• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제5권2_3호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2005

The effective length method for flexural (column) buckling has been used for many decades but its use is somewhat limited in various contemporary design codes to moderately slender structures with elastic critical load factor (${\lambda}_{cr}$) less than 3 to 5. In pace with the use of higher grade steel in recent years, the influence of buckling in axial buckling resistance of a column becomes more important and the over-simplified assumption of effective length factor can lead to an unsafe, an uneconomical or a both unsafe and uneconomical solution when some members are over-designed while key elements are under-designed. Effective length should not normally be taken as the distance between nodes multiplied by an arbitrary factor like 0.85, 1.0, 2.0 etc. Further, the classification of non-sway and sway-sensitive frames makes the conventional design procedure tedious to use and, more importantly, limited to simple regular frames. This paper describes the practical use of second-order analysis with section capacity check allowing for $P-{\delta}$ and $P-{\Delta}$ effects together with member and system imperfections. Most commercial software considers only the $P-{\Delta}$ effect, but not member and frame imperfections nor $P-{\delta}$ effect, and engineers must be very careful in their uses. A verification problem is also given for validation of software for this type of powerful second-order analysis and design. It is a trend for popular and advanced national design codes in using the second-order analysis as a norm for analysis and design of steel structures while linear analysis may only be used in very simple structures.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objectives of this study are to review the issues surrounding trade secret claims in the Chemicals Control Act and Amendment on Occupational Safety and Health Act(1917-227) and to propose a way of improving the reliability of chemical information in MSDSs, labels and National Chemical Survey results. Materials: To review the issues on trade secret claims, we made an analysis frame which was divided into three steps: Value and Problem Recognition; New Regulation Design; and Enforcement and Amendment. We then compared Korean issues with issues from the United States' Hazard Communication Standard and Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act, Canada's Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System and Hazardous Materials Information Review Act and the European Union's Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and Mixtures. Results: The stage of right-to-know development in Korea has passed the Value and Problem Recognition phase, so efforts are needed to elaborately design new regulation. Conclusions: We recommend two ways to improve right-to-know in Korea. First, strict examination of the quality of documents for trade secret claims is very important. Second, trade secrets should be limited to less-hazardous substances.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.159-179
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to collect data for he improvement of the accuracy of upper garments construction of the old whose bodies have been changed due to their age. In this study the body measurements with 61 items were taken from 226 men(aged fro m 60 to 80) living in Seoul by the R. Martin's method in 1992. The data were calculate by computer and analyzed by the multivariate method, especially factor and cluster analysis. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The average stature of elderly males was 163.6cm, chest circumference 91.6cm, waist circumference 9\\85.5cm. hip circumference 92.8cm, neck circumference 37cm, arm length 55.4 cm, back length 42.6cm, shoulder breadth 42.9cm and the Roher's Index 1.39, which was a standard body shape. 2. The items of factor analysis were explained to seven, namely, the degree of fatness of the upper body, the size of the frame of body, the length of the upper body, the degree of curve of the front body, the size of shoulder, the shape of the back, and the slope of shoulder. 3. The body types of subjects were classified into four types. The majority was type 4, which was 67% of subjects and considered as balanced body type. The distinctive features of those types are as follows; Type 1. The subjects of this type had a slight skeletal structure and were the thinnest of all the subjects with thin and forward-bent arm. Type 2. The subjects of this type were the tallest of all the subjects. they had the straightest side of body and a well-developed upper arm. The thigh length of this type was longer than the length of trunk. Type. 3. The subjects of this type was only one, so ti could be excluded. Type 4. The subjects of this type had a long trunk, well-developed shoulder, and a crook in their neck and back. The arm length and thigh of this type were short and those circumferences were thick. Type 5. The subjects of this type were the shortest of all, but had the highest degree of fatness in the waist and abdominal. They had well-developed front muscles of body and projected hip.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-54
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• 2007

이 글은 2006 지방선거 시기의 여론조사의 경우를 중심으로 선거여론조사의 문제점과 개선방향을 살펴본 것이다. 여론조사방법의 문제점인 표집방법, 무응답자 분류방법 및 투표율 추정절차 등을 검토하였는데, 현재 사용되는 할당표집 및 그것의 보완방법으로 제시된 방안으로는 조사의 정확도 제고에 한계가 있다고 보고, 무선표집방안과 무선번호추출방안을 발전방안으로 제시했다. 또한 여론조사의 새로운 활용방식으로서 KBS에서 시도한 여론조사를 이용한 유권자 의제분석 과정도 살펴보았다. 이 글은 조사방법에 대한 새로운 발전이 필요하며, 이를 위해서는 표집을 비롯한 다양한 방법적인 개선과 함께 여론조사에 대한 비용산정 방식도 바뀔 필요가 있다고 보았다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2016

This study was to research and study whether the types of interaction design perform the effective functions and roles as the exhibition space that audiences want centered in the digital media exhibition space. It was to suggest effective space characteristics through analyzing how the interaction design was expressed at the exhibition space and its application. For the analysis, it completes theoretical inquiry on the classification of the space characteristics according to the concept type of interaction and design characteristics. Based on it, it directly visited the exhibition space that reflected the interaction design centered in Seoul City, experienced the given experience, and designed the analyzing frame by composing a checklist after the observation research. Through the designed analysis, it performed a site questionnaire to audiences. It induced the conclusion as follows after analyzing the case space that reflected the interaction design type. First, the program analysis of the space that has the variability is necessary through a variety of digital analysis as there is a limitation that the characteristic of digital media has. Second, in the concept type of the interaction design, it needs the interaction stage among people that can communicate with audiences and stimulate their senses through vidual factors. Third, in the characteristic of the interaction design, it should try to use effective contents to get over the limitation of the space through the interaction in the designated space in case of exhibition. In the following research, it needs to study on the variety of stage plans in detail by supplying contents to audiences and grafting to the exhibition space continuously through using the interaction design that uses digital media at there.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권7_8호
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• pp.773-779
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• 2003

얼굴 영역의 정확한 위치를 정확히 찾는 것은 얼굴 인식을 위한 핵심적인 전처리 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 조명조건, 표정, 배경의 변화에 무관하게 얼굴의 구성요소를 검출할 수 있는 강건한 기법을 제안한다. 수평 방향의 상대적으로 어두운 화소값을 갖는 눈썹, 눈, 입 둥과 같은 독립된 얼굴 요소를 검출하기 위해 형상 분해 국부 최적 임계치 기법을 적용하며 얼굴을 구성하는 간단한 기하학적 조건을 만족하는 얼굴 요소의 그룹을 검색함으로써 순수 얼굴영역을 검출한다. AR-face 데이타베이스의 영상에 적용한 결과, 두꺼운 안경테에 의해 눈썹이 가리워진 특수한 경우를 제외한 거의 모든 영상에 대해 정확한 얼굴 영역을 검출할 수 있었고, 얼굴의 대칭성을 이용해 회전과 이동 변화를 보상할 수 있으므로 강건한 얼굴 인식의 전처리 과정으로 사용할 수 있다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2014

A ${\beta}$-glucan synthase gene was isolated from the genomic DNA of polypore mushroom Sparassis crispa, which reportedly produces unusually high amount of soluble ${\beta}$-1,3-glucan (${\beta}$-glucan). Sequencing and subsequent open reading frame analysis of the isolated gene revealed that the gene (5,502 bp) consisted of 10 exons separated by nine introns. The predicted mRNA encoded a ${\beta}$-glucan synthase protein, consisting of 1,576 amino acid residues. Comparison of the predicted protein sequence with multiple fungal ${\beta}$-glucan synthases estimated that the isolated gene contained a complete N-terminus but was lacking approximately 70 amino acid residues in the C-terminus. Fungal ${\beta}$-glucan synthases are integral membrane proteins, containing the two catalytic and two transmembrane domains. The lacking C-terminal part of S. crispa ${\beta}$-glucan synthase was estimated to include catalytically insignificant transmembrane ${\alpha}$-helices and loops. Sequence analysis of 101 fungal ${\beta}$-glucan synthases, obtained from public databases, revealed that the ${\beta}$-glucan synthases with various fungal origins were categorized into corresponding fungal groups in the classification system. Interestingly, mushrooms belonging to the class Agaricomycetes were found to contain two distinct types (Type I and II) of ${\beta}$-glucan synthases with the type-specific sequence signatures in the loop regions. S. crispa ${\beta}$-glucan synthase in this study belonged to Type II family, meaning Type I ${\beta}$-glucan synthase is expected to be discovered in S. crispa. The high productivity of soluble ${\beta}$-glucan was not explained but detailed biochemical studies on the catalytic loop domain in the S. crispa ${\beta}$-glucan synthase will provide better explanations.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2001

본 논문은 용접이상을 검출하기 위한 특징벡터의 선택과 퍼지 기술을 사용한 용접이상 분류기의 설계 및 구현에 관한 것이다. 용접이상 특징 벡터로써 시간 영역에서 절대적분치, 영교차수를, 주파수 영역에서 파워 스펙트럼 계수를, 두 영역 모두를 고려하여 히스토그램을 비교하였다. 그래프 분석에 의하여 특징벡터로서 히스토그램을 선택하였고, 상대 히스토그램의 최대 빈도수와 대응 구간 값이 정상 용접과 용입불량을 구분하는 데 가장 유효하다는 것을 발견하였다. 이 특징 벡터를 사용하여 퍼지 용접이상 분류기를 구현하였고, 695개의 용접 데이터 프레임에 대하여 시험하여 정분류율이 92.96%을 보여, 그 유효성을 입증하였다. 실험실에서의 결과로써 실제적인 산업용 레이저 용접 검사기로써 상대적 히스토그램을 이용한 퍼지 용접이상 분류기가 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

알려지지 않은 불분명한 위협을 검출하는 내는 것은 모순이다. 존재하는 것이 알려지지 않았다면 어떻게 찾아 낼 것인가? 그것은 알려지지 알은 위험을 아주 짧은 시간 안에 위협을 정의(identification)을 할 수 있으면 가능 할 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 위험 검출 기법을 만들어 네트워크상의 알려지지 않은 위험에 대해 유연하게 대처할 수 있는 시스템 개발에 도움을 줄 수 있게 하기 위해 연구되었다. 이 시스템은 알려지지 않은 위험을 탐지하기 위하여 동적이고 유연한 상황 지식을 가진 로직을 가지고 시스템을 감시한다. 시스템은 새로운 위협의 검출뿐만 아니라 빠르고 효과적인 방법으로 위협에 대처할 수 있다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

음성 인식에서 기존의 음성 특징 추출 방법은 명확하지 않은 스레숄드 값으로 인해 부정확한 음성 인식률을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 음성과 비음성에 대한 특징 추출을 묵음 특징 정규화를 융합한 음성 인식 성능 향상을 위한 방법을 모델링 한다. 제안한 방법에서는 잡음의 영향을 최소화하여 모델을 구성하였고, 각 음성 프레임에 대해 음성 신호 특징을 추출하여 음성 인식 모델을 구성하였고, 이를 묵음 특징 정규화를 융합하여 에너지 스펙트럼을 엔트로피와 유사하게 표현하여 원래의 음성 신호를 생성하고 음성의 특징이 잡음을 적게 받도록 하였다. 셉스트럼에서 음성과 비음성 분류의 기준 값을 정하여 신호 대 잡음 비율이 낮은 신호에서 묵음 특징 정규화로 성능을 향상하였다. 논문에서 제시하는 방법의 성능 분석은 HMM과 CHMM을 비교하여 결과를 보였으며, 기존의 HMM과 CHMM을 비교한 결과 음성 종속 단계에서는 2.1%p의 인식률 향상이 있었으며, 음성 독립 단계에서는 0.7%p 만큼의 인식률 향상이 있었다.