• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.266-276
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• 2001

This study was conducted to clarify the taxonomic implications of F. chiisanensis Nakai based on morphology and flavonoids of four taxa of Fraxinus [F. chiisanensis Nakai, F. mandshurica Rupr., F. chinensis Roxb. var. rhynchophylla (Hance) Hemsl. and F. sieboldiana Blume] in Korea with one species of China and Japan (F. platypoda Oliv.). Morphologically F. chiisanensis was clearly distinguished from other taxa due to the presence of panicle from leafless lateral bud of previous year, apetalous flower, persistent calyx, and brownish naked bud. A survey of the foliar flavonoids of five species showed two distinctive chemical types. Unique flavones with flavonols, C-glycosylflavone and flavanone were detected in F. chiisanensis (chiisanensis type), while only flavonols, C-glycosylflavone, and flavanone were present in other four taxa (chinensis type). This study showed that F. chiisanensis was not a hybrid between F. mandshurica and F. chinensis var. rhynchophylla, but an endemic taxon distributed in southwestern Korea. Morphologically F. chiisanensis should be included into subgen. Fraxinus, sect. Melioides according to Chang and Qiu's classification. F. platypoda, a taxon of sect. Meliodies in China and Japan, was different from F. chiisanensis with respect of scaled bud, decurrent wing of samara and the lack of flavones (chinensis type). Since four American taxa of sect. Melioides contained flavones (chiisanensis type), they are more closely related with F. chiisanensis chemically.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.632-643
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to examine vegetation community structure and distribution of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji of Chungcheongbuk-do by setting up and surveying 8 plots (400 m² each). Mean Importance Value (MIV) of Fraxinus chiisanensis in 8 plots was 35.19% in average (ranging from 26.07~42.74%). Since it is the dominant species in all plots, it is expected to maintain the present vegetation structure. The analysis of the DBH (diameter at breast height) showed that the diameter of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji ranges from 2 to 43cm. The majority of Fraxinus chiisanensis is expected to maintain current state unless disturbance or rapid environmental change occurs. The Species Diversity (H') was 0.8498~1.0261, Evenness (J') was 0.8160~0.9256, Dominance Index (D) was 0.0789~0.1840, Maximum Diversity (H'max) was 1.0414~1.2041. The analysis of annual ring and radial growth showed that the average age of Fraxinus chiisanensis in Mt.Minjuji was 29.1years(ranging from 22~58years). The average annual radial growth of Fraxinus chiisanensis was the highest in community G with 5.84mm and the lowest in community B with 2.80mm. The similarity index analysis revealed that the similarity index between community B and E, C and F, H was the highest with 69.0%, and the similarity index between community E and F was the lowest with 29.6%. Both the area of Fraxinus chiisanensis community of Mt.Minjuji and its population size are very small. Therefore, this area needs to be designated as Forest Genetic Resource Reserve.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.197-202
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• 1993

Three components, fraxetin-8-glucoside, esculetin-6-glucoside and mannitol, were isolated from the stem bark of Fraxinus chiisanensis var. stenophylla, F. japonica var. intermedia and F. densata. The MeOH extract of the cortex of F. densata had the antiinflammatory activity on the carrageenin-induced paw edema in rat. The MeOH extracts of the cortex of all three Fraxinus spp. have the potent analgesic activity on the HOAc-induced writhing syndrome in mouse and the hepatoprotective activity on the $CCl_4-induced$ fatty liver in rat: protection of ballooning formation and inhibition of sGPT and sGOT increased by $CCl_4$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 2009

We used enzyme electrophoresis to evaluate genetic diversity in five populations of endemic ash, Fraxinus chiisanensis in Korea. Of 15 putative allozyme loci examined 26.7% were polymorphic and expected heterozygosity for the species was low (0.082). Within the range, population were highly differentiated ($F_{ST}$=0.356) and little genetic variation was explained by geography. The pattern of distribution of variation showed low genetic variation within populations and pronounced divergence among populations, which was consistent with the prediction for the effects of limited gene flow and local genetic erosion. Although the frequencies of male plants were dominant ranging from 79.3% to 89.4%, most mating events seems to be inevitable mating between relatives in small populations based on heterozygote deficiency of this species. Small effective population size and the limited dispersal contributed to the low rates of gene flow within as well as between populations.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 1976

Esculin, esculetin-6-glucoside, m.p. $206^{\circ}C$ was isolated from the fresh bark ok Fraxinus chiisanensis $N_{AKAI}$, one of the indigenous plant of the oleaceous family in Korea, in yield 0.09%.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.375-387
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• 2024

This study investigated the ecological characteristics of Fraxinus chiisanensis Nakai, one of the endemic and rare plant species in Korea, based on its distribution status, characteristics of the growth environment, and species composition. A vegetation survey that analyzed the correlation between species distribution patterns and environmental variables, along with the traits of the emergent plant species, was performed according to the explanation of environmental growth conditions and phytosociological method for the location where F. chiisanensis is found. A total of 19 dominant locations and 9 non-dominant locations of F. chiisanensis were observed in 28 study sites in 12 regions, and a total of 155 taxa were observed. According to the vegetation climate of Korea, the growth environment of the study site where F. chiisanensis is located is characterized as cold and is primarily situated within the northern temperate deciduous broadleaf forest zone. The average elevation was 859m above sea level, with an average rock exposure of 60.4%, soil exposure of 24.7%, and an average slope of 18.7°. The taxa belonging to the top P-NCD(Percentage of Net Contribution Degree) among the emergent species were mostly designated as the taxa emerging in valley vegetation. The correlation analysis of environmental variables revealed that altitude had the strongest correlation, with rock exposure showing the second highest correlation. The ongoing dynamics of the F. chiisanensis forest are anticipated to persist due to the high P-NCD values exhibited by the F. chiisanensis within the shrub and herbaceous layers among the taxa associated with tree species. Most F. chiisanensis habitats are currently situated within protected regions such as national parks, provincial parks, and county parks, where there are relatively minimal human-induced disturbances. However, there is potential for damage in areas not designated as protected, such as forest tending operation sites or new hiking trails. Concerns about declining habitat quality have prompted suggestions for management strategies such as establishing Forest Genetic Resource Reserves in these locations. In addition, follow-up and further research should be conducted to identify possible sites for distribution and establish candidate conservation areas based on various environmental conditions of F. chiisanensis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1983

The leaves and young shoots of several broad leaf trees infected with powdery mildew fungi were collected and observed for the purpose of seeking for the host plants and identifying its pathogenic fungi in the arboretum of Forest Research Institute, Seoul from October to November 1982. Of these, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Prunus padus, Celastrus flagellaris, and Fraxinus ${\times}$ chiisanensis were found out to be new host plants of powdery mildew fungi in korea. Morphological characteristics of imperfect state and perfect state of powdery mildew fungi on 4 new host plants were examined. These pathogenic fungi were identified as Podosphaera tridactyla, Uncinula sengokui, and Uncinula fraxini.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2018

한반도 고유 식물자원인 특산식물 물들메나무의 지리학적 분포 범위에 대한 고찰을 시도 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 IUCN 적색목록 평가 자료 확보를 위해 IUCN Red List Criteria B의 분포범위(Extent of occurrence)와 점유면적(Area of occupancy)을 측정하였다. 물들메나무 분포도 작성을 위해 분포가 언급된 관련 문헌자료, 국립수목원 표본관(KH) 소장 표본정보, 국가생물종지식정보시스템(Nature) 종발생정보 DB, 그리고 현장조사 자료를 활용하였다. 이를 통해 한반도 특산식물 물들메나무는 지리산을 중심으로 전라남 북도, 경상남 북도 및 충청북도에 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 북방한계지역은 경상북도 보현산으로 추정된다. 수집된 분포정보를 바탕으로 IUCN Red List Criteria B의 분포범위(Extent of occurrence)과 점유면적(Area of occupancy)을 계산한 결과 각각 $25,183km^2$, $96km^2$로 나타났다. 하지만 정확한 보전지위 평가를 위해서는 점유면적, 분포범위, 서식지 면적, 개체군 크기에 대한 지속적인 하락과 극단적인 변동을 측정할 수 있는 모니터링과 객관적인 자료가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-202
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• 2018

Many ecological studies regarding forest succession, which is the process of arriving at climax forest through ecological changes, have suggested that Carpinus laxiflora is the leading tree type of the climax forest of temperate zone in South Korea. However, most of these studies on C. laxiflora forest have focused on vegetation structure and succession process in specific areas or regional physiognomical forest communities, and thus some may question whether it is rational to consider C. laxiflora forest as the climax forest in South Korea's temperate forest zone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the vegetation classification, species composition, and stratum structure and to investigate the succession tendency with the vegetation data collected from C. laxiflora forests in 75 quadrates in 17 mountains between 2014 and 2017. We used the phytosociological method to analyze the vegetation structure and the importance value to analyze the stratum structure. The results showed the floristic composition of 6 vegetation units and 9 species groups. The hierarchy of the C. laxiflora community group was represented by the Ulmus laciniata community, Corylus heterophylla community (subdivided Quercus aliena group and Corylus heterophylla typical group), and Rhododendron schlippenbachii community (subdivided Fraxinus chiisanensis group, Carpinus tschonoskii group, and Rhododendron schlippenbachii typical group). Successional tendency of C. laxiflora forest based on the importance of each layer is predicted to be the total of three types such as to maintain the stand (vegetation units 2, 3, and 6), to success the Carpinus cordata forest (vegetation units 1 and 4), and to success Quercus acuta forest (vegetation unit 5).