• 영어어문교육
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2012

It has long been shown that Korean EFL students have not practiced extensive reading in school curriculum. Their vocabulary knowledge is limited and a tool for measuring text readability for them has hardly been developed and used. The study aimed to check the current situations on the above issues and develop a reading framework appropriate for extensive reading within the national English curriculum, including the Readability Formula in Korean EFL contexts (KRF). The study consists of four steps. The study does a survey to check the current Korean EFL situations on the issues, suggests a new vocabulary learning size, develops a readability formula as a tool for measuring text difficulty based on the newly suggested vocabulary size, and finally validates the formula with various kinds of English books, including the primary and secondary school English textbooks. It is expected that this study will provide a model for the vocabulary size and the readability index for extensive reading in EFL contexts.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.141-163
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• 2005

The international SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability determination) Project ISO/IEC 15504(SPICE : Software Process Improvement and Capability determination) is an emerging International Standard on SPA(Software Process Assessment). A prime motivation for developing this standard has been the perceived need for an internationally recognized software process assessment framework that pulls together the existing public and proprietary models and methods. A SPICE assessment can be considered as one of representative SPA model since assessors assign ratings to indicators and metrics to measure the capability of software process. But this models doesn't provide a systematic measurement procedures and dynamic method for SPI(Software Process Improvement). Through the evaluation of SPICE is capable of providing a substantiated basis for using the notion of capability, as well as providing information for nacessary improvements to the standard using 6sigma process. As a result, this paper propose a measurement procedure and guidelines for application of 6sigma process to guarantee the reliability in SPI and suggest the structure to support SPI on overall organization.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제15D권6호
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• pp.879-888
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• 2008

최근 웹 서비스가 다양한 응용 분야에 도입되면서 모바일 환경에서도 웹서비스 조합 어플리케이션의 개발이 활발하다. 모바일 환경에서 여러 개 서비스를 지원하는 사용자 인터페이스는 각 서비스의 호출과 응답 확인을 위한 여러 개의 뷰가 필요하고 서비스 간의 조합 순서와 흐름을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 서비스 집합의 명세로부터 프리젠테이션 요소인 뷰를 추출하고 서비스 입출력 데이터의 타입에 기반하여 뷰 및 서비스 흐름 분석 방법을 제안한다. 뷰 및 서비스 흐름 분석으로부터 서비스 호출을 위한 사용자 인터페이스 요소가 자동 생성될 수 있다. 제안된 방법은 서비스 조합을 위한 모바일 사용자 인터페이스를 생성할 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서는 자체 개발된 XForms 브라우저를 이용하여 제안된 방법에 의해 생성된 XForms 페이지가 REST 기반 서비스 접속을 위한 클라이언트로 동작할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.81-104
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• 2015

Intentional information systems (IS) misuse is a serious problem in many organizations. This study aims at developing the theoretical framework of deterring IS misuse on the basis of Nagin's General Deterrence Theory (GDT) which is very famous in the area of socio-criminology. Applying GDT to the IS misuse situation could be reasoned that the perceived certainty and the perceived severity of sanctions associated with committing IS misuse have positive impact on deterring the deviant behaviors. Also, these two constructs (certainty of sanctions and severity of sanctions) could be inferred to be influenced by the four types of IS security countermeasures (security policies, security awareness program, monitoring practices and preventive security software) derived through critically reviewing IS security-relevant literature. The proposed research model and ten hypotheses were empirically analysed using structural equation modelling with the data collected by conducting a questionnaire survey of staff members in business organizations in Korea. As a result, it was found that five ones of ten hypotheses were supported. It is thought that this study makes theoretical contribution to expanding research area of IS security and also has strong implications for IS security management practices within organizations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2021

The stock market plays a crucial role in the growth of industry and trade, which eventually affects the economy. This paper studies the determinants of stock market development in Jordan using yearly time-series data (1978-2019). The autoregressive distributed lag approach is applied to examine co-integration, while the vector error correction model is employed to estimate (long-run and short-run) causal relationships. The results show that macroeconomic determinants such as gross domestic product, gross domestic savings, investment rate, credit to the private sector, broadest money supply, stock market liquidity, and inflation rate are important determinants of stock market development. These findings provide vital implications for policymakers in developed and emerging stock markets. First, economic development plays an imperative role in stock market development. Second, developing the banking sector is mandatory because it can significantly promote stock market development. Third, domestic investment is a significant determinant of stock market development, especially in emerging countries. However, it is vital to launch policies that lead to encourage investment and promote stock market development, and this could be done through (1) encouraging competition, (2) improving the institutional framework, and (3) removing trade blocks by establishing a mutual connection between foreign private investment entities and government authorities.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring nursing information literacy competency, and then to examine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: The developmental process of the instrument includes construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Its content validity was verified by three experts from nursing and nursing informatics. Its construct, convergent, and discriminant validity was examined in confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, its criterion validity was measured with Pearson's correlation. The tool's reliability was examined by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. The participants include 382 nurses from four hospitals and one university hospital. Results: Twenty seven items in total were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis were supported with acceptable model fit, which were named competency for identifying problem, potential sources for information, searching fine information, evaluating information, acquising and managing of information, using information ethically, and integrating new information. The convergent, discriminant and criterion validities were also supported. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was .93. Conclusion: The instrument is valid and reliable to comprehensively assess nurses' information literacy competency, and to provide a basic direction for developing nursing information literacy program.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.791-801
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• 2021

This study aims to test whether and to what extend national culture affects the readiness of business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce across the world. We regress two sets of data at national level: (1) the ratings of two main dimensions of Hofstede's national culture framework, uncertainty avoidance and individualism, and (2) UTCTAD B2C e-commerce index value. A sample of 83 countries was tested in this study. Several control variables at national level are included in our regression model. We find that these two cultural dimensions have an effect on the readiness of B2C e-commerce in various ways. We find that countries with high individualism score have high index value of B2C e-commerce development. We discuss the implications of these findings for B2C e-commerce developing strategies. We then call for designing relative policies with full consideration on national culture to promote the development of B2C e-commerce. In addition, we identify the limitations of the study and propose recommendations for future research. This study is the first one to use UNCTAD data on B2C e-commerce to explore the relationships between two dimensions of Hofstede's national culture and the readiness of B2C e-commerce and adds to the knowledge of literature in this research field.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.21-46
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to find if the introduction of project finance perspective leads to any modification to the view of PM industry on CSFs of PPP and their relative importance rank. Design/methodology/approach - Through literature reviews, this study came up with a set of CSFs reflective of both perspectives. AHP method was applied for analysis by developing an Analytic Hierarchical Model from this set and survey questionnaires of pairwise comparison to solicit 46 qualified expert responses. Findings - This study concurs with PM industry to acknowledge 'risk allocation', 'legal framework' and 'quality of feasibility' as ones of most important CSFs. However, relative importance rank of individual CSFs goes through significant modification under this study in favor of 'sponsor commitment and quality' but against 'political environment', in particular. Research implications or Originality - Discussions on the CSFs led by PM industry have not been properly reflective of project finance perspective, which is injected into this study to cure the partiality. For researchers, findings of this study may call attention to financing perspective when they discuss CSFs of PPP. Practitioners may benefit from this study by allocating resources in view of this new finding when pursuing PPP projects.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2022

In recent years, the industry and research communities have focused on developing autonomous crack inspection approaches, which mainly include image acquisition and crack detection. In these approaches, mobile devices such as cameras, drones or smartphones are utilized as sensing platforms to acquire structural images, and the deep learning (DL)-based methods are being developed as important crack detection approaches. However, the process of image acquisition and collection is time-consuming, which delays the inspection. Also, the present mobile devices such as smartphones can be not only a sensing platform but also a computing platform that can be embedded with deep neural networks (DNNs) to conduct on-site crack detection. Due to the limited computing resources of mobile devices, the size of the DNNs should be reduced to improve the computational efficiency. In this study, an architecture called pruned crack recognition network (PCR-Net) was developed for the detection of structural cracks. A dataset containing 11000 images was established based on the raw images from bridge inspections. A pruning method was introduced to reduce the size of the base architecture for the optimization of the model size. Comparative studies were conducted with image processing techniques (IPTs) and other DNNs for the evaluation of the performance of the proposed PCR-Net. Furthermore, a modularly designed framework that integrated the PCR-Net was developed to realize a DL-based crack detection application for smartphones. Finally, on-site crack detection experiments were carried out to validate the performance of the developed system of smartphone-based detection of structural cracks.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2023

This study examined the relationships among owner-manager characteristics, e-commerce adoption, and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Although the growth of e-commerce was encouraging in many countries, studies of e-commerce adoption among SMEs in developing countries such as Malaysia are insufficient. Furthermore, studies that investigated individual characteristics and e-commerce adoption are still low in number. This study specifically employed the technology-organization-environmental (TOE) framework to develop its research model. The sample was selected by using a non-probability judgmental sampling technique because the desired population frame was unavailable. A total of 111 owner-managers of SMEs were surveyed using online self-administered questionnaires. Subsequently, the data was analyzed through partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed significant relationships between owner-manager characteristics and e-commerce adoption, as well as between e-commerce adoption and the performance of SMEs. The findings suggested that owner-manager characteristics played an important role in determining e-commerce adoption among SMEs. Moreover, e-commerce adoption was crucial in affecting the performance of SMEs. This paper provided new insights into factors affecting e-commerce adoption and firm performance. It could further benefit the government and SMEs in strategizing e-commerce adoption and development, especially in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) and the post-COVID-19 pandemic.