• 열처리공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.302-317
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• 1995

After initial structure of AISI 9260 steel is changed into pearlite and martensite, one is isothermally annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ below of $A_1$ transformation point and the other is isothermally annealed at the same condition after 3 cycles of heating and cooling between $680^{\circ}C$ and $780^{\circ}C$ of $A_1$ transformation point. Analyzing the changes of microstructure, mechanical properties and fractography of tension test, we obtained result as follows. The fastest spheroidization rate by changes of initial structure and heat treatment cycles is appeared at the heat treatment cycle which is isothermally annealed after 3 cycles of heating and cooling at below and above $A_1$ transformation point for martensite. At the above condition, the perfect spheroidization structure is appeared after 60hrs and after then, globular carbide is being coarsened. The mean diameter of globular carbide is $2.4{\times}10^{-3}mm$ after 90hrs. The changes of tension strength during spheroidization heat treatment follows Orwan function, ${\sigma}_o={\sigma}_i+Gb/l$, where l is interspacing of carbide particles and at the above condition, ${\sigma}_o=70.48+2.5{\times}10^{-3}/l(kg/mm^2)$. Fractography of fracture of spheroidization structure in tension test is appeared as dimple which is ductile rupture type by nucleation and growth of void, size of dimple is larger and deeper with increasing of heat treatment time.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2003

In this study the new creep test using miniaturized specimen(10${\times}$10${\times}$0.5 ㎣) was performed to evaluate the creep characteristics for degraded materials of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel. For this creep test, the artificially aged materials for 330 hrs and 1820hrs at $630^{\circ}C$ were used. The test temperatures applied for the creep deformation of miniaturized specimens was X$630^{\circ}C$ and the applied loads were between 45 kg∼80 kg. After creep test, macro- and microscopic observation were conducted by the scanning electron microscope(SEM). The creep curves depended definitely on applied load and microstructure and showed the three stages of creep behavior like uniaxial tensile creep curves. The load exponents of virgin, 330 hrs and 1820 hrs materials based on creep rate showed 14.8, 9.5 and 8.3 at $550^{\circ}C$ respectively, The 1820 hrs material showed the lowest load exponent and this behavior was also observed in the case of load exponent based on creep rupture time. In contrast to virgin material which exhibited fined dimple fractography, a lot of carbides like net structure and voids were observed on the fractography of degraded materials.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2011

대기오염 등 환경에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 경유차 배출 가스 저감을 위한 최적의 대안으로 최근 세계적으로 천연가스차량의 보급이 크게 확대되고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 추세에도 불구하고 그 안전성에 대해서는 많은 논란을 불러 일으키고 있으며 최근 그 이용에 따른 안전사고 또한 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 천연가스버스 압력용기 파열 사고는 대중들이 많이 이용한다는 점에서 대형참사로 이어질 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있어 그 심각성은 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 이에 법공학적인 측면에서 좀 더 전문화되고 체계적인 사고조사와 원인 규명을 통해서 사전에 예방대책을 마련함으로써 유사 및 동종재해의 발생을 최소화해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 구조해석을 통한 용기의 설계 검증과 용기의 파손형태 검사 및 재료 물성평가 등을 통해 용기파손에 의한 CNG 차량 폭발 사고에 관한 정확한 사고 원인을 규명함으로써 동일 형태의 차량 안전사고 예방에 기여하고자 한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1727-1732
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• 2010

고소작업차는 최근 건물이 초고층화됨에 따라 그 필요성이 더욱 커지고 있으나 그 이용에 따른 사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 고소작업차 붐대 및 유압기기를 구성하는 부품 손상은 탑승인원이 많은 경우 다수의 피해자가 추락으로 인해 사망에 이를 수 있다는 점에서 큰 문제를 안고 있으며 또한 유사 사고가 다시 발생할 수 있는 점이 내재되어 있어 그 심각성은 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 이에 법공학적인 측면에서 좀 더 전문화되고 체계적인 사고조사와 원인 규명을 통해서 사전에 예방대책을 마련함으로써 유사 및 동종재해의 발생을 최소화해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 파단면 검사를 통한 부품 파손형태 검사 및 재료 물성평가 등을 통해 기계부품 파손에 의한 추락 사고에 관한 정확한 사고 원인을 규명함으로써 동일 형태의 안전사고 예방에 기여하고자 한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2010

차량화재는 엔진과열, 이상연료 주입, 냉각수 부재 등 다양한 원인에 의해 발생할 수 있고 발생 후 연소시간이 매우 짧아 전소 후에야 소화되는 특징을 가진다. 이러한 차량화재는 인명손실보다는 화재확대로 인해 발생장소에 따라 큰 물적 피해를 가져올 수 있어 정확한 원인규명이 이루어져야 책임소재에 관한 분쟁 및 제조사 품질 등의 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 특히 기계부품 파손으로 차량화재가 발생한 경우는 제조사의 생산품 전반에 걸친 품질 및 차량 안전성 문제와 관련이 있으므로 유사 사고가 다시 발생할 수 있는 점이 내재되어 있어 그 심각성은 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 차량 부품의 파손형태 검사 및 재료 물성평가 등을 통해 부품파손에 의한 차량화재 사고에 대한 정확한 원인을 규명함으로써 동일 형태의 차량 안전사고 예방에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1997년도 Proceedings of the 12th KACG Technical Meeting and the 4th Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.247-251
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• 1997

GaN films were grown on three differently oriented sapphire substates; (0001), (11-20), and (1-20). GaN films on the (0001) and (11-20) substates have a haxagonal structure and their growth rate was 0.6 $\mu\textrm{m}$/hr in both case. The film on the (1-102) substrate was too thin to identify its crystalline state. Growth rate was about the half of the others. Substrate orientation is one of the factor determining growth rate. The adhesion between GaN film and alumina substrate seems to be very good judging from the fractography.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.17-36
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• 1987

In this experimental research, fracture mechanisms of spheroidal graphite cast iron (As Cast, annealed and normalized) were investigated by using Acoustic Emission (AE) technique. In this study, the data (AE signal) are digitized and processed with the 8 bits micro-computer (APPLE II) connected to the AE measuring device without data processing unit. The source of AE signal was estimated by fractography analysis. The results obtained in this experimental study are summarized as follows : For the heterogeneous materials (spheroidal graphite cast iron) with inclusions which may considered as cracks, it is found that low and high AE amplitude appear simultaneously and the load is found to be fluctuated in the final stage of deformation. But the lad is not fluctuated in tension test with low AE amplitude only. AE is measured within elastic region and it is confirmed that 0.2% offset yield load agrees approximately with the load point where AE counts decrease steeply after the point of maximum AE counts.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.600-611
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• 1994

The purpose of this research is to propose a model for the prediction of residual strength. For this purpose, two-paremeter model based on Caprino's is developed and formulated by the ratio of indentation due to impact and normalized residual strength. The damage zone is considered only as an indentation. Impact tests are carried out on laminated composites by steel balls. Test material is carbon/epoxy laminate. The specimens are composed of $[{\pm}45^{\circ}/0^{\circ}/90^{\circ}]_2$ and $[\pm}45^{\circ}]_4$ stacking sequence and have $0.75^T{\times}0.26^W{\times}100^L(mm) dimension. A proposed model shows a good correlation with the experimental results And failure mechanism due to high impact velocity is discussed on CFRP laminates to examine the initiation and development of damage by fractography and ultrasonic image ststem. The effect of the unidirectional ply position on the residual strength is considered here.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2009

The crack in a J85 engine V.G. actuator arm shaft for a bell crank on the engine compressor was investigated. The crack was observed in twenty two shafts during the inspection of 238 shafts. The failure analysis of shaft cracks was performed by chemical composition analysis using ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma) and by fracture surface and microstructure analysis using FE-SEM and optical microscope. The crack initiated from the top and bottom and propagated to the center along the grain boundaries. From the chemical composition analysis, the fractography of the fracture surface and the microstructure, it was found that the failure mechanism of the shafts is the inclusion-related intergranular decohesion crack. The inclusion was found out from MnS particle by EDS(Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy). The crack initiated MnS inclusion in the grain boundary and propagated with the increase of applied shear stress during long operation. In order to prevent the fracture, NDI(Nondestructive inspection) is needed periodically as recommended.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.645-654
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• 1989

Specimens of WC-Co were indented to measure the resulting crack size and unindented samples were fractured in 3-point flexure to obtain the strength and to measure characteristic features on the fracture surface. Fracture toughness was determined using fractography and compared to those determined using identation techniques. We show that principles of fracture mechanics can be applied WC-Co composites and can be used to analyze the fracture process. The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Characteristic feature observed in glasses, single crystals and polycrystalline materials known as mirror, mist, hackle, and crack branching were identified for these composites. We discuss the importance of fracture surface analysis in determining the failure-initiating sources and the failure behaviorof WC-Co composites.