• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1995

Changes in the contents of sugar, organic acid, free amino acid and uncleic acid-related compounds of leaf mustard-Kimchi during fermentation at 5~7$^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The leaf mustard-Kimchi was formulated with 4kg leaf mustard, 120g garlic, 80g ginger, 540ml salted anchovies, 1kg green onion, 200g red pepper powder, 200g ground red pepper, 60g whole sesame and 600ml glutinous rice paste. Changes in pH and acidity were relatively slow. Major free sugars were glucose(0.13%) and maltose(0.42%), and residual sugars(0.03-0.04%) were also detected after 32 days of fermentation. Major free amino acids containing more than 26.5mg% were proline, glutamic acid, alanine and histidine. Contents of total free amino acids increased from 244.8 to 397.2mg% by 24 days of fermentation. Of non-volatile organic acid, lactic acid was the most abundant(119.3mg%), and its content increased markedly after 10 days of fermentation. Other organic acids(below 53.1mg%) observed were malic, oxalic and citric acid. Contents of nucleic acid-related compounds were high in the order of hypoxanthine(22.8mg%), IMP(8.3mg%) and GMP(6.9mg%). Hypoxanthine content increased by 10 days(27.3mg%) and decreased thereafter, while the others decreased gradually during the overall period of fermentation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.867-879
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• 2015

To confirm basic nutrient contents of Korean honey as a food material, we assessed New Zealand Manuka honey by measuring proximate components, vitamin C and minerals of 16 kinds of honey harvested in South Korea. The proximate composition of each honey sample was as follows: moisture content 18.45~29.84%, crude protein 0.10~0.95% (vs Manuka honey 0.23%), crude fat 0.02~0.60% (vs Manuka honey 0.34%), crude ash 0.01~.52% (vs Manuka honey 0.24%) and carbohydrate 67.90~80.94% (vs Manuka honey 79.39%), respectively. In the case of free sugars analyze by HPLC, fructose showed a content of 26.12~49.84% which was highest in acacia honey and lowest in sorbus honey. Content of glucose was 19.38~36.12% and lowest in chestnut honey, whereas sucrose, lactose, maltose were absent. Total sugar contents were 64.16% which was less than Manuka honey (70.23%) and vitamin C was not detected in all samples. Minerals were detected 15~25 kinds, including K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mo and so on. Ca was high in order of linden > canola > codonopsis > hedysarum honey, and K was higher than in Manuka honey in order of chestnut > hedysarum > codonopsis > jujube honey. Especially, these results suggest that Korean honey have a better nutrient content profile than Manuka honey.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1996

Total carotenoid contents, color values and spectrum characterization in the range of UV of fruit juice and organic acid and free sugar contents determined by HPLC were investigated on 10 varieties of Cheju citrus fruits. Carotenoid contents of juice were 0.47-9.20$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml which showed higher with Dangyooja while showed lowest content with Meiwa Kumquat. Lightness (L) of juice was highest in Meiwa Kumquat, and in the order of Sankyool, Navel orange and Hungjin. Redness(a) and yellowness(b) were in the order of Dangyooja, Natsudaidai, Sambokam and Kinkoji. The maximum absorption wavelengths if citrus Juices were variable at 269.5-285.5nm according to varieties and it was observed that were changed by mixing with Juices of other varieties. Major organic acids of citrus juice were citric and malic acid, and citric acid was 64.4-95.1% of total organic acids. Ascorbic acid was high in Navel orange, Sudachi and Dangyooja, and low in Meiwa Kumquat and Hungjin. Major free sugars were sucrose, glucose and fructose. Sucrose was 49.2-75.2% of total free sugars, and high in Sankyool and Meiwa Kumquat. Glucose and fructose were high in Meiwa Kumquat and Navel Orange.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2006

Traditional doenjang with Lentinus edodes added at a concentration of 0, 3, 5 and 10% (w/w) was prepared and its physicochemical characteristics were analyzed during fermentation for 6 months. The moisture content, salt level and pH for doenjang were decreased with increasing addition of Lentinus edodes powder, but crude protein content was increased. Among the free sugars, glucose, galactose, arabinose, sucrose and maltose were identified and quantified, with the first two being the major free sugar. Minerals were detected in the order of Na> K> P> Ca> Mg> Fe while the content of Cu, Mn and Zn exhibited little change. The contents of each amino acid of traditional doenjang with added Lentinus edodes, glutamic, leucine and aspartic acids, had a much higher level. In fatty acid compositions, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were analyzed, with oleic acid being the most abundant fatty acid at $56.4{\pm}0.8\sim57.5{\pm}0.5%$ in all the tested samples. GMP and IMP contents of nucleotides and their related compounds were extremely high. It was thought that these substances contributed to the sweet taste of traditional doenjang with added Lentinus edodes. These results showed the applicability and high quality of traditional doenjang with added Lentinus edodes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate a point of difference in chemical characteristics between normal and inferior Korean red ginseng (Naeback red ginseng=red ginseng with white part of clear boundary in phloem and/or xylem of ginseng body, saengnaeback red ginseng=red ginseng with white part of indistinct boundary). content of total sugar as chemical components of naeback and saengnaeback part from Korean red ginseng were less than that of normal part, and content of reducing sugar in normal and saengnaebakc part showed higher than that of naeback part. But differences in content of total phenolic compounds was not found. The content of crude saponin in normal part was highest, amounts of ginsneoside were about same. The content of constituent amino acid in normal part was about 2 times as compared with those in naeback and saengnaeback part in red ginseng. Among the various amino acids, the contents of arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and alanine of normal and naeback part were higher than others, but in saengnaeback proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonin and glycine etc. were higher. In the total amount of free amino acids, those in normal, naeback and saengnaeback part were about the same one another, and arginine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were major free amino acids.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.455-462
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the applicability of dried jujube (Zizypui Fructus) distributed by size as a functional food material and herbal medicine by evaluating its physicochemical characteristics and betulinic acid content. Methods and Results: It was shown that the carbohydrate content of in jujube fruit significantly increased with fruit size; 81.42% for large, 79.83% for medium, and 76.39% for small. Similarly, the dilute ethanol extract content of each group was 72.48% (large), 69.56% (medium), and 64.16% (small). A free sugar analysis indicated that glucose, fructose and sucrose were found in quantitieds proportional to jujube fruit size, the total free sugar values were 68.85%, 63.93%, and 57.37% for large, medium, and small fruit sizes respectively. The betulinic acid content for large, medium, and small fruit was 0.50 mg/g, 0.54 mg/g, and 0.58 mg/g respectively, indicating that smaller jujube contained a higher amount of betulinic acid. Conclusions: It is considered that betulinic acid content could be used as a criteria for jujube fruit quality control.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

Three kinds of grape yakju (Kyoho, Campbell and Moru) and grape-free control were fermented with rice using koji of Aspergillus kawachii as a fermenting agent, and their fermentation characteristics were investigated. For the three yakju, reducing sugar content decreased slowly over 2 days fermentation after an initial rapid decrease. In case of Brix, the reducing sugar content increased gradually after increasing rapidly during the first 2 days of fermentation. The Kyoho and Moru groups displayed a gradual increase in reducing sugar content after an initial 2-day decrease, and the sugar content of the Campbell group increased gradually during fermentation. Uniformly, pH increased gradually after an initial 2-day decrease, however total acid increased continuously throughout fermentation. Alcohol content of yakju showed almost no change after increasing until day 6 (Kyoho) of day 4 (others), with the control displaying the highest content. Control $\alpha$-amylase activity decreased gradually after an initial 2-day increase, while that of the three yakju decreased throughout fermentation. Activities of $\beta$-amylase activities paralleled the results of reducing sugar. Concerning total anthocyanin, the Moru and Campbell groups displayed a rapid increase until day 2, a decrease until day 12, and a gradual increase thereafter. While the Kyoho and control groups displayed virtually no change after an initial 2-day increase until day 12, after which a gradual increase also occurred. In concerning sensory evaluation, Moru yakju scored highest for violetness, flavor of grape, and sweet taste, and also displayed a low alcohol content. These attributed Moru yakju the preferred choice.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 1998

Biochemical property changes of garlic during various storages and marketing after storage were investigated. Content of enzymatic pyruvic acid increased by room and low temperature storage but decreased by CA and MA storage. Fructan contents decreased rapidly by low temperature storage, but restrained decrement by CA and MA storage. Free sugar increased during storage, but did slowly by room temperature storage. Green pigment development was observed when garlics stored for 90days at low temperature were processed into crushed form. This discoloration was small for garlics stored in CA and MA, and never occurred for room temperature stored garlics. When marketed after storage, content of enzymatic pyruvic acid decreased in garlic stored in room and low temperature storage, but increased in garlics which decreased during CA and MA storage. Fructan contents deceased but free sugar contents continuously increased with marketing period. Green pigment development decreased in crushed garlic after 30days at room temperature marketing, but increased in low temperature marketing with marketing time progress.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 1984

액체국(70%, 50%, 30%의 대체구)과 고체국(대조구)을 사용하여 제조한 3개월 숙성고추장의 유리아미노산과 유리당을 분석하였다. 모든 시험고추장에서 글루탐산, 리진, 아스파르트산의 함량이 가장 놓았고 메티오닌, 히스티닌, 트립토판이 가장 낮았다 . 총 유리아미노산 함량은 대조구, 70%대체구, 50%대체구, 30%대체구의 순으로 높았다. 프럭토오스와 람노오스는 모든 시험구에서 검출되었으나 글루코오스는 대조구와 70%대체구에 서만 검출되었다. 유리당 중 프럭토오스는 가장 많은 함량을 나타내었으며 총 유리당 함량은 대조구와 70%대체구가 높았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2008

생구기자를 수확 후 건조하지 않고 바로 가공용으로 이용하기 위하여 데치기 처리 유무에 따라 생구기자 : 설탕을 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, 1:0.8 및 1:1의 중량비로 혼합하여 저온($5^{\circ}C$)에서 5 및 10개월간 당침 숙성하여 구기자청을 만든후, 유리당의 변화를 조사하였다. 구기자청의 가용성전분의 함량은 데치기 처리 유무에 관계없이 설탕 첨가량이 증가할수록 높았으며 UPRGSL-4(데치기 처리를 하지 않은 구기자 : 설탕, 1:0.8의 비율로 처리한 구기자청)에서 가용성전분의 함량이 2.5%로 가장 높았다. Maltose의 함량은 PRGSL(데치기 처리를 한 구기자청)은 설탕첨가량이 증가할수록 maltose의 함량이 높아서 PRGSL-5(데치기 처리를 한 구기자 : 설탕, 1:1)에서 5, 10개월 담금 숙성 시 각각 11.52%와 12.66%이었고 UPRGSL은 1%내외의 함량을 보였다. Sucrose의 함량은 담금 10개월째 sucrose 함량을 측정한 결과 PRGSL-5에서 sucrose 함량이 4.22%이었고 UPRGSL-5는 1.36%의 함량을 보였다. Glucose의 함량은 PRGSL-4에서 담금 10개월째 glucose 함량이 7.86%로 PRGSL-5보다 높은 함량을 보였다. UPRGSL은 설탕의 첨가량이 증가할수록 glucose 함량이 높았으며 담금 숙성 5개월째 급격히 증가하여 UPRGSL-5에서 24.39%, 10개월째는 26.22%이었다. Fructose의 함량은 PRGSL-4 및 -5가 UPRGSL-4 및 -5보다 약 $3{\sim}4%$정도의 낮은 함량을 보였다. Sorbitol 함량은 1%내외로 적은 양을 함유하고 있었지만 UPRGSL에서 약간 높은 함량을 보여 UPRGSL-2, -3 및 -4에서 $1.2{\sim}1.24%$이었다. Glycerol 함량은 설탕 첨가량이 증가할수록 glycerol 함량은 감소하는 경향이었으며 5개월 담금 시 PRGSL-1에서 4.58%, UPRGSL-1에서 3.01%를 보였다.