• 제목/요약/키워드: Frame Signal

검색결과 796건 처리시간 0.034초

소포체 스트레스에 대한 Protein Disulfide Isomerase의 세포보호효과 (Bombyx mori Protein Disulfide Isomerase (bPDI) Protects Sf9 Cells from Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress)

  • 구태원;윤은영;김성완;최광호;강석우;권기상;권오유
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제17권8호통권88호
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    • pp.1129-1134
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    • 2007
  • bPDI가 ER내 misfolding 단백질의 생성을 제한함으로써 곤충변역과 관계하는지를 해석하기 위하여 bPDI가 과발현(overexpression)되는 곤충세포주와 이와 반대로 bPDI가 억제발현(knock-down)되는 곤충세포주를 제작하여 bPDI가 곤충면역에 관련하는지를 해석하였다. bPDI가 과발현되는 세포주 (Sf9-bPDI)는 정상세포주(Sf9)나 pIZT/V5-His 벡터만 도입된 세포주(Sf9-pIZT)에 비하여 생존율이 30% 이상 높았지만, bPDI의 전사체 발현이 억제된 세포주(Sf9-bPDI-dsRNA)는 오히려 정상세포주나 pIZT/V5-His 벡터만 도입된 세포주에 비하여 생존율이 약 15%낮았다. 이와 같은 결과로써, bPDI는 ER내 misfolding 단백질의 생성을 제한함으로써 곤충의 ERSE과 밀접하게 관련할 것이라 추정할 수 있었다.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a New CRT Binding Factor Gene from Capsella bursa-pastoris

  • Wang, Xinglong;Liu, Li;Liu, Sixiu;Sun, Xiaoqing;Deng, Zhongxiang;Pi, Yan;Sun, Xiaofen;Tang, Kexuan
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제37권5호
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    • pp.538-545
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    • 2004
  • A new CRT binding factor (CBF) gene designated Cbcbf25 was cloned from Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild grass, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of Cbcbf25 was 898 bp with a 669 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative DRE/CRT (LTRE)-binding protein of 223 amino acids. The predicted CbCBF25 protein contained a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in its N-terminal region followed by an AP2 DNA-binding motif and a possible acidic activation domain in the C-terminal region. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Cbcbf25 has a high level of similarity with other CBF genes like cbf1, cbf2, and cbf3 from Arabidopsis thaliana, and Bncbf5, Bncbf7, Bncbf16, and Bncbf17 from Brassica napus. A cold acclimation assay showed that Cbcbf25 was expressed immediately after cold triggering, but this expression was transient, suggesting that it concerns cold acclimation. Our study implies that Cbcbf25 is an analogue of other CBF genes and may participate in cold-response, by for example, controlling the expression of cold-regulated genes or increasing the freezing tolerance of plants.

Cloning and Characterization of an Endoglucanase Gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean Native Goat 40

  • Kim, Sung Chan;Kang, Seung Ha;Choi, Eun Young;Hong, Yeon Hee;Bok, Jin Duck;Kim, Jae Yeong;Lee, Sang Suk;Choi, Yun Jaie;Choi, In Soon;Cho, Kwang Keun
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 2016
  • A gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean native goat (KNG) 40 that encodes an endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase, EG1, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) $DH5{\alpha}$. Recombinant plasmid DNA from a positive clone with a 3.2 kb insert hydrolyzing carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC) was designated as pDS3. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open-reading frame (ORF) was deduced. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 684 amino acids. The recombinant EG1 produced in E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring pDS3 was purified in one step using affinity chromatography on crystalline cellulose and characterized. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme revealed two protein bands of 57.1 and 54.1 kDa. The amino terminal sequences of these two bands matched those of the deduced ones, starting from residue 166 and 208, respectively. Putative signal sequences, a Shine.Dalgarno-type ribosomal binding site, and promoter sequences related to the consensus sequences were deduced. EG1 has a typical tripartite structure of cellulase, a catalytic domain, a serine-rich linker region, and a cellulose-binding domain. The optimal temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme was $55^{\circ}C$, but it retained over 90% of maximum activity in a broad temperature range ($40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$). The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0. Kinetic parameters, $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of rEG1 were 0.39% CMC and 143 U/mg, respectively.

Characterization of a New ${\beta}$-Lactamase Gene from Isolates of Vibrio spp. in Korea

  • Jun, Lyu-Jin;Kim, Jae-Hoon;Jin, Ji-Woong;Jeong, Hyun-Do
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.555-562
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    • 2012
  • PCR was performed to analyze the ${\beta}$-lactamase genes carried by ampicillin-resistant Vibrio spp. strains isolated from marine environments in Korea between 2006 and 2009. All 36 strains tested showed negative results in PCR with the primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of various known ${\beta}$-lactamase genes. This prompted us to screen new ${\beta}$-lactamase genes. A novel ${\beta}$-lactamase gene was cloned from Vibrio alginolyticus KV3 isolated from the aquaculture water of Geoje Island of Korea. The determined nucleotide sequence (VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase) revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 bp, encoding a protein of 283 amino acids (aa), which displayed low homology to any other ${\beta}$-lactamase genes reported in public databases. The deduced 283 aa sequence of VAK-3, consisting of a 19 aa signal peptide and a 264 aa mature protein, contained highly conserved peptide segments specific to class A ${\beta}$-lactamases including the specific amino acid residues STFK (62-65), SDN (122-124), E (158), and RTG (226-228). Results from PCR performed with primers specific to the VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase gene identified 3 of the 36 isolated strains as V. alginolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, indicating the utilization of various ${\beta}$-lactamase genes including unidentified ones in ampicillin-resistant Vibrio spp. strains from the marine environment. In a mating experiment, none of the isolates transfered the VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase gene to the Escherichia coli recipient. This lack of mobility, and the presence of a chromosomal acyl-CoA flanking sequence upstream of the VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase gene, led to the assumption that the location of this new ${\beta}$-lactamase gene was in the chromosome, rather than the mobile plasmid. Antibiotic susceptibility of VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase was indicated by elevated levels of resistance to penicillins, but not to cephalosporins in the wild type and E. coli harboring recombinant plasmid pKV-3, compared with those of the host strain alone. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VAK-3 ${\beta}$-lactamase is a new and separate member of class A ${\beta}$-lactamases.

참전복(Haliotis discus hannai)에서 분리한 peroxiredoxin 2 유전자의 분자생물학적 고찰 및 발현분석 (Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Peroxiredoxin 2 cDNA from Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai))

  • 문지영;박은희;공희정;김영옥;김동균;안철민;남보혜
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제24권12호
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    • pp.1291-1300
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구에서는 참전복(Haliotis discus hannai)의 대용량 염기서열 분석을 통해 peroxiredoxin (Prx) 2 유전자의 full length의 cDNA를 동정하였다. 참전복 Prx 2 유전자의 총 길이는 1,052 bp로 597 bp의 open reading frame는 총 199개의 아미노산을 코딩하고 있으며 분자량은 22 kDa, 등전점은 7.58로 예측되었다. 참전복 Prx 2 아미노산서 열에는 typical 2-Cys Prx의 특징을 갖는 motif와 효소활성에 중요한 cysteine잔기가 매우 보존되어 있었다. 참전복 Prx 2 아미노산 서열은 다른 종의 Prx 2와 64~99% 유사하였고, 특히 패류의 Prx 2와 가장 유사성이 높았다. 참전복 Prx 2 유전자의 mRNA는 관찰된 모든 조직에서 발현하고 있었으며, 특히 외투막, 아가미, 족부, 간췌장, 소화관에서 높은 발현이 확인되었다. 참전복의 Prx 2는 비브리오균으로 감염시킨 전복의 혈구세포에서 감염 후 1시간 째 발현이 증가했다가 서서히 감소하였고, 간췌장 조직에서는 감염 6시간 경과 후 발현 정도가 최고로 증가했다가 감소하였다. 따라서 typical 2-Cys Prx의 특징을 잘 보존되어 있는 참전복 Prx 2는 병원균 감염에 따른 산화스트레스 조절에 관여하는 인자로 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다.

한국연안 고주파 해양레이더망 운영과 활용 개관 (An Overview of Operations and Applications of HF Ocean Radar Networks in the Korean Coast)

  • 김호균;김정훈;손영태;이상호
    • 대한원격탐사학회지
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    • 제34권2_2호
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    • pp.351-375
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    • 2018
  • 본 논문은 고주파 해양레이더의 특징과 한국 연안해역에서 해양레이더망으로 생산된 주요 결과와 정보를 독자들에게 소개하고, 현존하는 레이더의 운영현황 목록을 만들며, 레이더 운영기술과 해류자료 활용에 관한 정보를 공유하고자 한다. 지난 20여년 동안 국내의 해양레이더 수는 현저히 증가하여 현재 44기 이상이 연안에 배치되어 있다. 대부분의 레이더는 주로 레이더 운영기관의 임무에 따라 해양안전, 조류예보 그리고 해류역학 이해를 목적으로 운영하고 있다. 논문 저자들은 본 논문이 해양레이더의 활용성을 조류와 해류역학 이해의 수준을 넘어서 어업, 해양레저활동, 해양자원 관리, 유류유출 대응, 연안환경 복원, 조난자 수색구조, 선박탐지 등으로 확장하는데 도움이 되기를 바란다. 이와 더불어 본 논문이 국가 해양레이더망 체계를 설립하여 해양영토 감시활동에 기여하고, 신호처리 기술을 포함한 국내 해양레이더 시스템을 개발하는데도 기여하기를 바란다.

Detection of Precise Crop Locations under Vinyl Mulch using Non-integral Moving Average Applied to Thermal Distribution

  • Cho, Yongjin;Yun, Yeji;Lee, Kyou-Seung;Lee, Dong-Hoon
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Damage to pulse crops by wild birds is a serious problem. The damage is to such an extent that the rate of damage during the period between seeding and cotyledon stages reaches 54.6% on an average. In this study, a crop-position detection method was developed wherein infrared (IR) sensors were used to determine the cotyledon position under a vinyl mulch. Methods: IR sensors that helped measure the temperature were used to locate the cotyledons below the vinyl mulch. A single IR sensor module was installed at three locations of the crops (peanut, red lettuce, and crown daisy) in the cotyledon stage. The representative thermal response of a $16{\times}4$ pixel area was detected using this sensor in the case where the distance from the target was 25 cm. A spatial image was applied to the two-dimensional temperature distribution using a non-integral moving-average method. The collected data were first processed by taking the moving average via interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the lowest for a resolution unit of 1.02 cm. Results: The temperature distribution was plotted corresponding to a distance of 10 cm between the crops. A clear leaf pattern of the crop was visually confirmed. However, the temperature distribution after the normalization was unclear. The image conversion and frequency-conversion graphs were obtained based on the moving average by averaging the points corresponding to a frequency of 40 Hz for 8 pixels. The most optimized resolutions at locations 1, 2, and 3 were found on 3.4, 4.1, and 5.6 Pixels, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, to solve the problem of damage caused by birds to crops in the cotyledon stage after seeding, the vinyl mulch is punched after seeding. The crops in the cotyledon stage could be accurately located using the proposed method. By conducting the experiments using the single IR sensor and a sliding mechanical device with the help of a non-integral interpolation method, the crops in the cotyledon stage could be precisely located.

이웃한 블록 내 화소 정보를 이용한 투표 결정 기반의 인트라 예측 모드 부호화 생략 방법 (Voting-based Intra Mode Bit Skip Using Pixel Information in Neighbor Blocks)

  • 김지언;조혜정;정세윤;이진호;오승준
    • 방송공학회논문지
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.498-512
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    • 2010
  • 인트라 프레임 부호화 기술은 임의 접근성과 에러 확산 방지에 용이하기 때문에 비디오 부호화 기술의 필수적인 기술로 자리 잡고 있다. 그러나 인터 부호화 기술에 비해 낮은 부호화 효율이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. H.264/AVC 인트라 부호화 방식은 기존 표준 방법들보다 부호화 효율을 크게 향상시켰지만 부호화 과정이 복잡하여 저 비트율 기반의 양방향 서비스에는 부적합하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 복호화기 측의 예측을 이용해 인트라 부호화 효율을 보다 향상시키며 부호화 시간을 단축시키는 V-IMBS (Voting-based Intra Mode Bit Skip)를 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 복호화기가 부호화기에서와 동일하게 최적의 인트라 예측 모드를 결정할 수 있으면 인트라 예측 모드를 전송하지 않는다. 그러나 최적의 인트라 예측 모드를 결정할 수 없을 경우에는 기존의 H.264/AVC 표준과 동일한 방식으로 인트라 예측 모드를 부호화하여 복호화기로 전송한다. V-IMBS는 H.264/AVC보다 시험 시퀀스에 대해 PSNR 값이 평균 약 0.24 dB 정도 향상되었고, 비트율도 평균 약 4.44% 정도 감소되었다. 또한 전체 부호화 시간도 평균 약 42.8% 정도 감소되었다.

Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Endoglucanase Gene egIV from Trichoderma viride AS 3.3711

  • Huang, Xiaomei;Fan, Jinxia;Yang, Qian;Chen, Xiuling;Liu, Zhihua;Wang, Yun;Wang, Daqing
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.390-399
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    • 2012
  • Endoglucanase gene egIV was cloned from Trichoderma viride AS 3.3711, an important cellulose-producing fungus, by using an RT-PCR protocol. The egIV cDNA is 1,297 bp in length and contains a 1,035 bp open reading frame encoding a 344 amino acid protein with an estimated molecular mass of 35.5 kDa and isoelectronic point (pI) of 5.29. The expression of gene egIV in T. viride AS 3.3711 could be induced by sucrose, corn straw, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or microcrystalline cellulose, but especially by CMC. The transcripts of egIV were regulated under these substrates, but the expression level of the egIV gene could be inhibited by glucose and fructose. Three recombinant vectors, pYES2-xegIV, $pYES2M{\alpha}$-egIV, and $pYES2M{\alpha}$-xegIV, were constructed to express the egIV gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae H158. The CMCase activity of yeast transformants $IpYES2M{\alpha}$-xegIV was higher than that of transformant IpYES2-xegIV or $IpYES2M{\alpha}$-egIV, with the highest activity of 0.13 U/ml at induction for 48 h, illustrating that the modified egIV gene could enhance CMCase activity and that $MF{\alpha}$ signal peptide from S. cerevisiae could regulate exogenous gene expression more effectively in S. cerevisiae. The recombinant EGIV enzyme was stable at pH 3.5 to 7.5 and temperature of $35^{\circ}C$ to $65^{\circ}C$. The optimal reaction condition for EGIV enzyme activity was at the temperature of $55^{\circ}C$, pH of 5.0, 0.75 mM $Ba^{2+}$, and using CMC as substrate. Under these conditions, the highest activity of EGIV enzyme in transformant $IpYES2M{\alpha}$-xegIV was 0.18 U/ml. These properties would provide technical parameters for utilizing cellulose in industrial bioethanol production.

선박-육지간 통신을 위한 실시간 H.264 to MPEG-2 트랜스코딩 (A Real-time H.264 to MPEG-2 Transcoding for Ship to Shore Communication)

  • 손남례;정민아;이성로
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.90-102
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    • 2011
  • 현재 위성방송을 통해 신호를 전송 또는 재전송하는 무선통신서비스를 이용하는 시청자 층은 다양하다. 하지만 방송국은 H.264표준으로 압축된 동영상들을 위성통신을 통하여 전송하기 때문에 H.264표준 디바이스를 갖추지 않는 선박은 실시간으로 데이터를 전송받지 못하는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 MPEG-2 표준 디바이스를 사용하고 있는 선박을 위하여 H.264 to MPEG-2 트랜스코딩 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 H.264 표준의 매크로블록모드의 특성을 분석하여 H.264 to MPEG-2 transcoding의 계산시간 및 화질을 개선한다. 첫째 H.264와 MPEG-2표준의 INTRA 모드 방법이 상이하므로 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 둘째 매크로블록모드가 INTER 모드인 경우에는 H.264표준의 가변블록 안에 존재하는 움직임 벡터의 방향성을 고려하여 새로운 예측움직임벡터 (PMV: predictor motion vector)를 제안한다. 이때 최종움직임벡터는 예측움직임벡터를 그대로 사용하거나, H.264표준의 매크로블록내에 존재하는 가변블록들의 움직임벡터들과 MPEG-2부호기(baseline)의 움직임벡터의 일치율을 비교하여 최종적으로 움직임벡터를 예측할 범위(window size)를 결정한다. 실험결과, 제안한 트랜스코딩방법의 PSNR은 MPEG-2 FSBMA와 거의 일치하고, 트랜스코딩에 필요한 계산시간은 평균적으로 각각 70% 또는 67% 감소하였다.