• 제목/요약/키워드: Fracture elements

검색결과 283건 처리시간 0.023초

3차원 균열을 갖는 구조물에 대한 건전성 평가(II) (Integrity Evaluation for 3D Cracked Structures(II))

  • 이준성
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2013
  • 3차원 균열은 항공기나 압력용기 계통에서 흔히 발견되는 결함중의 하나이다. 균열을 갖는 구조물에 대한 정확한 응력확대계수 해석과 균열성장속도는 파괴강도와 피로수명을 평가하는데 필요로 한다. 3차원 유한요소법은 구조물에 존재하는 표면균열의 응력확대계수를 구하는데 이용되어 진다. 기하모델, 즉 균열을 포함하는 솔리드모델을 정의한 후, 절점이 버켓법에 의해 생성되어 진다. 요소생성은 사변형 솔리드요소를 데라우니 삼각화 기술에 의해 생성하도록 하였다. 시스템의 정확도와 효용성을 체크하기 위해 내압을 받는 원통형용기에 균열이 존재하는 경우의 응력확대계수 해석을 수행하였다. 개발된 시스템을 이용한 해석결과는 ASME 식과 Raju-Newnam식과 비교하여 5%이내의 차이를 보였다.

수술중 시행한 척수 조영술의 유용성 (The Usefulness of Intraoperative Myelography during Spinal Surgery)

  • 윤성훈;이진석;장하성;이형진;양지호;이일우;강준기
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제30권sup2호
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    • pp.322-327
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    • 2001
  • Objectives : There are many kinds of method to evaluate neural decompression during operation. They are direct visual and manual inspection, intraoperative ultrasound, endoscope, intraoperative computed tomography and intraoperative myelography. We used intraoperative myelography to evaluate the proper decompression of neural elements during the decompressive surgery. Methods : We injected 10-20cc of nonionic water-soluble contrast materials through direct puncture site of exposed dura during operation or lower lumbar level or lumbar drain inserted preoperatively. 12 patients were included in this study. They were 7 patients of centrally herniated lumbar disc disease, 1 patient of multiple lumbar spinal stenosis, 2 patients of thoracic extradural tumor and 2 cervical fracture & dislocations. Results : 5 of 12 patients showed remained neural compression through intraoperative myelography, so they were operated further through other approach. Myelographic dye is heavier than CSF, so the dependent side of subarachnoid space was visualized only. In one case, CSF leakage through hemovac was detected, but it was treated only bed rest for 5 days after hemovac removal. Conclusion :Intraoperative myelography is an effective method to evaluate neural decompression during spinal surgery. This technique is easy and familiar to us, neurosurgeons.

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Analysis of the mechanical properties and failure modes of rock masses with nonpersistent joint networks

  • Wu, Yongning;Zhao, Yang;Tang, Peng;Wang, Wenhai;Jiang, Lishuai
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.281-291
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    • 2022
  • Complex rock masses include various joint planes, bedding planes and other weak structural planes. The existence of these structural planes affects the mechanical properties, deformation rules and failure modes of jointed rock masses. To study the influence of the parameters of a nonpersistent joint network on the mechanical properties and failure modes of jointed rock masses, synthetic rock mass (SRM) technology based on discrete elements is introduced. The results show that as the size of the joints in the rock mass increases, the compressive strength and the discreteness of the rock mass first increase and then decrease. Among them, the joints that are characterized by "small but many" joints and "large and clustered" joints have the most significant impact on the strength of the rock mass. With the increase in joint density in the rock mass, the compressive strength of rock mass decreases monotonically, but the rate of decrease gradually decreases. With the increase in the joint dip angle in rock mass, the strength of the rock mass first decreases and then increases, forming a U-shaped change rule. In the analysis of the failure mode and deformation of a jointed rock mass, the type of plastic zone formed after rock mass failure is closely related to the macroscopic displacement deformation of the rock mass and the parameters of the joints, which generally shows that the location and density of the joints greatly affect the failure mode and displacement degree of the jointed rock mass. The instability mechanism of jointed surrounding rock is revealed.

Bond behavior between concrete and prefabricated Ultra High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) plates

  • Mansour, Walid;Sakr, Mohammed A.;Seleemah, Ayman A.;Tayeh, Bassam A.;Khalifa, Tarek M.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제81권3호
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    • pp.305-316
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    • 2022
  • Externally bonded ultrahigh performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is commonly used as a strengthening material for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This study reports the results of an experimental program investigating the bonding behavior between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates. The overall experimental program is consisting of five RC specimens, which are strengthened using the different lengths and widths of prefabricated UHPFRC plates. These specimens were analyzed using the pull-pull double-shear test. The performance of each strengthened specimen is presented, discussed and compared in terms of failure mode, maximum load, load-slip relationship, fracture energy and strain distribution. Specimen C-25-160-300 which bonded along the whole width of 160 mm recorded the highest maximum load (109.2 kN) among all the analysed specimens. Moreover, a 3D numerical finite element model (FEM) is proposed to simulate the bond behavior between concrete and UHPFRC plates. Moreover, this study reviews the analytical models that can predict the relationship between the maximum bond stress and slip for strengthened concrete elements. The proposed FEM is verified against the experimental program and then used to test 36 RC specimens strengthened with prefabricated UHPFRC plates with different concrete grades and UHPFRC plate widths. The obtained results together with the review of analytical models helped in the formation of a design equation for estimating the bond stress between concrete and prefabricated UHPFRC plates.

사출성형 섬유강화플라스틱 볼트 연결부의 강도 평가를 위한 실험적 연구 (An Experimental Study for the Strength Evaluation of Bolted Connection in Resin Transfer Molding Fiber Reinforced Polymeric Plastic)

  • 최진우;김선희
    • 도시과학
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2022
  • Resin Transfer Molding FRP (RTM FRP) is a fiber reinforced polymeric plastic which is manufactured by applying pressure to fibers, injecting resin into a mold, and then impregnating it. RTM FRP is a new construction material suitable for producing non-continuum structural elements such as sole plate because it has excellent strength and can produce many members in a short time. In this study, experiments were conducted to estimate the capacity of the bolted connection of RTM FRP. First, a tensile test was conducted to confirm the mechanical properties such as the tensile strength of the RTM FRP to be used for the bolted connection experiments. In addition, experiments were conducted on the bolted connection with the thickness of the RTM FRP and the edge distance of the bolt as variables. In the first experiment, F4.8 bolts were used, and shear failure of the bolt occurred before the RTM FRPs were failed. The F4.8 bolt is a general structural bolts used for the sole plate of a bridge bearing, and it was confirmed that the RTM FRP has a higher bold bearing strength than the shear strength of a F4.8 bolt. In the second experiment, G12.9 bolts were used, and shear failure of the bolt and bearing failure of the RTM FRP occurred simultaneously. In addition, as the thickness of the RTM FRP and the edge length of the bolt increased, the strength of the joint increased. When analogized with the bearing fracture equation of steel plate, the bolted connection of RTM FRP showed a bearing strength coefficient of 0.420 to 0.549 compared to the tensile strength, and it is considered that further research is needed.

Experimental study on the shear failure model for concrete under compression-shear loading

  • Shu, Xiaojuan;Luo, Yili;Zhao, Chao;Dai, Zhicheng;Zhong, Xingu;Zhang, Tianyu
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2022
  • The influence of normal stress perpendicular to the potential shear plane was always neglected in existing researches, which may lead to a serious deviation of the shear strength of concrete members in practice designs and numerical analyses. In this study, a series of experimental studies are carried out in this paper, which serves to investigate the shear behavior of concrete under compression shear loading. Based on the test results, a three-phase shear failure model for cohesive elements are developed, which is able to take into consideration the influence of normal stress on the shear strength of concrete. To identify the accuracy and applicability of the proposed model, numerical models of a double-noted concrete plate are developed and compared with experimental results. Results show that the proposed constitutive model is able to take into consideration the influence of normal stress on the shear strength of concrete materials, and is effective and accurate for describing the complex fracture of concrete, especially the failure modes under compression shear loadings.

웅천천 유역에 나타나는 지형선구조의 구조지형학적 특성 (Charateristics of Morphological Lineament in Woongcheon River-basin and its Morphotectonic Significance)

  • 민석규;기근도
    • 한국지형학회지
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.261-270
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    • 2011
  • 연구지역인 웅천천 유역은 차령산지의 남서쪽 말단부에 위치하여 황해와 맞닿아 있다. 본 연구는 지형 규모의 연계성 차원에서 차령산지에 발달한 지형선구조 체계가 국지적 시야의 연구지역 지형경관에 나타나는 바를 확인하여 기술·설명하고자 한다. 연구지역에서 확인되는 주요 지형선구조는 NE-SW, NNE-SSW, NNW-SSE, N-S, E-W 등의 방향이며, 그 중 NNE-SSW, NE-SW방향 선구조가 지형경관에 가장 뚜렷하게 반영되어 인식할 수 있다. 주요 산체와 곡지는 NNE-SSW 방향성을 지니며, NE-SW방향의 선구조 곡지는 비교적 규모가 크고, 저기복 구릉, 산록단구, 하안단구, 범람원 등의 다양한 지형요소가 발달하는 곳이 많다. 반면 NNW-SSE, N-S, E-W 방향 선구조 곡지는 대체로 좁고 깊지 않은 곡지로 나타나지만 선구조는 선명하게 유지하고 있다. 또한 연구지역의 선구조 곡지의 규모와 곡지를 흐르는 하천 차수 간에는 상관성이 없다.

가공의치(架工義齒) 납착부(蠟着部)의 강도(强度)와 내부구조(內部構造)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) (An experimental study of the strength and internal structure of solder joint of fixed partial denture)

  • 박상남;계기성
    • 대한치과보철학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.39-59
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    • 1985
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate how gap distances of 0.13mm, 0.15mm, 0.20mm, and 0.30mm affects solder joint strength from gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys and to examine the composition of solder gold, the solder joint of gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys. The tensile test specimens were prepared in the split stainless steel mold with a half dumbbell shape 2.5mm in diameter and l2mm in length. 6 pairs of specimens of each gap distance group of gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys were made and 48 pairs of all specimens were soldered with solder gold of 666 fineness. All soldered specimens were machined to a uniform diameter and then a tensile load was applied at a cross-head speed of 0.10mm/min using Instron Universal Testing Machine, Model 1115. The fractured specimens at solder gold of solder joint fracture with each gap distance of 0.13mm, 0.15mm, 0.20mm, and 0.30mm were examined under the Scanning Electron Microscope, JSM-35c and the composition of solder gold, the solder joint of gold alloys and nickel-chromium base alloys was analyzed by Electron Probe Micro Analyzer. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In case of soldering of gold alloys, the tensile strength between gold alloys showed $37.33{\pm}2.52kg/mm^2$ at 0.13, $39.14{\pm}3.35kg/mm^2$ at 0.15mm, $43.76{\pm}2.97kg/mm^2$ at 0.20mm, and $49.18{\pm}4.60kg/mm^2$ at 0.30mm. There was statistically significant difference at each gap distance, and so the greater increase of gap distance showed the greater tensile strength. 2. In case of soldering of nickel-chromium base alloys, the tensile strength between nickel-chromium base alloys showed $34.84{\pm}4.26kg/mm^2$ at 0.13mm, $37.25{\pm}2.49kg/mm^2$ at 0.15mm, $42.91{\pm}4.32kg/mm^2$ at 0.20mm, and $46.93{\pm}4.21kg/mm^2$ at 0.30mm. There was not statistically significant difference only between 0.13mm and 0.15mm and bet ween 0.20 mm and 0.30mm, but generally the greater increase of gap distance showed the greater tensile strength. 3. The greater increase of gap distance shoed less porosities in solder gold at solder joint fracture. 4. In solder gold Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, and Sn were composed and Au and Cu were mostly distributed uniformly. 5. In solder joints of solder gold and gold alloys Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, and Sn were composed in solder gold and Au, Cu, Ag, Pt, and Pd were composed in gold alloys. Au and Cu of solder gold and gold alloys were mostly distributed uniformly and the diffusion of other elements except Pt and Pd around the solder joint was not almost found. In solder joints of solder gold and nickel-chromium base alloys Au, Cu, Ag, Zn, and Sn were composed in solder gold and Ni, Cr, and Al were composed in nickel-chromium base alloys. Au and Cu of solder gold and Ni and Cr of nickel-chromium base alloys were mostly distributed uniformly and the diffusion of other elements except Cr around the solder joint was not almost found.

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트렌치에서의 단열분석을 통해 도출한 단열발달사 및 고응력 해석: 울산 신암리의 예 (Interpretation of Deformation History and Paleostress Based on Fracture Analysis Exposed in a Trench)

  • 권세현;김영석
    • 지질공학
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.33-49
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    • 2016
  • 연구지역인 울산시 신암리 지역은 각섬석화강암을 기반암으로 하여 이를 관입하고 있는 규장질 및 고철질 암맥, 열수주입과 관련된 석영맥 그리고 단층파쇄대가 형성되어 있다. 이 지역에는 역학적으로 균질한 화강암이 우세하게 발달하는 지역이지만 지역적으로 발달한 암맥의 영향으로 불연속면을 형성하여 지반의 불안정과 단층의 재활을 유도하였다. 이러한 화강암 내 불연속면에 집중된 응력의 특성을 해석하기 위하여 우리는 N-S방향으로 트렌치를 개설하였고, 이를 통해 노출된 지질구조요소들을 활용하여 단열발달사 및 이와 관련된 고응력 방향을 추론하기 위하여 기하학적 및 운동학적 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 연구지역에 발달하는 단열들 간의 상호절단관계와 인접한 지역에서 수행된 선행연구들을 토대로 구조변형사를 수립하였으며, 단열발달 시 작용한 고응력 방향을 유추하여 최대수평주응력(σHmax)과 최소수평주응력(σHmin)으로 나타내었다. 단열분석 결과 (1) 기반암인 각섬석화강암 관입 이후 적어도 NNE-SSW, ENE-WSW, E-W, WNW-ESE 방향의 단열들이 존재하였을 것으로 추정되며, 이후 (2) NNE 내지 N-S 방향의 σHmax/E-W 방향의 σHmin 하에서 NNE-SSW 및 E-W방향의 규장질 암맥이 관입하고, (3) E-W 내지 ENE-WSW 방향의 σHmax/N-S 내지 NNW-SSE 방향의 σHmin 하에서 E-W 내지 ENE-WSW 방향의 고철질 암맥이 관입하였으며, (4) E-W 내지 WNW-ESE 방향의 σHmax/N-S 내지 NNE-SSW 방향의 σHmin 하에서 열수주입과 관련된 석영맥들의 발달, ENE-WSW 방향의 주단층 우수향 운동이 있었고, (5) NNE-SSW 내지 NE-SW 방향의 σHmax/WNWESE 내지 NW-SE 방향에서 작용하는 σHmin 하에서 E-W 주향의 열수관련 석영맥 좌수향 재활과 ENE-WSW 방향 주단층의 정이동성 좌수향 재활운동이 있었고, 최종적으로 (6) NW-SE 방향의 σHmax/NE-SW 방향의 σHmin 하에서 ENE-WSW 방향의 주단층은 역이동성 우수향 재활을 겪은 것으로 해석되었다. 단열발달사 및 고응력장 복원결과는 기존에 제시된 포항-울산 지괴내의 신생대 지구조운동사와 잘 대비된다. 이는 양산단층과 울산단층으로 경계된 울산단층의 남쪽 지역이 신생대에 포항-울산 지괴와 유사한 지구조 운동을 겪었음을 시사한다. 이러한 연구결과는 본 연구지역과 인접한 주요 시설물의 안정성 평가 및 차후의 지진재해 대책을 수립하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

신보광산 주변지역의 지질구조와 우라늄 지화학 이상대 (Geological Structures and Geochemical Uranium Anormal Zone Around the Shinbo Mine, Korea)

  • 강지훈;이덕선
    • 자원환경지질
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.31-40
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문은 전라북도 진안군 신보광산의 동부지역에서 고품위 우라늄 지화학 이상대와 지질구조 사이의 상관관계를 규명하고 지하수 흐름에 대한 기본적인 정보를 제공하기 위해 암상구분에 의한 상세한 지질도를 작성하고 이들 구성암류에 발달하는 연성 및 취성 구조요소의 특성을 파악하였다. 그 결과, 이 지역은 주로 동북동-서남서 방향으로 대상 분포를 보이는 선캠브리아기 규암, 변성이질암, 변성사질암과 이를 관입하는 시대미상의 페그마타이트와 백악기 반암류 등으로 구분되고, 추정과 달리 이들 암상을 부정합으로 피복하는 백악기 진안층군은 관찰되지 않았다. 선캠브리아기 변성퇴적암류의 주요 연성 변형구조는 적어도 세 번의 변형단계 [동북동 방향성의 광역엽리 (D1) -> 동북동 내지 동서 방향성의 파랑엽리 (D2) -> 서북서 내지 동서 방향성의 개방, 밀착, 킹크 습곡 (D3)]를 걸쳐 형성되었고, S1 광역엽리의 방향성은 선캠브리아기 변성퇴적암류의 대상 분포 방향과 유사한 동북동 주향에 남쪽으로 경사하는 것이 우세하게 나타난다. 지하수의 유동과 밀접한 관련성 있는 취성 고각 단열 (경사각${\geq}45^{\circ}$)의 방향성[동북동 (출현빈도: 24.3%), 남북 (23.9%), (북)북서 (18.8%), 서북서 (16.9%), 북동 (16.1%) 단열조 순]은 변성퇴적암류의 대상 분포 방향성 및 S1 광역엽리의 우세 방향성과 일치하는 동북동 주향에 남쪽으로 경사하는 것이 가장 우세하게 나타나고 남북 주향에 동서 방향으로 경사하는 것이 다음으로 우세하게 나타난다. 상기된 선캠브리아 변성퇴적암류의 대상 분포 방향성과 S1 광역엽리 및 고각 단열의 우세 방향성 등으로부터 신보광산과 그 동부지역의 우라늄 지화학 이상대의 형성요인을 고찰해 볼 때 이들 지역에서 기대되는 우라늄의 초생적인 근원암은 기존연구 결과와 같이 페그마타이트이며 광산지역의 우라늄 지화학 이상대는 이를 대수층으로 하는 지하수가 광산지역으로 통과하면서 이차적으로 부화되었을 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.