natural antioxidant, was highest among other vitamins examined. The amount of total polyphenol was highest in the 40% ethanol extract. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity of the 40% ethanol extract was about 94% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. Malondialdehyde inhibition by the extract increased in a dose-dependent manner (from 0 to $100{\mu}g/mL$). Intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation resulting from $H_2O_2$ treatment of PC12 cells significantly reduced when the 40% ethanol extract was present in the media compared to that in PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only.

The antioxidative effects of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extracts (개머루덩굴 추출물의 항산화 효과)

  • Rhim, Tae-Jin;Choi, Moo-Young
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
    • /
    • v.23 no.5
    • /
    • pp.445-450
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative capacity of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 95% ethanol extracts. The concentration of A. brevipedunculata extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 0.42 mg/mL as compared to 100% by pyrogallol as a reference. Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity against ABTS radical reactions. Total antioxidant capacities of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were 0.65 and 3.71 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 5 and $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ were 22.75 and $131.25\;{\mu}M$ gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Superoxide scavenging activities of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were 27.7 and 56.0%, respectively. Total phenolic contents of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/mL were 0.55 and 2.06 mM gallic acid equivalents, respectively. A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL inhibited 0.2 mM and 0.5 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced cyototoxicity by 36.2 and 23.3%, respectively, in HepG2 cell culture system. Thus strong antioxidant and cytotoxicity-inhibiting effects of A. brevipedunculata extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation as well as high levels in total phenolic contents.

Effect of Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi Extracts on Oxidative Stress (줄날도래 추출물이 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Young Mi;Lim, Jae Hwan;Lee, Jong Eun;Seo, Eul Won
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.31-37
    • /
    • 2013
  • The present study aimed to investigate effects of ethanol extracts from Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi on cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. In a radical scavenging assay, compared with ascorbic acid used as a control, the level of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and that of hydroxyl radicals in H. kozhantschikovi extracts were 60.0% and 43.7%, respectively. The ferrous iron chelating level was 37.5% compared to the chelating value of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) as a positive control at the same concentration. To verify inhibitory effects of oxidative cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the relative level of lipid peroxidation and the expression level of the p21 protein were compared in extracts-treated and untreated groups. Lipid peroxidation was completely inhibited in the extracts-treated group compared with the radical-only treated group. The level of p21 protein expression was restored to 92.2% of p21 protein expression in the control sample. In addition, DNA cleavage inhibition in the H. kozhantschikovi extracts was 74.1% compared with that of the control group, suggesting that H. kozhantschikovi extracts repress DNA cleavage induced by ROS. Moreover, the phosphorylation ratio of the H2AX protein was 16.7% in the radical-treated group, indicating that the ethanol extracts inhibited 83.3% of DNA damage. Our findings suggest that ethanol extracts from H. kozhantschikovi are effective not only in repressing the oxidation of free radicals and highly toxic hydroxyl radicals, but also in decreasing cell and DNA damage caused by oxidative stress.

Thioredoxin Peroxidase Manifestation in Radiation-Induced White Rat Lung Tissues (방사선 조사후 손상된 백서 폐조직에서의 Thioredoxin Peroxidase의 발현)

  • Chong, Seong-Cheoll;Park, Joon-Seong;Park, Jee-Won;Lee, Sun-Min;Park, Kwang-Joo;Hwang, Sung-Chul;Lee, Yi-Hyeong;Hahn, Myung-Ho;Oh, Young-Taek;Kim, Hyung-Joong
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.47 no.5
    • /
    • pp.650-659
    • /
    • 1999
  • Background/Aims: It is well recognized that all aerobic cells have the protective mechanisms in order to minimize the tissue damage induced by various reactive oxygen species(ROS). Thioredoxin peroxidase(TPX) which has been recently identified and characterized functions to convert peroxide to water. The protein is also found in various subtypes(TPX-A & B, MER5, HS22 and HORF-06) and is known to be ubiquitous in most human cells. Especially, ischemic brain injuries, partial hepatectomy and radiation induced DNA damages. In treating lung cancer, radiation therapy has a major place in the local control and the relief of symptoms, but radiation induced free radical injury and resulting pulmonary fibrosis has been the major drawback of the therapy. However, little is known about the protective mechanisms and biologic modulations against radiation-induced tissue damages. Methods: Eighteen mice were divided into six groups, 3 in each group, and fifteen had received 900cGy of radiation. The mice were sacrificed according to the pre determined time schedule; immediate, 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after irradiation. Extracts were made from the lungs of each mice, Western blot analysis of various subtypes of TPX were done after SDS-P AGE. Examination of H & E stained slides from the same irradiated specimens and the control specimens were also performed. Results: No difference in the intensity of the immunoreactive bands in the irradiated lung samples of the mice compared to the unirradiated control was observed regardless of the time intervals, although H & E examination of the sample specimens demonstrated progressive fibrotic changes of the irradiated lung samples. Conclusion: In conclusion, according to our data, it is suggested that various thioredoxin peroxidase subtypes and catalase which are known to be increased in many repair processes may not be involved in the repair of the radiation injury to the lung and subsequent fibrosis.

  • PDF

Effect of Pyroligneous Liquor on Oxygen Radicals and Their Scavenger Enzymes in Liver of CD Rats (흰쥐 간조직의 활성산소 및 제거효소에 미치는 목초액의 영향)

  • Choi, Jin-Ho;Cho, Weon-Ki
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.40 no.2
    • /
    • pp.111-117
    • /
    • 2007
  • This study was designed to investigate the effects of pyroligneous liquor on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in the liver of Cri/Bgi CD rats (7 rats per group). Male rats were fed a basic diet prepared in our Lab., PL-0 (Control), PL-1, PL-25, PL-50 and PL-75 groups were Prepared to be 0%, 1%, 25%, 50% and 75%with distilled water using pyroligneous liquor (35% of Choa Co. Ltd.), and were administrated orally for 8 weeks. Superoxide radical contents in liver mitochondria and microsomes were significantly decreased to 12-14%, 11-15%, respectively, in these PL-25 and PL-50groups compared with the control group. Hydroxyl radical content in mitochondria and microsomes were markedly decreased to 12-20% and 17%, respectively, in these PL-25 and PL-50% groups compared with the control group. Hydrogen peroxide content in mitochondria and microsomes were significantly decreased about 15-12% and 22-20% in liver of PL-25 and PL-50 groups compared with the control group. Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD activities in liver of PL-25 and PL-50 groups were remarkably increased to 15-25%, 11-16%, respectively, compared with the control group. GPx activities in mitochondria and microsomes were significantly increased in the liver of PL-25 and PL-50 groups compared with the control group. CAT activities in mitochondria and cytosol were significantly increased to 12-14%, 15-27%, respectively, in the liver of PL-25 and PL-50 groups compared with the control group. These results suggest that long term administration orally of 25 and 50% pyroligneous liquor may effectively inhibit the formation of oxygen free radicals, and also scavenger enzyme activities significantly increase through the administration orally.

The Role of Hydroxyl Radical in the Pathogenetic Mechanism of Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats (내독소에 의한 백서의 급성 폐손상에서 Hydroxyl Radical의 병인론적 역할에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Young-Soo;Yoo, Chul-Gyu;Kim, Young-Whan;Han, Sung-Koo;Kim, Keun-Youl;Han, Yong-Chol
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.39 no.2
    • /
    • pp.120-130
    • /
    • 1992
  • Background: Although there have been many studies on the pathogenetic mechanism of acute lung injury, it is still elusive. Recently interests have been focused on the role of oxygen free radicals. But the effect of hydroxyl radical on the neutrophil mobilization and the alveolar-capillary permeability is not clear especially in the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury model of rats. This investigation was performed to evaluate the pathogenetic role of hydroxyl radical on the neutrophil accumulation into the lung and the increased alveolar-capillary permeability in the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats. Method: Fifty rats were divided into four groups: vehicle control group (n=5, 6hrs; n=5, 24hrs), endotoxin-treated group (n=10, 6hrs; n=10, 24hrs), Dimethylthiourea (DMTU)-pretreated group (n=10, 6hrs), and deferoxamine (DFX)-pretreated group (n=10, 6hrs). Thirty minutes before sacrifice, $^{125}I$-tagged bovine serum albumin was injected. Six and twenty four hours after endotoxin injection, the rats were sacrificed, and the radioactivity of lung tissue and peripheral blood was counted. Permeability index was defined as the ratio of radioactivity between lung tissue and peripheral blood. Another set of rats (n=52) were divided into the same four groups as before [vehicle control group (n=5, 6hrs; n=5, 24hrs), endotoxin·treated group (n=7, 6hrs; n=8, 24hrs), DMTU-pretreated group (n=6, 6hrs; n=9, 24hrs), and DFX-pretreated group (n=5, 6hrs; n=7, 24hrs)], and were sacrificed 6 and 24 hours after endotoxin injection. In these rats, cell profile of peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was evaluated, and the pathologic examination of lung tissue was performed. Results: 1) Increased alveolar-capillary permeability was observed 6 hours after endotoxin injection, which was normalized after 24 hours, and this increase was attenuated by pretreatment with DMTU and DFX. 2) Neutrophil sequestration into the lung was observed 24 hours after endotoxin administration, but this was not influenced by DMTU and DFX pretreatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that hydroxyl radical would not be involved in the sequestration of neutrophils into the lung, but plays an important role in the increase of alveolar-capillary permeability in the endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats.

  • PDF

Effect of Iron Excess-induced Oxidative Stress on Platelet Aggregation (과잉 철로 유도된 산화적 스트레스가 혈소판 활성화에 미치는 작용)

  • Seo, Geun-Young;Park, Hyo-Jin;Jang, Sung-Geun;Park, Young-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.35 no.8
    • /
    • pp.979-984
    • /
    • 2006
  • Although iron is essential for many physiological processes, excess iron can lead to tissue damage by promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is increasing evidence that ROS might play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of iron excess on platelet function and the thrombotic response to vascular injury are not well understood. We examined the effects of iron excess-induced oxidative stress and the antioxidants on platelet aggregation. Oxidative stress was accessed by either free iron $(Fe^{+2})$ or hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$, as well as their combination on washed rabbit platelets (WPs) in vitro. When WPs were stimulated with either $Fe^{+2}$ alone or a subthreshold concentration of collagen, which gave an aggregatory curve with a little effect, and a dose dependent increase in platelet aggregation was observed by increasing concentrations of $Fe^{+2}$ with $H_2O_2$. This aggregation was associated with the iron-catalyzed formation of hydroxyl radicals from $H_2O_2$, and were inhibited by NAD/NADP (proton acceptor), catalase $(H_2O_2\;scavenger)$, tiron (iron chelator), mannitol (hydroxyl radical scavenger), and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), but not by NADH/NADPH (proton donor), superoxide mutase, and aspirin. However, NADH/NADPH, an essential cofactor for the antioxidant capacity by the supply of reducing potentials, showed the effect of an enhanced radical formation, suggesting a role for NADH/NADPH-dependent oxidase. These results suggest that iron $(Fe^{+2})$ can directly interact with washed rabbit platelets and this aggregation be mediated by OH formation as in the Fenton reaction, inhibited by radical scavengers.