• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.9-33
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• 2017

This study aims to emphasize the importance of social inclusiveness for evaluation and future development of social policy in Korea. In particular, this study emphasizes that the future of social policy in Korea depends on the level of social inclusiveness. Social inclusiveness can be measured by the extent to which social policy is inclusive and the level of citizens' perception of social inclusiveness. This study uses 4 frameworks (universality, progressiveness, life-long, and adequacy) of inclusive asset-based policy to evaluate the level of social inclusiveness of key laws and social policies. Key findings are as follows: First, Korea has established normative systems of laws and social policies. Second, however, Korean social policy has multiple problems in universality, progressiveness, life-long, and adequacy. To enhance social inclusiveness of social policy, this study emphasizes the 'socialness' of social problems. Korea has faced market failure, the high level of rate experiencing poverty during life, and inefficiency of social policy. If we accept the socialness of social problems, social policy should attempt to increase publicness of social policy. The increase in socialness as well as social inclusiveness may be fundamental for inclusive society in Korea.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.23-48
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• 2017

This article advocates for a Mode 3 science policy. Compared to the university research-based Mode 1 knowledge production system and the knowledge application-centric Mode 2 innovation system, Mode 3 can be defined as a system that integrates both Mode 1 and Mode 2-type knowledge production models. In this article, based on the major characteristics of the Mode 3 scientific knowledge production system, I agree with the advocates of Mode 3 that constructing a knowledge society requires an inclusive form of knowledge production and innovation system through the democratization of knowledge production as well as the promotion of social values. Moreover, the mechanisms for creating accountable innovation in the Mode 3 system should be given more attention from the science research and policy communities to make public policy for scientific and technological innovation more reflective of social changes. Similar to the ways that the Mode 1 and Mode 2 scientific knowledge production approaches have influenced the development of science policy models, the Mode 3 scientific knowledge production approach, or Mode 3 science, also has the potential to shape a new science policy model. I will refer to this as Mode 3 science policy. In an effort to conceptualize the democracy- and society-centric Mode 3 science policy model, I will articulate science policy strategies in four science policy domains in South Korea from the context of the Mode 3 science approach. These include (1) evaluation of publicly-funded research activities, (2) valorization of scientific knowledge (that is, enhancement of the value of scientific knowledge through governmental action), (3) development of a science policy decision-making support system, and (4) anticipatory foresight of science, technology and society. When adopting and implementing a Mode 3 science framework, one progressive change is to increase socially desirable innovation such as responsible innovation.