• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2018

Objectives : The climate changes in the natural realm displays pheonomena of excess and deficiency due to the principle of Yiyinyiyangzhiweidao. Here, overabundant qi arises due to the works of multiplication and insultation. When this overabundant qi is in force, the retaliating qi appears without fail to create a parallel. This is the Autonomous Equilibrium Mechanism found in the natural world. Studying this mechanism is deeply significant in understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Methods : The paper is written by reviewing the texts found in Huangdineijing's Chapters of Yunqi, which are $Q{\grave{i}}jiaobiandalun$, Wuchangzhengdalun, $Liuyuanzhengj{\grave{i}}dalun$, Zhizhenyaodalun, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : The overabundance and retaliation in Five Circuits take the form of the restrained child of the Five Circuits takes revenge on the overabundant qi on behalf of his mother. The overabundance and retaliation in Six Qi take the form of rapid healing of Benqi which was in stagnation. Traditionally, overabundant qi is the only one in existence when the Five Circuits are in excess and the year of Hai yin wu wei you xu's regular transformation. During this time, retaliating qi does not exist. When Five Circuits are in deficiency and in the year of Si shen zi chou mao chen's pattern transformation, both the overabundant and deficiency qis exist. However, regardless of regular transformation or pattern transformation, overabundant qi and retaliating qi cannot exist at the same time. This seems to be the rational conclusion. There are some regulations that overabundance and retaliation follow. First, the strong and weak, and number of days coincide. Second, overabundance qi appear during the first half of the period when the qi of controling heaven is in place. During the later half of the period when the qi of terrestrial effect is in force, retaliation qi is the one that appears. Third, overabundance and retaliation does not end with one time. Rather, they will continue to repeat appearance and disappearance without any set pattern. Fourth, the overabundance and retaliation of the guest qi and dominant qi only has overabundance and no retaliation.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-169
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• 2017

In this paper, we analyze the basic research system in South Korea. We propose a national basic research system consisting of value, openness, input, transformation, and output. Based on this framework, we set up interview questionnaires, and 15 key informants have been interviewed. According to our results, first, in terms of value, basic research is recognized as an activity for creating knowledge in the understanding of nature. Second, as for openness, scientists and policy experts agree that active interaction with the global community is an important value for the national research system. Third, in terms of sustainable research resources, scientists are strongly required to effectively allocate research funding, maximizing the creativity of researchers and the efficient sharing of research equipment. Fourth, in transformation, basic researchers maintain that the Korean research system has is extremly dependent on the government's external control, and its self-regulative system has been weak for over half century onw. Fifth, for global competitiveness, the interviewees agreed that the quality of basic research in Korea is approaching that of its global competitors. Finally, we put forward some policy implications on the basis of these findings.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.127-144
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to find out the symbol of clothing decorations in Elsa Schiaparalli's design works and there are four major points due to the aim of this study. Firstly, a fantasy is represented through Surrealistic Arts which creates mysterious, secrete, and surprising spirits. In Surrealistic Arts, the fashion of schiaparelli demonstrates a fantasy spirit by using the methods like metaphor, transformation, and re-positioning. Secondly, In Surrealistic paintings, normally double image or different image from symbol immanent were expressed. However, Elsa Schiaparelli used double and multi-image decorations instead that has well-organized formative effect. The mixture of double images can be separated as symbolic mixture, design mixture and expressive mixture. Thirdly, the body parts has represented symbolism and sensuality in Surrealism Arts. Elsa Schiaparelli has demonstrated the expression of modern clothing as passionate, desirable, and powerful. This is the reason why her designs were absolutely different from the previous sihouette-focused clothing. Fourth, there are lots of intentional decoration that are different from actual images, such as transformation, exaggeration, minimization and repettion, as well as, re-location, re-arrangement, line-up arrangement, collage and odd materials.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.9
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• pp.1303-1309
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• 2018

In the present paper, we study the entropy analysis of boundary layer flow over a slender stretching sheet under the action of a non uniform magnetic field that is acting perpendicular to the flow direction. The effects of viscous dissipation and Joule heating are included in the energy equation. Using similarity transformation technique the momentum and thermal boundary layer equations to a system of nonlinear differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained using the shooting and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The expressions for the entropy generation number and Bejan number are also obtained using a suggested similarity transformation. The main objective of this article is to investigate the effects of different governing parameters such as the magnetic parameter ($M^2$), Prandtl number (Pr), Eckert number (Ec), velocity index parameter (m), wall thickness parameter (${\alpha}$), temperature difference parameter (${\Omega}$), entropy generation number (Ns) and Bejan number (Be). All these effects are portrayed graphically and discussed in detail. The analysis reveals that entropy generation reduces with decreasing wall thickness parameter and increasing temperature difference between the stretching sheet and the fluid outside the boundary layer. The viscous and magnetic irreversibilities are dominant in the vicinity of the stretching surface.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.59-79
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• 2022

Objectives : Huangyuanyu's interpretation of the six channel diseases of the Shanghanlun were examined based on contents on the six channel qi metabolism theory in his works, Shanghanxuanjie, Shanghanshuoyi, and Sishengxinyuan. Methods : Contents related to the six channel qi metabolism theory in the Shanghanxuanjie, Shanghanshuoyi, and Sishengxinyuan were extracted and examined to identify a fundamental principle from the perspective of the six channel qi metabolism theory. Characteristics of each of the six channel diseases were organized. Results : Huang's understanding of the six channel diseases in the Shanghanlun could be summarized by the six channel. Its features could be explained as following. First, in examining the principles of the controlling qi[司氣] and constitutionally influenced transformation[從化], the rise and fall of the body's yang qi was emphasized. Second, center qi[中氣] was considered important, the taiyin Spleen being the key to life and death. Third, the pathology of 'earth dampness/water cold/wood stagnation' due to weakness of the center qi was suggested. Fourth, the principle of boosting-yang-suppressing-yin was emphasized in treatment, with criticism of the nurturing-yin-extinguishing-fire method. Conclusions : In understanding the six channel diseases in the Shanghanlun, Huangyuanyu focused on the body's yang qi and center qi based on key theories such as the 'five circuits and six qi' and 'six channel qi metabolism' theories. His perspective could be helpful in understanding Zhangzhongjing's work more comprehensively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.309-316
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• 2022

In 2011, the 4^th industrial revolution officially occurred and developed in most countries. The fourth industrial revolution has given organizations numerous business opportunities, enabling them to optimize their manufacturing processes, cut costs, and thereby improve their operations. The development of enterprises is a decisive factor in increasing national productivity, thereby improving economic growth and per capita income. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the digital transformation plan and apply science and technology to domestic enterprises and improve the operational efficiency of the economy. Research on small and medium enterprises in Hanoi, Vietnam, which is considered a successful country in economic development and digital transformation and has become a middle-income economy and a highly open economy, the research results suggest that the ability to apply technology in businesses is capable of improving corporate financial performance. The choice of capital structure favoring debt has a negative effect on the financial performance of the enterprise; that is, enterprises in Vietnam should limit the choice of financing investment projects with debt, on the contrary, enterprises should choose to finance with equity. Finally, the study also discusses managerial implications for improving business performance in the context of the rapidly evolving 4.0 technology revolution.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.299-310
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• 2022

Environmental protection has been infused into the development of numerous fields by the Chinese government. The government's implementation of green development has also shifted its focus to green transformation and governance of highpolluting companies. In the context of green and sustainable development, this study employs DEA data envelopment analysis to compare the operating efficiency of listed firms that implemented Green Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) in China in 2018. The conclusions of this study are as follows: First, China's green M&A enterprises are unevenly dispersed among the country's east, middle, and western regions. Second, compared to before the implementation of Green M&A, operational efficiency has improved in most industries. Third, the difference in Green M&A across industries is generally favorable, showing that most organizations have improved their operational performance as a result of Green M&A implementation. In 2018, however, the gap in operating efficiency is more negative. Fourth, whereas the eastern and western areas' operational efficiency has improved as a result of Green M&A, the central region's has not. Based on this conclusion, this study makes recommendations for China's future sustainable development of heavily polluted firms.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

This study notices that all religions in Central Asia from the fourth century through seventh century C.E. provided considerable hands in keeping a uniform unity through a process of assimilation, although art and architecture were greatly stimulated by the creative genius of the many people. The study thus intends to argue that the common ideas of rituals and primitive forms of religious shrines lead the square-based layout of Buddhist shrines the unity and universality in the architectural products of particular regions or epochs: i.e. the "square-based plan" in Buddhist temples of Central Asia was a significant prototype in the synthesis with pre-Buddhist architectural models and Buddhist universal ideas. Thus, this thesis notes that they did not lose the universal principles of the Buddhist shrine plans due to ritual functions, and even there have been never differences from pre-Buddhist building models remarked by the periods and the venues in which they were produced, although there had been continuous evolutions and adaptive transformations in the local tastes of religious architecture. Accordingly, this study discusses how such plans in Buddhist architecture had been consistently produced within that regional style also representative of the local idioms of architecture, and how they were adopted in the sites, founded on the composition of ritual functions. The foreign architectural cultures were selectively chosen getting along with local building types of each site according to each taste for architecture as a result.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

The objective of this research is to investigate the artistic meaning of "infinity," manifested by the fourth dimensional value in the genres of photography and architecture, by analyzing how Sugimoto Hiroshi's photographic spatio-temporal infinity transfers to his architectural approaches. The research is initiated by scrutinizing the themes, characteristics, techniques, and artistic meaning of Sugimoto's famous photographic series, including "Seascapes," "Theatres," and "Architecture"; the concept of infinity can be defined as infinite divergence and infinitesimal convergence between antithetical concepts in time, space, and being. Sugimoto's photographic works display "temporal infinity" by connecting ancient times, the present, and the future; "spatial infinity" by offering the potential for transformation from flat photographs into infinite three-dimensional space and fourth-dimensional concepts through time; and "existential infinity" of life and death by making us think about being and essence, being and time, and origin and religion. These perspectives are also used to analyze Sugimoto's architectural works, such as "Appropriate Proportion" and "Glass Tea House Mondrian." As a result, the research finds that in Sugimoto's architectural approaches, spatio-temporal infinity between antithetical values is manifested through the concept of origin, geometric form, extended axis, immaterial threshold, transparent materiality, and connectivity of light and shadow, provoking our existence to transcend into infinity itself.

• Fourth Industrial Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2021

Purpose - Faced with the great change of the 4th industrial revolution and the addition of the COVID-19 pandemic, great confusion and crises are occurring in the retail environment as well. The purpose of this study is to suggest the necessity of establishing a methodology for applying retail tech to offline distribution channels in crisis. Research design, data, and methodology - After examining the recent developments of representative fields to which retail technology is applied, it is rearranged through consideration through previous studies. Result - The retail industry must transform into digital commerce through digital transformation. According to the development of retail technology, the distribution industry is at a time of change from the stage of brokering product and service transactions to a structure that creates value based on information on production and consumption. The business model of the distribution industry must be converted to a platform business model in which both consumers and producers become users. Conclusion - In-depth analysis of the cases has not been conducted, and there are limitations in that the development is somewhat insufficient due to insufficient prior research data. However, it is meaningful to suggest the necessity of finding a methodology for applying retail technology to overcome the crisis of offline retailers through quantitative research on the retail technology area.