• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.609-620
• /
• 2002

It is well known that during tensile testing, a part of the mechanical work done on the specimen is transformed into heat energy. However, the ultimate temperature rise and the rate of temperature rise is related to the nature of the material, conditions of the test and also to the deformation behaviour of the material during loading. The recent advances in infrared sensors and image/data processing techniques enable observation and quantitative analysis of the heat energy dissipated during such tensile tests. In this study, infrared imaging technique has been used to characterise the tensile deformation in AISI type 316 nuclear grade stainless steel. Apart from identifying the different stages during tensile deformation, the technique provided an accurate full-field temperature image by which the point and time of strain localization could be identified. The technique makes it possible to visualise the region of deformation and failure and also predict the exact region of fracture in advance. The effect of thermal gradients on plastic flow in the case of interrupted straining revealed that the interruption of strain and restraining at a lower strain rate not only delays the growth of the temperature gradient, but the temperature rise per unit strain decreases. The technique is a potential NDE tool that can be used for on-line detection of thermal gradients developed during extrusion and metal forming process which can be used for ensuring uniform distribution of plastic strain.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.681-688
• /
• 2019

SM45C steel, which is widely used for mechanical structure, was carburized at 870℃ for 4 hours and tempered at 300℃ and 400℃ for 1, 3 and 6 hours. The tempered materials were evaluated for tensile test, hardness test and impact test. In particular, the hardness and the absorption energy were evaluate the reliability by the Weibull statistical analysis. 300℃-1h specimen is considered to be the best heat treatment condition in the tensile stress and the observation of fracture surface. 300℃-1h specimen showed larger shape and scale parameter than the other specimens, and Rockwell hardness variance was small and showed the best characteristics. 400℃-3h specimen showed larger shape and scale parameter than the other specimens, the dispersion of impact absorption energy is small, and showed excellent characteristics.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제74권3호
• /
• pp.445-455
• /
• 2020

Shear lag phenomenon has long been taken into consideration in various structural codes; however, the AISC provisions have not proposed any specific equation to calculate the shear lag ratio in some cases such as fillet-welded connections of front-to-front double channel sections. Moreover, those equations and formulas proposed by structural codes are based on the studies that were conducted on riveted and bolted connections, and can be applied to single channel sections whilst using them for fillet-welded double channels would be extremely conservative due to the symmetrical shape and the fact that bending moments will not develop in the gusset plate, resulting in less stress concentration. Numerical models are used in the present study to focus on parametric investigation of the shear lag effect on fillet-welded tension connection of double channel section to a gusset plate. The connection length, the eccentricity of axial load, the free length and the thickness of gusset plate are considered as the key factors in this study. The results are then compared to the estimates driven from the AISC-LRFD provisions and alternative equations are proposed.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제4권5호
• /
• pp.590-599
• /
• 1994

취성재료의 균열첨단에서 전위의 이동에 대한 거동을 이해하기 위하여 단결정의 알루미나에 대한 취성-연성 전이(BDT)에 대한 한 연구가 진행되었다. 여러 온도에서, 예비균열된 시편으로 4점 굽힘시험을 이용하여 임계응력확대계수와 항복강도가 측정되었다. 그 결과로, BDT온도는 변형속도와 시편 방향에 따라 달랐다.:(1120)파단면에 대하여 $4.2 \times 10^{-6}$와 $4.2 \times 10^{-7}s^{-1}$에서 BDT온도는 각각$1034^{\circ}C$, $1150^{\circ}C$이었다. 또한 4점굽힘 시험을 이용하여 연성영역에서 균열첨단으로 부터 방출된 전위의 이동거리과 방향은 에칭 피트법에 의해서 측정되었다. 이중 에칭법을 이용하여 즉정된 사파이어에서 전위의 이동속도는 모델링 연구에 응용되었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
• /
• 제47권7호
• /
• pp.397-405
• /
• 2009

The high strain rate deformation behavior of ultra-fine grained 5083 aluminum alloys prepared via equal channel angular (ECA) extrusion was investigated in this study. The microstructure of ECA extruded specimens consisted of ultra-fine grains, and contained a considerable amount of second phase particles, which were fragmented and distributed homogeneously in the matrix. According to the dynamic torsion test results, the maximum shear stress and fracture shear strain of the route A (no rotation) specimen were lower than those of route C ($180^{\circ}$ rotation) specimen since that adiabatic shear bands of $100{\mu}m$ in width were formed in the route A specimen. The formation of adiabatic shear bands was addressed by concepts of critical shear strain, deformation energy required for void initiation, and microstructural homogeneity associated with ECA operations.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

The mobile elevated work platforms(MEWPs) consist of work platform, extending structure, and car, and it is a facility to move persons to working positions. MEWPs are useful but composed complex pieces of equipments, and accidents are caused by equipment defects. Among them, accidents caused by fracture of the bolts fixing the extension structure and the turntable are increasing. In this study, fatigue failure and fatigue life of a turntable fixing bolt subjected to irregular fatigue load were analyzed by FEA. For this purpose, finite element modeling is proposed and structural analysis and fatigue analysis are performed simultaneously for fixing bolts. As a result of the structural analysis, it was confirmed that there is no risk of permanent deformation because the maximum stress acting on the fixing bolt is lower than the yield strength, and fatigue analysis was confirmed that the fatigue life is less than the design standard. The fatigue analysis results of this study can be effectively used for the design and the documentary assessment of the safety certification of the MEWPs by examining the fatigue life of the turntable fixing bolt.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.793-813
• /
• 2015

Characterization of discontinuous media is an endeavor that poses great challenge to engineers in practice. Since the inherent defects in cracked domains can substantially influence material resistance and govern its behavior, a lot of work is dedicated to efficiently model such effects. In order to overcome difficulties of material instability problems, one needs to comprehensively represent the geometry of cracks along with their impact on the mechanical properties of the intact material. In the present study, stress-strain results from laboratory experiments on Inada granite was used to derive crack tensor as a tool for the evaluation of fractured domain stability. It was found that the formulations proposed earlier could satisfactorily be employed to attain crack tensor via the invariants of which judgment on cracks population and induced anisotropy is possible. The earlier criteria based on crack tensor analyses were reviewed and compared to the results of the current study. It is concluded that the geometrical parameters calculated using mechanical properties could confidently be used to judge the anisotropy as well as strength of the cracked domain.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.84-92
• /
• 2001

균열 개폐구 현상을 고려한 피로균열전파 해석 모델을 개발하였고, 그 내용은 동시 게재되는 김창욱등(2001)에서 상세히 기술하였다. 본 보에서는 전 보에서 개발한 전파모델의 변동하중 하에서의 거동을 검증하기 위하여 다양한 응력비 및 과대 및 과소 하중 이력 하의 유효응력 및 이에 기초한 균열전파수명을 계산하고, 이 계산 결과들을 이미 발표되어 있는 다른 논문들의 실험결과와 비교하였다. 계산결과들은 실험과 잘 일치하고 있었다.

• Metals and materials international
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.1412-1421
• /
• 2018

Cold-expanded austenitic high nitrogen steel (HNS) was subjected to investigate the effects of grain size on the stress-controlled high cycle fatigue (HCF) as well as the strain-controlled low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties. The austenitic HNSs with two different grain sizes (160 and $292{\mu}m$) were fabricated by the different hot forging strain. The fine-grained (FG) specimen exhibited longer LCF life and higher HCF limit than those of the coarse-grained (CG) specimen. Fatigue crack growth testing showed that crack propagation rate in the FG specimen was the same as that in the CG specimen, implying that crack propagation rate did not affect the discrepancy of LCF life and HCF limit between two cold-expanded HNSs. Therefore, it was estimated that superior LCF and HCF properties in the FG specimen resulted from the retardation of the fatigue crack initiation as compared with the CG specimen. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the effective grain size including twin boundaries are much finer in the FG specimen than that in the CG specimen, which can give favorable contributions to strengthening.

• Advances in materials Research
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a review study for energy-efficient gas turbines (GTs) with cycles which contributes significantly towards sustainable usage. Nonetheless, these progressive engines, operative at turbine inlet temperatures as high as $1600^{\circ}C$, require the employment of highly creep resistant materials for use in hotter section components of gas turbines like combustion chamber and blades. However, the gas turbine obtain its driving power by utilizing the energy of treated gases and air which is at piercing temperature and pushing by expanding through the several rings of steady and vibratory blades. Since the turbine blades works at very high temperature and pressure, high stress concentration are observed on the blades. With the increasing demand of service, to provide adequate efficiency and power within the optimized level, turbine blades are to be made of those materials which can withstand high thermal and working load condition for longer cycle time. This paper depicts the recent developments in the field of implementing the best suited materials for the GTs, selection of proper Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC), fracture analysis and experiments on failed or used turbine blades and several other designing and operating factors which are effecting the blade life and efficiency. It is revealed that Nickel based Superalloys were promising, Cast Iron with Zirconium and Pt-Al coatings are used as best TBC material, material defects are the foremost and prominent reason for blade failure.